ISO 14649-11-2004 Industrial automation systems and integration - Physical device control - Data model for computerized numerical controllers - Part 11 Process .pdf

1、 Reference number ISO 14649-11:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-11 Second edition 2004-12-15 Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controllers Part 11: Process data for milling Systmes dautomatisation industrielle

2、et intgration Commande des dispositifs physiques Modle de donnes pour les contrleurs numriques informatiss Partie 11: Donnes des procds relatifs au fraisage ISO 14649-11:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be

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5、e is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

6、or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47

7、 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 14649-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General Process data2 4.1 Header and references

8、2 4.2 Technology-specific machining operations .2 4.2.1 NC functions for milling2 4.2.2 Tool direction for milling 3 4.2.3 Milling machining operation.4 4.2.4 Milling technology.5 4.2.5 Milling machine functions 6 4.2.6 Milling type operation .7 4.2.7 Freeform operation14 4.2.8 Two5D milling operati

9、on.18 4.2.9 Plane milling 23 4.2.10 Side milling24 4.2.11 Bottom and side milling24 4.2.12 Drilling type operation 25 4.2.13 Drilling operation.27 4.2.14 Boring operation29 4.2.15 Back boring29 4.2.16 Tapping.30 4.2.17 Thread drilling30 4.3 End Schema .31 5 Conformance requirements .31 5.1 Conforman

10、ce class 1 entities.31 5.2 Conformance class 2 entities.32 Annex A (normative) EXPRESS listing.33 Annex B (normative) Short names of entities43 Annex C (normative) Implementation method specific requirements 45 Annex D (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram46 Annex E (informative) Sample NC programmes 53 E

11、.1 Example 1.53 E.2 Example 2.56 Index 62 ISO 14649-11:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carrie

12、d out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS

13、O collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Internatio

14、nal Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the ele

15、ments of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14649-11 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control. This se

16、cond edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14649-11:2003), of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controller

17、s: Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles Part 10: General process data Part 11: Process data for milling Part 12: Process data for turning Part 111: Tools for milling machines Part 121: Tools for turning Gaps in the numbering of parts were left to allow further additions. The future Parts 2 an

18、d 3 will be for language bindings according to ISO 10303 methods. Part 10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after Part 10. The future Part 50 will be the ISO 10303 Application Interpreted Model (AIM) fo

19、r process-independent data. ISO 10303 AIMs for specific technologies are added after Part 50. ISO 14649 is harmonised with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle. Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardisation between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and C

20、NC manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development. ISO 14649-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volu

21、mes of product information must be transferred between the various facilities and machines. Todays digital communications standards have solved the problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been standardised by ISO

22、10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realising this principle are the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G an

23、d M code” language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine

24、 axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983. IS

25、O 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-le

26、vel machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it

27、can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-directional data exchange between all other information technology systems. ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming, that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or li

28、near and circular movements. As it is object- and feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine dependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data adaptations by postprocess

29、ors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC- controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters shall be able to process the different NC program types in parallel. ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO

30、6983 programming to portable feature-based programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces. This will likely be made easier

31、 as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the effectiveness of the standard. ISO 2004 All rights reserved 11 Scope This part of ISO 14649 specifies the technology-specific data elements neede

32、d as process data for milling. Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between a computerised numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor programming system) for milling. It can be used for milling operations on

33、all types of machines, be it milling machines, machining centers, or lathes with motorised tools capable of milling. The scope of this part does not include any other technologies, like turning, grinding, or EDM. These technologies will be described in further parts of ISO 14649. The subject of the

34、milling_schema, which is described in this part of ISO 14649, is the definition of technology- specific data types representing the machining process for milling and drilling. This includes both milling of freeform surfaces as well as milling of prismatic workpieces (also known as 2D-milling). Not i

35、ncluded in this schema are geometric items, representations, manufacturing features, executable objects, and base classes which are common for all technologies. They are referenced from ISO 10303s generic resources and ISO 14649-10. The description of process data is done using the EXPRESS language

36、as defined in ISO 10303-11. The encoding of the data is done using ISO 10303-21. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r

37、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual ISO 10303-21, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data rep

38、resentation and exchange Part 21: Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of the exchange structure 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Finishing A milling operation used to cut a part. The finishing operation usually follows

39、a roughing operation. The goal of finishing is to reach the surface quality required, cf. roughing. 3.2 Roughing A milling operation used to cut a part. While the aim of roughing is to remove large quantities of material in a short time, the surface quality is usually not important. The roughing ope

40、ration is usually followed by a finishing operation, cf. finishing. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-11:2004(E)Industrial automation systems and integration Physical device control Data model for computerized numerical controllers Part 11: Process data for milling ISO 14649-11:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All

41、 rights reserved4 General Process data 4.1 Header and references The following listing gives the header and the list of entities which are referenced within this schema. SCHEMA milling_schema; (* Version of April 30, 2004 Author: ISO TC184/SC1/WG7 *) REFERENCE FROM support_resource_schema (*ISO10303

42、-41e3*) (identifier, label ); REFERENCE FROM geometry_schema (*ISO10303-42e3*) ( bounded_curve, cartesian_point, direction ); REFERENCE FROM measure_schema (*ISO10303-41e3*) ( length_measure, positive_ratio_measure, time_measure ); REFERENCE FROM machining_schema (*ISO14649-10*) ( nc_function, machi

43、ne_functions, machining_operation, machining_tool, material, plane_angle_measure, pressure_measure, property_parameter, rot_direction, rot_speed_measure, speed_measure, technology, toolpath_list, tool_direction); REFERENCE FROM milling_machine_tool_schema (*ISO14649-111*) ( milling_cutting_tool); 4.

44、2 Technology-specific machining operations 4.2.1 NC functions for milling The NC functions specific to milling technologies are described in the following subs clauses. These are subtypes of entity nc_function defined in ISO 14649-10. 4.2.1.1 Exchange pallet This function is used to execute a pallet

45、 exchange. ISO 14649-11:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3ENTITY exchange_pallet (* m0 *) SUBTYPE OF (nc_function); END_ENTITY; 4.2.1.2 Index pallet This function is used to place the pallet to the indicated position by the parameter index. ENTITY index_pallet (* m0 *) SUBTYPE OF (nc_function);

46、its_index: INTEGER; END_ENTITY; its_index: The parameter index value by which the destined position of the pallet is indicated. 4.2.1.3 Index table This function is used to place the rotation table to the indicated position by the parameter index. ENTITY index_table (* m0 *) SUBTYPE OF (nc_function)

47、; its_index: INTEGER; END_ENTITY; its_index: The parameter index value by which the destined position of the rotation table is indicated. 4.2.1.4 Load tool This function is used to load a tool that can be selected independent from the geometrical information. ENTITY load_tool (* m0 *) SUBTYPE OF (nc

48、_function); its_tool: machining_tool; END_ENTITY; its_tool: The tool which has to be loaded. 4.2.1.5 Unload tool This function is used to unload a tool. ENTITY unload_tool (* m0 *) SUBTYPE OF (nc_function); its_tool: OPTIONAL machining_tool; END_ENTITY; its_tool: The tool which has to be exchanged.

49、In case of an operation where more than one tool is in use at the same time this attribute has to be set. 4.2.2 Tool direction for milling This is the base class of all tool orientations used for freeform machining. It is subtypes of entity tool_direction defined in ISO 14649-10. ISO 14649-11:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedABSTRACT SUPERTYPE OF (ONEOF(three_axes_tilted_tool, five_axes_var_tilt_yaw, five_axes_const_tilt_yaw) SUBTYPE OF (tool_direction); END_ENTITY; 4.2.2.1