1、 ISO 2012 Hydrogen fuel Product specification Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles Carburant hydrogne Spcification de produit Partie 2: Applications des piles combustible membrane change de protons (MEP) pour les vhicules routiers INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO
2、 14687-2 First edition 2012-12-01 Reference number ISO 14687-2:2012(E) ISO 14687-2:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec
3、tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.
4、org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 14687-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Classification . 2 4.2 Applications . 2 4.3 Limiting characteristics . 3 5
5、Hydrogen fuel qualification test . 3 5.1 General requirements . 3 5.2 Report results . 4 6 Sampling 4 6.1 Sample size . 4 6.2 Gaseous hydrogen 4 6.3 Particulates in gaseous hydrogen . 4 6.4 Liquid hydrogen . 4 7 Analytical methods. 4 7.1 General . 4 7.2 Parameters of analysis 5 7.3 Water content . 5
6、 7.4 Total hydrocarbon content . 5 7.5 Oxygen content . 5 7.6 Helium content 6 7.7 Argon and nitrogen contents 6 7.8 Carbon dioxide content 6 7.9 Carbon monoxide content . 6 7.10 Total sulfur content . 6 7.11 Formaldehyde content . 6 7.12 Formic acid content 7 7.13 Ammonia content . 7 7.14 Total hal
7、ogenated compounds content 7 7.15 Particulates concentration 7 8 Detection limit and determination limit . 7 9 Quality assurance 8 9.1 On-site fuel supply . 8 9.2 Off-site fuel supply . 8 10 Safety 8 Annex A (informative) Rationale for the selection of hydrogen contaminants 9 Annex B (informative) S
8、uggested analytical and sampling methods with detection and determination limits .11 Annex C (informative) One common practice of quality assurance for hydrogen production processes that utilize reforming processes associated with pressure swing adsorption (PSA) purification .13 Bibliography .15 ISO
9、 14687-2:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subj
10、ect for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IE
11、C) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committ
12、ees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
13、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14687-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies. This first edition of ISO 14687-2 cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/TS 14687-2:2008. ISO 14687 consists of the following parts, under the gen
14、eral title Hydrogen fuel Product specification: Part 1: All applications except proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for road vehicles Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles Part 3: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for stationary appl
15、iancesiv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 14687-2:2012(E) Introduction This part of ISO 14687 specifies two grades of hydrogen fuel, “Type I, grade D” and Type II, grade D. These grades are intended to apply to the interim stage of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for road vehicles (FCV) on
16、 a limited production scale. It is also noted that this part of ISO 14687 has been prepared based on the research and development focusing on the following items: PEM catalyst and fuel cell components tolerance to hydrogen fuel contaminants; effects/mechanisms of contaminants on fuel cell systems an
17、d components; contaminant measurement techniques for laboratory, production, and in-field operations; onboard hydrogen storage technology; vehicle demonstration results. Since the FCV and related technology are developing rapidly, this part of ISO 14687 needs to be revised according to technological
18、 progress as necessary. Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen Technologies, will monitor this technology trend. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Hydrogen fuel Product specification Part 2: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications for road vehicles 1 Scope This part of ISO 14687 specifi
19、es the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel in order to ensure uniformity of the hydrogen product as dispensed for utilization in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell road vehicle systems. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this
20、 document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6145 (all par t s), Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dyna
21、mic volumetric methods ISO 14687-1, Hydrogen fuel Product specification Part 1: All applications except proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for road vehicles 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14687-1 and the following apply. 3.1 co
22、nstituent component (or compound) found within a hydrogen fuel mixture 3.2 contaminant impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage system NOTE An adverse effect can be reversible or irreversible. 3.3 detection limit lowest quantity of a substanc
23、e that can be distinguished from the absence of that substance with a stated confidence limit 3.4 determination limit lowest quantity which can be measured at a given acceptable level of uncertainty 3.5 fuel cell system power system used for the generation of electricity on a fuel cell vehicle, typi
24、cally containing the following subsystems: fuel cell stack, air processing, fuel processing, thermal management and water management INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 14687-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 14687-2:2012(E) 3.6 hydrogen fuel index fraction or percentage of a fuel mixture that is
25、 hydrogen 3.7 irreversible effect effect, which results in a permanent degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that cannot be restored by practical changes of operational conditions and/or gas composition 3.8 on-site fuel supply hydrogen fuel supplying system with a hydrogen production
26、 system in the same site 3.9 off-site fuel supply hydrogen fuel supplying system without a hydrogen production system in the same site, receiving hydrogen fuel which is produced out of the site 3.10 particulate solid or aerosol particle that can be entrained somewhere in the delivery, storage, or tr
27、ansfer of the hydrogen fuel 3.11 reversible effect effect, which results in a temporary degradation of the fuel cell power system performance that can be restored by practical changes of operational conditions and/or gas composition 4 Requirements 4.1 Classification Hydrogen fuel for PEM fuel cell a
28、pplications for road vehicles shall be classified according to the following types and grade designations: a) Type I (grade D): Gaseous hydrogen b) Type II (grade D): Liquid hydrogen 4.2 Applications The following information characterizes representative applications of each type and grade of hydrog
