ISO 14820-1-2016 Fertilizers and liming materials - Sampling and sample preparation - Part 1 Sampling《肥料和石灰材料 取样和试样制备 第1部分 取样》.pdf

1、 ISO 2016 Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation Part 1: Sampling Engrais et amendements minraux basiques chantillonnage et prparation de lchantillon Partie 1: chantillonnage INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14820-1 First edition 2016-05-01 Reference number ISO 14820-1:2016(E) IS

2、O 14820-1:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo

3、copying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22

4、 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 14820-1:2016(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Sampling plans and quantitative data 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Sampling plans 3 4.2.1 Determination of the number of sampling uni

5、ts which form the sampled portion 3 4.2.2 Identification of the sampling units to be sampled 4 4.2.3 Collection of increments . 4 4.3 Quantitative data . 5 4.3.1 Mass of increments 5 4.3.2 Mass of single aggregate/reduced samples 5 4.3.3 Mass of multiple aggregate samples . 5 4.3.4 Mass of final sam

6、ple 5 5 Incremental sampling methods 5 5.1 General . 5 5.2 Solid fertilizer in bulk being moved by conveyor belt Stopping the belt method 5 5.2.1 General 5 5.2.2 Principle 6 5.2.3 Apparatus . 6 5.2.4 Procedure . 6 5.3 Solid fertilizer in bulk Mechanical sampling while in motion. 6 5.3.1 General 6 5.

7、3.2 Procedure . 7 5.4 Solid fertilizer in bulk Manual sampling from falling stream 7 5.4.1 Principle 7 5.4.2 Apparatus . 7 5.4.3 Procedure . 7 5.5 Solid fertilizer in bulk Manual sampling method by moving the bulk . 8 5.5.1 General 8 5.5.2 Procedure . 9 5.6 Solid fertilizers in packages Reduction me

8、thod using a rotary mechanical sample divider . 9 5.6.1 General 9 5.6.2 Principle 9 5.6.3 Apparatus . 9 5.6.4 Procedure 10 5.6.5 Precautions 11 5.7 Solid fertilizers in packages Reduction method using a riffle divider 11 5.7.1 General.11 5.7.2 Apparatus 11 5.7.3 Procedure 12 5.8 Sampling of solid fe

9、rtilizers in packages Manual method .13 5.9 Sampling from intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) by controlled flow .14 5.9.1 General.14 5.9.2 Principle .14 5.9.3 Safety .14 5.9.4 Apparatus 15 5.9.5 Obtaining increments .17 5.9.6 Precautions 18 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 14820-1

10、:2016(E)5.10 Sampling from intermediate bulk containers IBCs - Manual method .18 5.10.1 Principle .18 5.10.2 Procedure 18 5.11 Sampling of fluid fertilizers .18 5.11.1 General.18 5.11.2 Apparatus 19 5.11.3 Procedure 19 6 Reduction of aggregate sample 21 6.1 General 21 6.2 Solid fertilizers .21 6.2.1

11、 General.21 6.2.2 Procedure 21 6.3 Fluid fertilizers .22 6.3.1 Apparatus 22 6.3.2 Procedure 22 7 Di vision int o final samples 22 8 Pr actical arr angements for final (labor at ory) samples 22 8.1 Containers 22 8.2 Sealing of containers .22 8.3 Labelling of final samples .23 8.4 Dispatch of the fina

12、l sample .23 8.5 Storage of final samples .23 9 Sampling report23 9.1 General 23 9.2 Essential information .23 9.3 Additional information .24 Annex A (normative) T est for bias in mechanical samplers .25 Annex B (informative) Ex amples of r otary sample di viders .28 Annex C (normative) T est for bi

13、as in a r otary di vider .31 Annex D (informative) Ex amples of appar atus for sampling fluid fertilizers .32 Annex E (normative) Methods of mixing for fluid fertilizers .40 Bibliogr aph y .47 iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14820-1:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standa

14、rdization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right t

15、o be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures us

16、ed to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules

17、of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identifi

18、ed during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on

19、 the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information ISO 14820-1:2016 was prepared by CEN/TC 260, Fer

20、tilizers and liming materials (as EN 1482-1:2007) and was adopted without modification other than those stipulated below by ISO/TC 134, Fertilizers and soil conditioners. The EN references (EN 1482-1 and EN 1482-2) have been changed to ISO references (ISO 14820-1 and ISO 14820-2). The definitions in

21、 3.1, 3.4 and 3.5 have been modified slightly to align them with those in ISO 8157:2015. ISO 8157 has been added to the Bibliography. For consistency, “rotating sample divider” has been changed to “rotary sample divider” throughout the text. (The term “rotary” was already used in Annexes A and C in

22、EN 1482-1:2007 and in 5.1 in EN 1482-2:2007.) In 4.2.2, 5.3.1, 5.6.1, 5.6.4.3.5, 5.7, 5.11.2.1 and A.3, notes have been changed to full text. In 5.2.3, 5.4.2, 5.6.3 and 5.7.2, the apparatus are now listed under separate subclause numbers. ISO 2602 has been moved from Clause 2 to the Bibliography; it

23、 is only cited after “such as” in A.5.1. ISO 14820 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation: Part 1: Sampling Part 2: Sample preparation ISO 2016 All rights reserved v ISO 14820-1:2016(E) Introduction This part of ISO 1

24、4820 covers the following aspects of sampling, derived from the International Standards and documents indicated below but presented in a simplified and condensed form. The titles of these International Standards are given in the Bibliography. Sampling plans and quantitative data: ISO 8634, ISO/TR 53

25、07, ISO/TR 7553 and EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Sampling methods: ISO 3963, and EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Reduction: ISO 7410, ISO 7742, ISO 8358 and EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). Sampling reports: ISO 5306 and

