ISO 17096-2015 Cranes - Safety - Load lifting attachments《起重机 安全 荷载提升附属装置》.pdf

1、 ISO 2015 Cranes Safety Load lifting attachments Appareils de levage charge suspendue Scurit Accessoires de prhension INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17096 First edition 2015-08-01 Reference number ISO 17096:2015(E) ISO 17096:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, P

2、ublished in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Per

3、mission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 17096:2015(E)Foreword iv

4、 Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 7 4.1 General requirements . 7 4.1.1 Mechanical load bearing parts . 7 4.1.2 Controls 7 4.1.3 Handles 7 4.1.4 Requirements for slings which are integrated . 7 4.1.5 Stability dur

5、ing storage 8 4.2 Specific requirements for each category of attachment 8 4.2.1 Plate clamps . 8 4.2.2 Vacuum lifters . 8 4.2.3 Lifting magnets .10 4.2.4 C-hooks 11 4.2.5 Lifting forks .11 4.2.6 Lifting beams 12 4.2.7 Clamps .13 5 V erification of the safety r equir ements and/or measur es 14 5.1 Ge

6、neral 14 5.2 Proof of fatigue strength by testing 18 5.3 Minimum classification .19 6 Information for use .19 6.1 Instruction handbook 19 6.1.1 General information .19 6.1.2 Specific information .19 6.1.3 Guidance for maintenance 22 6.1.4 Verifications and inspections .23 6.2 Marking 23 6.2.1 Genera

7、l.23 6.2.2 Minimum marking .23 6.2.3 Additional marking .23 Annex A (normative) Gener al v erification methods .25 Annex B (normative) V erification methods for plat e clamps 27 Annex C (normative) V erification methods for v acuum filt ers 31 Annex D (normative) V erification methods for lifting ma

8、gnets 37 Annex E (normative) V erification methods for lifting beams 42 Annex F (normative) V erification methods for lifting for ks .44 Annex G (normative) V erification methods for clamps .45 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 17096:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organizat

9、ion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h

10、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The

11、 procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the ed

12、itorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent r

13、ights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an

14、explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this

15、 document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 9, Bridge and gantry cranes.iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO 17096:2015(E) Introduction This International Standard covers a wide range of non-fixed load lifting attachments which have never previously been standardized by ISO. The lack of previous

16、standards as a starting point, together with the wide scope of the equipment covered and the wide variety of current practices, among the established manufacturers made this International Standard particularly difficult to draft and to get agreement on. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been m

17、ade up to the point where the parties involved are now sufficiently in agreement to enable the first draft of this International Standard to be prepared. The ISO technical subcommittee SC 9 which is responsible for the preparation of this International Standard is of the view that while further deve

18、lopment may be required, this International Standard, in its present form, contains much useful information to guide the manufacturers and it represents an important step forward. Experience of applying this International Standard will doubtless reveal some matters which, with the benefit of hindsig

19、ht, have not been adequately dealt with and will need to be reconsidered in the next edition. In particular, readers are advised to exercise a degree of caution about the rigour of some of the verification clauses. ISO 2015 All rights reserved v Cranes Safety Load lifting attachments 1 Scope This In

20、ternational Standard specifies safety requirements for the following non-fixed load lifting attachments for cranes, hoists, and manually controlled load manipulating devices as defined in Clause 3: plate clamps; vacuum lifters; self priming, non-self-priming (pump, venturi, turbine); electric liftin

21、g magnets (battery-fed and main-fed); permanent lifting magnets; electro-permanent lifting magnets; lifting beams/spreader beams; C-hooks; lifting forks; clamps. This International Standard does not specify the additional requirements for the following: a) load lifting attachments in direct contact

22、with foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals requiring a high level of cleanliness for hygiene reasons; b) hazards resulting from handling hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, hot molten masses, radiating materials); c) hazards caused by operation in an explosive atmosphere; d) hazards caused by noise; e) el

23、ectrical hazards; f) hazards due to hydraulic and pneumatic components. This International Standard does not cover attachments intended to lift people. This International Standard does not cover slings, ladles, expanding mandrels, buckets, grabs or grab buckets, and container spreaders. 2 Normative

24、references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli

25、es. ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General ISO 4309, Cranes Wire ropes Care and maintenance, inspection and discard INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 17096:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1 ISO 17096:2015(E) ISO 4778, Chain slings of welded construction Grades M (4), S (6) and T (8) ISO 7531,

26、Wire rope slings for general purposes Characteristics and specifications ISO 7593, Chain slings assembled by methods other than welding Grade T (8) ISO 7731, Ergonomics Danger signals for public and work areas Auditory danger signals ISO 8686, Cranes Design principles for loads and load combinations

27、 ISO 11428, Ergonomics Visual danger signals General requirements, design and testing ISO 11429, Ergonomics System of auditory and visual danger and information signals ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Part 1: Risk assessment and risk reduction ISO 13854, Safety of m

28、achinery Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body ISO 20332, Cranes Proof of competence of steel structures IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines EN 1492-1, Textile slings Safety Part 1: Flat woven webbing slin

