ISO 13943-2008 Fire safety - Vocabulary《防火安全 词汇》.pdf

1、 Reference numberISO 13943:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13943Second edition2008-10-15Fire safety Vocabulary Scurit au feu Vocabulaire ISO 13943:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or vie

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4、for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in t

5、eaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar p

6、ublications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm,

7、without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All

8、 rights reservedISO 13943:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Definition of the term “item” 1 4 Terms and definitions.1 Bibliography41 Alphabetical index42 Systematic index 46 Index of deprecated terms.51 ISO 13943:2008(

9、E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body int

10、erested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnic

11、al Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the

12、technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

13、ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13943 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, in cooperation with Technical Committee IEC/TC 89, Fire hazard testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13943:2000),

14、which has been technically revised. ISO 13943:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the subject field of fire safety. There has been a considerable development of fire safety engineering design, especially as it relates to

15、construction projects, as well as the development of concepts related to performance-based design. With this continuing evolution, there is an increasing need for agreement on a common language in the large domain of fire safety, beyond what traditionally has been limited to the subject field of fir

16、e hazard testing. The first edition of ISO 13943 contained definitions of about 180 terms. However, the area of technology that is related to fire safety has continued to evolve rapidly and this second edition contains many new terms as well as new definitions of some of the terms that were in the f

17、irst edition. This International Standard defines general terms to establish a vocabulary applicable to fire safety, including fire safety in buildings and civil engineering works and other elements within the built environment. It will be updated as terms and definitions for further concepts in the

18、 subject field of fire safety are agreed upon and developed. It is important to note that when used in legislation, some general fire safety terms have a narrower interpretation and hence the definition given in this International Standard does not apply. The terms in this International Standard are

19、 fundamental concepts, which may be the starting point for other, more specific, definitions, more specific concepts, used in several areas of fire safety such as fire testing and fire safety engineering used in ISO and IEC fire standards, and related concept fields, designated by borrowed terms use

20、d in building and civil engineering. The layout is in accordance with ISO 10241, unless otherwise specified. Thus, the elements of an entry appear in the following order: a) entry number; b) preferred term(s); c) admitted term(s); d) deprecated term(s); e) definition; f) example(s); g) note(s). The

21、terms are presented in English alphabetical order and are in bold type except for accepted but non-preferred terms and deprecated terms, which are in normal type. In a definition, example or note, reference to another entry in bold face is followed by the entry number in brackets, when it is first m

22、entioned. Entry number, preferred term and definition are the mandatory elements of each entry. Other elements appear only when appropriate. Where a given term designates more than one concept, the concepts are listed in separate consecutive entries and the terms individually numbered. If the term h

23、as a general meaning but is being used in a specific subject field, that subject field is indicated in angled brackets, , at the beginning of the definition. Word class, e.g. “noun”, “adj.”, “verb”, is indicated if there is a risk of misunderstanding. ISO 13943:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reserve

24、dWhere the term describes a physical quantity, a note is given to indicate the typical units that are used (except in cases where the unit is a single dimension such as mass, time or length). Where a national variant in English is preferred or another equivalent exists, this has been given in bold f

25、ace following the preferred term and annotated by the respective country code. Where no other country code or other equivalent is given in bold, this signifies that the preferred term is the accepted term in English-speaking countries. A term following the preferred term not given in boldface type i

26、s a non-preferred synonym. To facilitate the location of any term given in this International Standard, irrespective of preference or country of origin, the alphabetical index lists all preferred and non-preferred synonyms, without the respective country code being indicated. There is also a systema

27、tic index and an index of deprecated terms. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13943:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Fire safety Vocabulary 1 Scope This International Standard defines terminology relating to fire safety as used in International Standards and other documents of the International Standa

28、rdization Organization and the International Electrotechnical Committee. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference

29、d document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6707-1:2004, Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 1: General terms ISO 10241:1992, International terminology standards Preparation and layout 3 Definition of the term “item” For the purposes of this International Standard, the English term

30、 “item” is used in a general meaning to represent any single object or assembly of objects, and may cover, for example, material, product, assembly, structure or building, as required in the context of any individual definition. If the “item” under consideration is a test specimen then the term “tes

31、t specimen” is used. 4 Terms and definitions 4.1 abnormal heat electrotechnical heat that is additional to that resulting from use under normal conditions, up to and including that which causes a fire (4.96) 4.2 acceptance criteria criteria that form the basis for assessing the acceptability of the

32、safety of a design of a built environment (4.26) NOTE The criteria can be qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both. 4.3 activation time time interval from response by a sensing device until the suppression system (4.314), smoke control system, alarm system or other fire safety system is fu