29、en fuel. It is noted that suppliers commonly transport hydrogen of a higher quality than some users may require. Type I (grade D) Gaseous hydrogen fuel for PEM fuel cell road vehicle systems Type II (grade D) Liquid hydrogen fuel for PEM fuel cell road vehicle systems NOTE 1 Type I, grade A, B, C, T
30、ype II, grade C and Type III, which are applicable for all applications except PEM fuel cells applications, are defined in ISO 14687-1. NOTE 2 There is no equivalent grade A and B for Type II fuels. NOTE 3 Hydrogen fuel specifications applicable to PEM fuel cell applications for stationary appliance
31、s are addressed in ISO 14687-3.2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 14687-2:2012(E) 4.3 Limiting characteristics The fuel quality requirements at the dispenser nozzle applicable to the aforementioned grades of hydrogen fuel for PEM fuel cells in road vehicles shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Th
32、e fuel specifications are not process or feed stock specific. Non-listed contaminants have no guarantee of being benign. NOTE Annex A provides the rationale for the selection of the impurities specified in Table 1. Table 1 Directory of limiting characteristics Characteristics (assay) Type I, Type II
33、 Grade D Hydrogen fuel index (minimum mole fraction) a 99,97 % Total non-hydrogen gases 300 mol/mol Maximum concentration of individual contaminants Water (H 2 O) 5 mol/mol Total hydrocarbons b (Methane basis) 2 mol/mol Oxygen (O 2 ) 5 mol/mol Helium (He) 300 mol/mol Total Nitrogen (N 2 ) and Argon
34、Ar) b 100 mol/mol Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 2 mol/mol Carbon monoxide (CO) 0,2 mol/mol Total sulfur compounds c(H 2 S basis) 0,004 mol/mol Formaldehyde (HCHO) 0,01 mol/mol Formic acid (HCOOH) 0,2 mol/mol Ammonia (NH 3 ) 0,1 mol/mol Total halogenated compounds d(Halogenate ion basis) 0,05 mol/mol Maxim
35、um particulates concentration 1 mg/kgFor the constituents that are additive, such as total hydrocarbons and total sulfur compounds, the sum of the constituents are to be less than or equal to the acceptable limit. aThe hydrogen fuel index is determined by subtracting the “total non-hydrogen gases” i
36、n this table, expressed in mole percent, from 100 mole percent. bTotal hydrocarbons include oxygenated organic species. Total hydrocarbons shall be measured on a carbon basis (molC/mol). Total hydrocarbons may exceed 2 mol/mol due only to the presence of methane, in which case the summation of metha
37、ne, nitrogen and argon shall not exceed 100 mol/mol. c As a minimum, total sulphur compounds include H 2 S, COS, CS 2and mercaptans, which are typically found in natural gas. d Total halogenated compounds include, for example, hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine (Cl2), and orga
38、nic halides (R-X). 5 Hydrogen fuel qualification test 5.1 General requirements Quality verification requirements for the qualification tests shall be performed at the dispenser nozzle under applicable standardized sampling and analytical methods where available. Alternatively, the quality verificati
39、on requirements may be performed at other locations or under other methods acceptable to the supplier and the customer. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 14687-2:2012(E) 5.2 Report results The detection and determination limits for analytical methods and instruments used shall be reported along wit
40、h the results of each test as well as the employed analytical method, the employed sampling method and the amount of sample gas. 6 Sampling 6.1 Sample size The quantity of hydrogen in a single sample container should be sufficient to perform the analyses for the limiting characteristics specified in
41、 Table 1. If a single sample does not contain a sufficient quantity of hydrogen to perform all of the analyses required to assess the quality level, additional samples from the same lot shall be taken under similar conditions. 6.2 Gaseous hydrogen Gaseous hydrogen samples shall be representative of
42、the dispensed hydrogen. The sampling location shall be in accordance with 5.1. A sample from the dispenser nozzle shall be withdrawn through a suitable connection that does not contaminate the sample or compromise safety. Attention shall be paid to ensure that the sampled hydrogen is not contaminate
43、d with residual gases inside the sample container by repeated purge cycles. A validated sampling method should be used (see Annex B for guidance). Clause 9 provides guidance relative to managing hazards associated with withdrawing samples from the high pressure hydrogen system. 6.3 Particulates in g
44、aseous hydrogen Particulates in hydrogen should be sampled from a dispenser nozzle. Samples shall be collected in a manner that does not compromise safety. Appropriate measures should be taken for the sample gas not to be contaminated by particulates coming from the connection device and/or the ambi
45、ent air. When using a filter, samples should be collected if possible under the same conditions (pressure and flow rate) as employed in the actual refuelling operation. To avoid trapping particles or contaminating the sample, no regulator should be used between the dispenser nozzle and the particula
46、te filter. 6.4 Liquid hydrogen Vaporized liquid samples shall be representative of the liquid hydrogen supply. Samples shall be obtained in a manner that does not compromise safety. For example, one of the following procedures can be used to obtain samples: a) vaporizing, in the sampling line, liqui
47、d hydrogen from the supply container; b) flowing liquid hydrogen from the supply container into or through a suitable container in which a representative sample is collected and then vaporized. 7 Analytical methods 7.1 General The analytical methods suitable for measuring characteristics listed in T
48、able 1 are described below. Other analytical methods are acceptable if their performances, including safety of use are equivalent to those of the methods listed below.4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 14687-2:2012(E) 7.2 Parameters of analysis The parameters for analytical techniques contained in t
49、his clause are a) mole fraction, expressed as a percentage (%), b) number of micromoles per mole (mol/mol), and c) number of milligrams per kilogram of hydrogen (mg/kg) (particulate concentration only). The determination limits for the analytical methods listed should be less than or equal to the limiting characteristics of hydrogen for all constituents listed in Table 1. If calibration gas standards which contain the applicable gaseous components at applicable concentrations and stand
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