29、gs made of man-made fibres for general purpose use EN 1492-2, Textile slings Safety Part 2: Roundslings made of man-made fibres for general purpose use EN 1492-4, Textile slings Safety Part 4: Lifting slings for general service made from natural and man- made fibre ropes 3 T erms a nd definiti ons F

30、or the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1, ISO 12100, and the following apply. 3.1 adhesion force force required to remove the load from a vacuum lifter (3.21) at the upper limit of specified pressure range 3.2 C-ho ok equipment in the form of a “C” used for lif

31、ting hollow loads EXAMPLE Coils and pipes among others. F i g u r e 1 E x a m p l e o f a C - h o o k2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO 17096:2015(E) 3.3 design factor arithmetic ratio between the minimum failure load of the lifting attachment and its working load limit (WLL) (3.22) 3.4 clamp equipm

32、ent used to handle loads by clamping on a specific part of the load Figure 2 Example of a clamp 3.5 exclusion area area from which persons are excluded for the purpose of safety whilst lifting operations are in progress 3.6 exposure area area where personnel may be exposed to hazards arising from a

33、lifting operation 3.7 i nd i v idu a l ve r i f ic at ion verification carried out on every item produced 3.8 lif t ing b eam equipment consisting of one or several members equipped with various attachment points in order to distribute the force as required by the characteristics of the handled load

34、s F i g u r e 3 E x a m p l e o f a l i f t i n g b e a m ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3 ISO 17096:2015(E) 3.9 l i f t i n g f o rk s equipment consisting of two or more arms connected to an upright with an upper arm used to lift palletized or similar loads F i g u r e 4 E x a m p l e o f l i f t i

35、n g f o rk s 3.10 lifting magnet Figure 5 Example of a lifting magnet 3.10.1 electric lifting magnet equipment with a magnetic field generated by an electric current creating sufficient force for gripping, holding, and handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties 3.10.2 permanent lifting magnet equ

36、ipment with a permanent magnetic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding, and handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field or load holding is controlled by mechanical means. 3.10.3 electro-permanent lifting magnet equipment with a permanent mag

37、netic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding, and handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field is controlled by an electric current which is not required to sustain the magnetic field. 3.11 m i n i m u m w o rk i n g l o a d minimum load that

38、the non-fixed load lifting attachment (3.13) is designed to lift under the conditions specified by the manufacturer4 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO 17096:2015(E) 3.12 no-go area area from which persons are excluded during normal operation 3.13 n o n - f i x e d l o a d l i f t i n g a t t a c h m

39、e n t lifting attachment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a crane, hoist, or manually controlled manipulating device by the user without affecting the integrity of the crane, hoist, or manually controlled manipulating device 3.14 plate clamps non

40、-powered gripping device designed for lifting and turning plates or sections Note 1 to entry: The gripping action or clamping force is achieved with a mechanical leverage or cam action enabling the cam to clamp (3.4) the section on to a pad. Note 2 to entry: Vertical plate clamps are used to lift pl

41、ates or sections in a vertical plane or from the horizontal to the vertical plane. Note 3 to entry: Horizontal plate clamps are used to lift plates in a horizontal plane. Figure 6 Example of plate clamps 3.15 positive holding device device making a direct mechanical connection to hold the load and w

42、hich does not rely solely on friction, suction, or magnetic adhesion to hold the load 3.16 secondary positive holding device device to hold loads if the primary holding means fails and which does not rely on friction, suction, or magnetic adhesion to the load 3.17 tear-off force force applied at a r

43、ight angle to the plane of the magnet poles which is required to detach the load from the switched-on magnet 3.18 tongs equipment for lifting loads by clamping forces, positive locking, or by frictional connection and positive locking which act between gripping elements such as tongs arms or jaws, p

44、ressure plates, or centres 3.19 two-action control control which, in order to be operative, requires the performance of two separate actions with one or two hands, such as the following: ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5 ISO 17096:2015(E) a) operation of two separate hold-to-run controls; b) sequential

45、 operation of two movements of a control device; c) previous unlocking of the control with self-locking in the neutral position 3.20 t y p e ve r i f ic at ion verification carried out on one or more samples representative of a particular design and size of product before it is first placed on the m

46、arket Note 1 to entry: Although the term “type verification” is normally associated with series produced equipment, for the purpose of this International Standard, it also applies to single unit produced attachment. 3.21 vacuum lifter suction pad equipment which includes one or more suction pads ope

47、rating by vacuum 3.21.1 self-priming vacuum lifter vacuum lifter (3.21) using the load to create the vacuum Figure 7 Example of a self-priming vacuum lifter 3.21.2 non-self-priming vacuum lifter vacuum lifter (3.21) using an external source of energy Figure 8 Example of a non-self-priming vacuum lif

48、ter 3.22 w o rk i n g l o a d l i m i t WLL maximum load the load lifting attachment is designed to lift under the conditions specified by the manufacturer6 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO 17096:2015(E) 4 Safety requirements and/or measures 4.1 General requirements The attachment shall comply with

49、the safety requirements and/or measures of this subclause. In addition, the attachment shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant hazards which are not dealt with by this International Standard. 4.1.1 Mechanical load bearing parts 4.1.1.1 Requirements for static strength The mechanical load bearing parts shall have a mechanical strength to fulfil the following requirements: a) the attachment shall be designed to withs