1、 ISO 2014 Maintenance and repair of concrete structures Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention Entretien et rparation des structures en bton Partie 3: Conception des rparations et prvention INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16311-3 First edition 2014-04-15 Reference number ISO 16311-3:2014(E) ISO 16311-3
2、:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet
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4、.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 16311-3:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Minimum considerations before repair and prevention design. 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Initial risk assessmen
5、t 2 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes 3 5 Strategies for maintenance, repair, and prevention 4 5.1 General . 4 5.2 Options . 4 5.3 Factors 4 5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy 5 6 Basis for the choic e of specific r epair and pr e v ention design principles, str at egies, remedies, and meth
6、ods . 6 6.1 General . 6 6.2 Repair remedies and methods of maintenance, repair, and prevention . 6 7 Pr operties of pr oducts and s y st ems r equir ed for c omplianc e with r epair and prevention remedies 8 8 Design documentation requirements 9 9 C omplianc e with health, safety , and en vir onment
7、al r equir ements 9 10 C ompet enc e of personnel 9 Annex A (informative) Design of repairs and prevention 10 Bibliogr aph y .22 ISO 16311-3:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
8、of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-government
9、al, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
10、ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possib
11、ility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
12、patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as
13、information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 7, Maintenanc
14、e and repair of concrete structures. ISO 16311 consists of the following parts, under the general title Maintenance and repair of concrete structures: Part 1: General principles Part 2: Assessment of existing concrete structures Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention Part 4: Execution of repairs a
15、nd preventioniv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 16311-3:2014(E) Introduction The repair and prevention of defects and deterioration in concrete structures requires complex design work. This part of ISO 16311 defines the design principles, strategies, remedies, and methods for preventing accelerated
16、 deterioration and the repair of concrete structures that have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration. It gives guidance on the choice of repair design principles, strategies, remedies, methods, and selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the intended use. This part of IS
17、O 16311 identifies key stages in the repair process: the need for assessment of the condition of the structure; the need for identification of the causes of deterioration; evaluating the options for repair and prevention, and decision-making; the selection of the appropriate remedies for repair and
18、prevention; the selection of methods; the definition of properties of products and systems; the specification of maintenance requirements following repair and prevention. This part of ISO 16311 does not deal with matters related to structural design and the verification of structural performance in
19、both deteriorated and repaired condition. The information related to the deteriorated condition is presented in ISO 16311-2. This part of ISO 16311 contains an Annex A which provides guidance and background information on the normative text. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Maintenance and repair of c
20、oncrete structures Part 3: Design of repairs and prevention 1 Scope This part of ISO 16311 defines basic considerations and decision-making for the specification of repair and prevention remedies, and management strategies for reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures using products and system
21、s specified in other International Standards or Technical Specifications. This part of ISO 16311 covers only atmospherically exposed structures, and buried or submerged structures, if they can be accessed. This part of ISO 16311 specifies repair and prevention design principles, and strategies for d
22、efects and on-going deterioration including, but not limited to: a) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration, and seismic actions; b) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulfate attack, alkali-aggregate reaction; c) physical ac
23、tions, e.g. freezethaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallization, fire, and erosion; d) reinforcement corrosion; e) original construction defects that remained unaddressed from the time of construction. The execution of maintenance and repairs is covered in ISO 16311-4. Further back
24、ground information on the scope of this part of ISO 16311 is given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
25、 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14040, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework ISO 14044, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines ISO 16311-1, Maintenance and repair
26、of concrete structures Part 1: General principles ISO 16311-2, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures Part 2: Assessment of existing concrete structures ISO 16311-4, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures Part 4: Execution of repairs and prevention ISO 22965-1, Concrete Part 1: Methods
27、 of specifying and guidance for the specifier 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16311-1 and the following apply. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 16311-3:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 16311-3:2014(E) 3.1 defect fault, or devi
28、ation from the intended level of performance of a structure or its parts SOURCE: ISO 15686-1:2000 3.2 d e s i g n s e r v i c e l i f e specified period of time for which a structure or its members is to be used for its intended purpose without major repair being necessary SOURCE: ISO 16311-1 3.3 ma
29、intenance set of activities undertaken to check, evaluate the performance of a structure and preserve/restore it so as to satisfy its performance requirements in service SOURCE: ISO 13823:2008 3.4 passivity state in which steel in concrete is protected by a thin film and the corrosion rate is minimi
30、zed Note 1 to entry: This film is destabilized or lost when concrete carbonates to the level of the reinforcing steel, when aggressive salts concentrate and attack the steel, or atypically, when all oxygen is depleted at the surface of the steel (i.e. submerged concrete members after many years). 3.