33、lly operational ISO 13943:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved4.4 actual delivered density ADD volumetric flow rate of water per unit area that is delivered onto the top horizontal surface of a simulated burning combustible (4.43) array NOTE 1 It is typically determined relative to a specific heat

34、 release rate (4.177) of a fire (4.98). NOTE 2 ADD can be measured as described in ISO 6182-7. NOTE 3 The typical units are millimetres per minute (mmmin1). 4.5 acute toxicity toxicity (4.341) that causes rapidly occurring toxic (4.335) effects cf. toxic potency (4.338) 4.6 afterflame flame (4.133)

35、that persists after the ignition source (4.189) has been removed 4.7 afterflame time length of time for which an afterflame (4.6) persists under specified conditions cf. duration of flaming (4.71) 4.8 afterglow persistence of glowing combustion (4.169) after both removal of the ignition source (4.18

36、9) and the cessation of any flaming combustion (4.148) 4.9 afterglow time length of time during which an afterglow (4.8) persists under specified conditions 4.10 agent outlet orifice of a piping system by means of which an extinguishing fluid can be applied towards the source of a fire (4.98) 4.11 a

37、larm time time interval between ignition (4.187) of a fire (4.98) and activation of an alarm NOTE The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. T

38、he basis on which the time of ignition is determined is always stated when the alarm time is specified. 4.12 alight, adj. lit, adj. CA, US lighted, adj. undergoing combustion (4.46) ISO 13943:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 34.13 arc resistance electrotechnical ability of an electrically insula

39、ting material to resist the influence of an electric arc, under specified conditions NOTE The arc resistance is identified by the length of the arc, the absence or presence of a conducting path and the burning or damage of the test specimen (4.321). 4.14 area burning rate burning rate (deprecated) r

40、ate of burning (deprecated) area of material burned (4.28) per unit time under specified conditions NOTE The typical units are square metres per second ( m2s1). 4.15 arson crime of setting a fire (4.98), usually with intent to cause damage 4.16 ash ashes mineral residue resulting from complete combu

41、stion (4.50) 4.17 asphyxiant toxicant (4.340) that causes hypoxia, which can result in central nervous system depression or cardiovascular effects NOTE Loss of consciousness and ultimately death can occur. 4.18 auto-ignition spontaneous ignition self-ignition CA, US unpiloted ignition CA, US spontan

42、eous combustion (deprecated) ignition (4.187) resulting from a rise of temperature without a separate ignition source (4.189) NOTE 1 The ignition can be caused either by self-heating (4.287, 4.288) or by heating from an external source. NOTE 2 In North America, “spontaneous ignition” is the preferre

43、d term used to designate ignition caused by self-heating. 4.19 auto-ignition temperature spontaneous ignition temperature minimum temperature at which auto-ignition (4.18) is obtained in a fire test (4.132) NOTE The typical units are degrees Celsius (C). 4.20 available safe escape time ASET time ava

44、ilable for escape for an individual occupant, the calculated time interval between the time of ignition (4.187) and the time at which conditions become such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective action to escape (4.82) to a safe refuge (4.280) or place of

45、safety (4.253) ISO 13943:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedNOTE 1 The time of ignition can be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model (4.116) or a fire test (4.132), or it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time o

46、f ignition is determined is always stated. NOTE 2 This definition equates incapacitation (4.194) with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are possible. If an alternate criterion is selected, it is necessary that it be stated. NOTE 3 Each occupant can have a different value of ASET, depending

47、on that occupants personal characteristics. 4.21 backdraft rapid flaming combustion (4.148) caused by the sudden introduction of air into a confined oxygen-deficient space that contains hot products of incomplete combustion (4.46) NOTE In some cases, these conditions can result in an explosion (4.87

48、). 4.22 behavioural scenario description of the behaviour of occupants during the course of a fire (4.98) 4.23 black body form that completely absorbs any electromagnetic radiation falling upon it 4.24 black-body radiant source radiant source that produces electromagnetic radiation as described by P

49、lancks distribution function NOTE The emissivity (4.75) of a black body radiant source is unity. 4.25 building element integral part of a built environment (4.26) NOTE 1 This includes floors, walls, beams, columns, doors, and penetrations, but does not include contents. NOTE 2 This definition is wider in its scope than that given in ISO 6707-1. 4.26 built environment building or other structure EXAMPLES Off-shore platforms; civil engineering works, such as tunnels, bridges and mines; and means of transportation, suc