1、 Reference number ISO 16934:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16934 First edition 2007-07-01 Glass in building Explosion-resistant security glazing Test and classification by shock-tube loading Verre dans la construction Vitrages de scurit rsistant une explosion Essai et classification par
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5、Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
6、writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 16
7、934:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Classification and hazard rating . 4 5 Test specimens . 4 6 Apparatus and equipment preparation. 5 7 Test procedure and requirements. 7 8 Performa
8、nce requirements 9 9 Classification of explosion-resistant glazing 11 10 Test report and test-report summary 13 11 Precision and bias 15 Annex A (normative) Blast parameters and derivation 16 Annex B (informative) Blast shock-wave characteristics 18 Annex C (informative) Equivalent threat levels. 19
9、 Annex D (informative) Fragment definitions and criteria comparisons with other standards. 20 Bibliography . 21 ISO 16934:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies
10、). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and no
11、n-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par
12、t 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
13、 a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16934 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC
14、 2, Use considerations. ISO 16934:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard provides a method for carrying out tests simulating high-explosive blasts in order to assess and classify the response of glazing to the overpressure and impulse characteristics of blast
15、. This International Standard provides criteria for rating the level of damage to glazing from which can be assessed the hazard consequences to the area located behind the glazing. The increasing use of glazing designed to protect persons and property from accidental explosions, and from the effects
16、 of terrorist attacks with high explosives, has prompted the preparation of this International Standard. A shock tube is a facility which simulates explosive blast waves to load test specimens with consistency, control and repeatability. Shock-tube tests provide an economic means to simulate relativ
17、ely long-duration blast shock waves representing the effects of large explosive devices at some distance. The results can be assessed against broadly comparable arena tests. Structural response to air-blast loading is dependent upon specimen size and edge constraint as well as material composition a
18、nd thickness. The classifications and test results derived by using this International Standard can be used in conjunction with calculation procedures and further validation tests on framed glass during the process of designing complete glazing systems against explosive threats. INTERNATIONAL STANDA
19、RD ISO 16934:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Glass in building Explosion-resistant security glazing Test and classification by shock-tube loading 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a shock tube test method and classification requirements for explosion- pressure-resistant glazing, i
20、ncluding glazing fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials, and film-backed glass. This International Standard provides a structured procedure to determine the blast resistance and the hazard rating of glazing and glazing systems. This Inte
21、rnational Standard sets out procedures to classify such security glazing sheet materials by means of tests on specimens of a standard size in a standard frame for the purpose of comparing their relative explosion resistance and hazard rating. The procedures and test method can also be used to test,
22、but not classify, glazing systems where the sheet infill is incorporated into frames purposely designed as complete products of appropriate size for installation into buildings. This International Standard applies a method of test and classifications against blast waves generated in a shock tube fac
23、ility to simulate high-explosive detonations of approximately 30 kg to 2 500 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) at distances from about 35 m to 50 m. The classifications approximately represent the reflected pressures and impulses that are experienced by these equivalent threat levels on the face of a larg
24、e building facade positioned perpendicular to the path of the blast waves. Classification is defined in terms of both blast shock-wave characteristics, expressed in terms of peak reflected pressure, impulse, positive phase duration and wave-form parameter (decay coefficient), and rating criteria, ex
25、pressed in terms of degrees of glazing damage and fragment impact hazard. Classifications and ratings are assigned based upon the performance of the glazing and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test has taken place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and r
26、ating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air-blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury. 2 Normative references The following referenced docum
27、ents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (har
28、dness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) ISO 16934:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air-blast pressure history description of the pressure of a reflected or free-field air blast, as measured at
29、a point on the surface and consisting of two separate phases: positive phase, which is characterized by a nearly instantaneous rise to a maximum pressure followed by an exponential decay to ambient pressure; negative phase, immediately following the positive phase, during which the pressure decrease
30、s below ambient for a period of time before returning to ambient 3.2 ambient temperature air temperature around the test specimen measured within 30 min of the test 3.3 attack face face of the test specimen intended to face the explosion source 3.4 blast shock wave test pressure wave impinging on th