31、5 prevention remedial action to prevent or slow down further deterioration of a structure or structural member and reduce the possibility of damage to the user or any third party, inhibiting the progress of deterioration, and proactively preventing deterioration 3.6 protection measure that is intend
32、ed to prevent or reduce the development of defects in the structure 3.7 repair restoration of a structure or its components to an acceptable condition by the renewal or replacement of worn, damaged, or deteriorated components SOURCE: ISO 13823:2008 4 Minimum considerations before repair and preventi
33、on design 4.1 Gener al This clause outlines procedures that shall be undertaken to assess the current condition of a concrete structure prior to designing repair and prevention programs. General guidance is given in Annex A. 4.2 Initial risk assessm ent The risks to health and safety from falling de
34、bris or localized structural failure due to removing deteriorated materials, and the effect of deterioration upon the mechanical stability of the concrete structure shall be assessed pre-repair work, as well as the anticipated loads and forces during repair work.2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 16
35、311-3:2014(E) Where the concrete structure or a portion thereof is considered to be unsafe, appropriate actions and sequences shall be specified to make it safe before other prevention or repair work is undertaken and while underway, taking into account any additional risks that can arise from the r
36、epair work itself. Such action can include local prevention or repairs, the installation of support or other temporary stabilization measures, or partial or even complete demolition. 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes An assessment shall be made of the defects in the concrete structure, thei
37、r causes, and of the ability of the concrete structure to perform its function per the detailed guidance provided in ISO 16311-2. This information is briefly summarized in the subsequent paragraphs. The process of assessment of the structure shall include, but not be limited to, the following. a) Do
38、cumentation of the materials and systems comprising the structure. b) The visible condition of the existing concrete structure. c) Testing to determine the condition of the concrete and reinforcing steel. d) The original design approach and potential design deficiencies. e) The environment, includin
39、g exposure to deleterious species. f) The history of the concrete structure, including environmental exposure, and previous maintenance and repair programs. g) The conditions of use, (e.g. loading or other actions). h) Requirements for future use. The nature and causes of defects and deficiencies, i
40、ncluding combinations of causes, shall be identified and recorded (see Figure 1). The approximate extent and likely rate of increase of defects shall then be assessed. An estimate shall be made of when the member or concrete structure would no longer perform as intended, with no prevention or repair
41、 measures (other than maintenance of existing systems) applied. The results of the completed assessment shall be valid at the time that the prevention and repairs are designed and carried out. If, as a result of passage of time or for any other reason, there are doubts about the validity of the asse
42、ssment, a new assessment shall be made. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 16311-3:2014(E) Figure 1 Common causes of defects and deterioration 5 Strategies for maintenance, repair, and prevention 5.1 Gener al This clause identifies options and factors to be considered when choosing a strategy for th
43、e management of the structure. 5.2 Options Per ISO 16311-1, the following options shall be taken into account in deciding the appropriate action to meet the future requirements for the life of the structure. a) Do nothing for a certain time while monitoring the structure. b) Re-analyse the structura
44、l capacity, possibly leading to a downgrade in function. c) Prevent or reduce further deterioration. d) Strengthen or repair and protect all or part of the concrete structure. e) Reconstruct all or part of the concrete structure. f) Demolish all or part of the concrete structure. 5.3 Factors The fac
45、tors that shall be considered when choosing a management strategy include, but are not limited to the following categories. 5.3.1 Gener al4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 16311-3:2014(E) a) The intended use and remaining service life of the structure. b) The required performance of the structure.
46、NOTE This can include, for example, fire resistance and watertightness. c) The likely service life of the repair and prevention work. d) The required availability of the structure, permissible interruption to its use and opportunities for additional prevention, repair, and monitoring work. e) The ac
47、ceptable number and cost of repair cycles during the design life of the concrete structure. f) The comparative whole life cost of the alternative management strategies, including future inspection and maintenance or further repair cycles. g) Properties and possible methods of preparation of the exis
48、ting substrate. h) The appearance of the protected and repaired structure. 5.3.2 Structur al The actions and how they will be resisted, including during and after implementation of the strategy. 5.3.3 Risk assessment a) The consequences of structural failure. b) Health and safety requirements. c) Th
49、e effect on occupiers or users of the structure and on adjacent structures and the general public. 5.3.4 En vir onmental a) The exposure environment of the structure and whether it can be changed locally. NOTE Exposure classes are given in ISO 22965-1, Annex A.2. b) The need or opportunity to protect part or all of the concrete structure, from weather, pollution, salt spray, etc., including protection of the substrate during the repair work. 5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy The choice of strategy
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