26、 EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). ISO 14820-2 covers the reduction and preparation of samples for analysis. Figure 1 gives a schematic diagram of the sampling and sample preparation process for solids. The fundamental principle of representative sampling is that every partic

27、le has an equal chance of being selected or rejected. This principle cannot easily be complied with in the case of bulk heaps of solid fertilizers or large storage tanks of fluid fertilizers as the majority of the material cannot be reached by any sampling device. The fertilizer in these cases shoul

28、d be sampled during transfer, during the building up of the heap, during the filling of the storage tank, during dispatch or where it is being moved solely for sampling purposes.vi ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14820-1:2016(E) Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sampling process for solids ISO 2016 All

29、 rights reserved vii Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation Part 1: Sampling 1 Scope This part of ISO 14820 specifies sampling plans and methods of representative sampling of fertilizers and liming materials to obtain samples for physical and chemical analysis, from package

30、s and containers up to and including 1 000 kg, from fluid products and from fertilizers in bulk provided the product is in motion. It is applicable to the sampling of lots of fertilizer or liming material supplied or ready for supply to third parties, as such, or in smaller lots, each of which would

31、 be subject to local, national or regional legislation. Where legislation so requires, samples are taken in accordance with this part of ISO 14820. NOTE The term “fertilizer” is used throughout the body of this document and is taken to include liming materials unless otherwise indicated. This part o

32、f ISO 14820 does not cover complete, statistical sampling plans. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t

33、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1235, Solid fertilizers Test sieving (ISO 8397:1988 modified) ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this doc

34、ument, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aggregate sample combination of all increments from the lot Note 1 to entry: The increments may be grouped together in equal numbers in order to form several aggregate samples which can be reduced and analysed separately for the purpose of statis

35、tical interpretation. SOURCE: ISO 8157:2015, 2.6.4 3.2 d el i v er y quantity of material transferred at one time 3.3 division process of producing a number of representative smaller portions, approximately equal in mass to each other, from a larger mass INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 14820-1:2016(E) I

36、SO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 14820-1:2016(E) 3.4 f i n a l s a m p l e representative part of the reduced sample or, where no intermediate reduction is required, of the aggregate sample Note 1 to entry: Often, more than one sample is prepared, at the same time, from the reduced sample (or from

37、the aggregate sample). One or more of these final samples will be used as a laboratory sample or as laboratory samples, while others may be stored for reference purposes. SOURCE: ISO 8157:2015, 2.6.6 3.5 increment representative quantity of material taken from a sampling unit Note 1 to entry: This m

38、ay be constituted from a number of partial samples. SOURCE: ISO 8157:2015, 2.6.3 3.6 l a b or at or y s a mple final sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing 3.7 lot total quantity of material, assumed to have the same characteristics, to be sampled using a particular sampling plan 3.8 r

39、educed sample representative part of the aggregate sample obtained by a process of reduction in such a manner that the mass approximates to that of the final (laboratory) samples 3.9 reduction process of producing a representative smaller mass of fertilizer from a larger mass, with the remainder bei

40、ng discarded 3.10 sampling unit defined quantity of material having a boundary, which may be physical (e.g. a container) or hypothetical (e.g. particular time or time interval in the case of a flow of material) 3.11 sampled portion quantity of a material consisting of all the sampling units from whi

41、ch increments are to be taken and having characteristics presumed to be uniform 4 Sampling plans and quantitative data 4.1 General Correct sampling is a difficult operation which requires great care. The need to obtain a fully representative sample for both the chemical and physical testing of ferti

42、lizers cannot be stressed too much. Sampling plans have been produced to cover a range of quantities of fertilizer and these form the basis of several International Standards (see the Bibliography). The sampling plans given in this part of ISO 14820 are not based on strict statistical principles but

43、 samples obtained by following the procedures described in this clause shall be considered to be representative of the original lot or sampled portion.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14820-1:2016(E) This clause specifies sampling plans for the evaluation of deliveries of fertilizers as well as st

44、atutory control plans which have to be followed in certain circumstances. For statutory control and the simple commercial evaluation of a small quantity of fertilizer, one final sample is sufficient but this may subsequently be divided into a number of identical samples. For the commercial evaluatio

45、n of a large delivery which is supplied for resale in smaller lots, a number of samples representing parts of the delivery are required in order to assess the variability of the lot. NOTE For example, a delivery of 5 000 t should be treated as at least five deliveries of 1 000 t each and five separa

46、te samples should be collected and prepared. The determination in this part of ISO 14820 is based on a simple relationship between the amount to be sampled and the minimum number of increments to be taken. The methods of sampling to be used are described in Clause 5. 4.2 Sampling plans 4.2.1 Det erm

47、ination of the number of sampling u nits w hich form the sampled portion 4.2.1.1 General The number of sampling units from which increments are to be taken depends on the size of the lot. 4.2.1.2 Product in packages or containers In the case of product in packages or containers, the sampling unit is

48、 a package and the number of individual packages from which incremental samples are to be taken should be in accordance with Table 1. In this context, a package is normally taken to hold no more than 50 kg larger containers such as Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) should be treated according to t

49、he procedure in 5.9 or 5.10. For packages weighing less than 1 kg each, it might be necessary to increase the number taken to ensure a sufficiently large aggregate sample. T a b l e 1 N u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l p a c k a g e s f r o m w h i c h i n c r e m e n t a l s a m p l e s a r e t o b e t a k e n Lot size M i n i m u m n u m b e r of s a m p l i n g u n i t s 4 or fewer packages All packages More than 4 and up to 10 packages 4 More than 10 and up to 400 packages