31、e attack face of the test specimen (defined in the terms below) NOTE The pressure recorded and referred to shall be the peak positive pressure experienced by the test specimen positioned at the end of the shock tube. This is typically a reflected pressure. 3.5 breach any perforation or opening throu
32、gh the test specimen or between the test specimen and the support frame, evident after the test, through which a 10 mm diameter rigid bar can be gently passed without force NOTE An opening may be caused by the glazing sheet in-fill pulling away from the rebate sufficiently to result in a visible gap
33、 that exposes the edge of the sheet. 3.6 cartridge paper thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings, typically about 130 g/m 23.7 fragment any particle with a united dimension of 25 mm (1 in) or greater as defined in Clause 8 NOTE The united dimension of a glass particle is determined by adding i
34、ts width, length and thickness. Glazing dust, slivers and all other smaller particles are not accounted as fragments. 3.8 fragment collecting mat or surface clean, smooth surface at nominal floor level in the protected area suitable for observing and collecting ejected fragments NOTE It shall extend
35、 over an area of width and of depth from the rear face to the witness panel as defined for a witness area in Clause 6 at a level at least 0,5 m but not exceeding 1,0 m below the bottom edge of the test specimen when that is representative of a typical window. The level of the mat may be adjusted to
36、correspond with the intended level of floor in relation to the position of a non-standard test specimen in the building as defined in Clause 8. ISO 16934:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.9 glazing glass or plastics glazing sheet material, including glass/plastic combinations NOTE Glazing may
37、 also refer to a fenestration assembly in which glass or plastic sheet infill is set in and is complete with a framing system for installation into a building. 3.10 impulse I posarea under the positive phase of the pressure-time trace NOTE 1 This is usually obtained by automatic electronic numerical
38、 integration of the gauge readings. This is also sometimes called the specific positive phase impulse. If sharp irregularities in the recorded trace result in non- representative transient dips into negative pressure or the negative phase is absent, the positive phase impulse should be calculated ov
39、er the period of the mean pressure-time trace duration. NOTE 2 Different subscripts may be used for the blast parameters, as described in Annex A. For example, the positive phase impulse, I pos , may be denoted I cwhere it denotes the classification impulse or I twhere it denotes the impulse calcula
40、ted from the measured test values. 3.11 peak pressure P maxinitial peak positive reflected pressure above ambient atmospheric pressure experienced at the attack surface of the test specimen following an instantaneous rise at the time of arrival of the shock front NOTE If the measured pressure-time t
41、race has sharp spikes or irregularities, the trace should be smoothed to produce a pressure-time trace that closely matches the mean path of the recorded trace. The peak pressure, P max , of relevance is the resulting smoothed value at the time of arrival. 3.12 positive phase duration t posduration
42、of the positive phase of the mean pressure-time trace NOTE The mean pressure-time trace should have positive phase duration, waveform and peak pressure such that the area under this curve equals the positive phase impulse obtained by direct integration of the original recorded trace. The duration ca
43、n normally be derived by reference to the time of the peak of the impulse-time curve. 3.13 pressure-time wave trace pressure values plotted against time NOTE The instantaneous rise at the shock front to the peak positive pressure, P max , is followed by a non-linear decay to ambient pressure over a
44、time called the positive phase duration. The shape of the decay curve may be modelled by an exponential decay curve having a decay coefficient, A, also known as a waveform parameter. In a free-field blast, a period of negative pressure then follows for a period of time before returning to ambient. W
45、ithin the confines of a shock tube, this period of negative pressure is sometimes absent or reduced in value. 3.14 protected area area on the side of the test specimen away from the source of the shock wave 3.15 rear face protected area side of the test specimen opposite to the attack face ISO 16934
46、:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.16 reflected pressure pressure experienced by a surface which obstructs the flow of a blast wave NOTE The shock wave moving through the air impacts the test specimen and is “reflected”, producing a pressure on the surface having a value higher than would have
47、 occurred within an unobstructed flow or on the side of a target parallel to the direction of travel of the pressure wave. 3.17 test specimen sample of glazing submitted for test 3.18 witness panel panel of deformable material positioned behind the test specimen in order to register the incidence of
48、 material forcibly detached from the test specimen during test NOTE The composition and location of the witness panel is described in Clause 6. 3.19 witness panel perforations any holes in the surface of the witness panel caused by impact of any material as a result of the blast NOTE The number, siz
49、e and depth of penetration of such perforations can be used as a guide to the injury potential of material detached from the test specimen. 3.20 witness panel indents any detectable deformation of the surface of the witness panel caused by impact of any material as a result of the blast 4 Classification and hazard rating A hazard rating is applied to glazing based on its performance under the classification blast conditions chosen for the test. The rating is specific only to those blast conditions. Hazard rating criteria are de
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