1、 ISO 2012 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 6: Rotating lasers Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site des instruments godsiques et dobservation Partie 6: Lasers rotatifs INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-6 Second editi
2、on 2012-06-01 Reference number ISO 17123-6:2012(E) ISO 17123-6:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica
3、l, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org
4、 Published in Switzerland ISO 17123-6:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 General . 2 4.1 Requirements . 2 4.2 Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure 2 4.3 Procedure 2: Full test procedu
5、re 2 5 Simplified test procedure 4 5.1 Configuration of the test field 4 5.2 Measurements 5 5.3 Calculation 5 6 Full test procedure 5 6.1 Configuration of the test line 5 6.2 Measurements 6 6.3 Calculation 7 6.4 Statistical tests .12 7 Influence quantities and combined standard uncertainty evaluatio
6、n (T ype A and T ype B) .14 Annex A (informative) Example of the simplified test procedure 16 Annex B (informative) Example of the full test procedure 19 Annex C (informative) Example for the calculation of an uncertainty budget .23 Bibliography .27 ISO 17123-6:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the Internationa
7、l Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been es
8、tablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardi
9、zation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for vot
10、ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all suc
11、h patent rights. ISO 17123-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17123-6:2003), which has been technically revised. ISO 17123 consists of the follo
12、wing parts, under the general title Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part 1: Theory Part 2: Levels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to reflectors) Part 5: Total stations Part 6: Rotating laser
13、s Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments Part 8: GNSS field measurement systems in real-time kinematic (RTK) Annexes A, B and C of this part of ISO 17123 are for information only. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 17123-6:2012(E) Introduction This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures for ado
14、ption when determining and evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic instruments and their ancillary equipment, when used in building and surveying measuring tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of suitability of a particular instrument fo
15、r the immediate task. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. The definition and concept of uncertainty as a quantitative attribute to the final result of measurement was developed mainly in the last two decades, even though err
16、or analysis has already long been a part of all measurement sciences. After several stages, the CIPM (Comit Internationale des Poids et Mesures) referred the task of developing a detailed guide to ISO. Under the responsibility of the ISO Technical Advisory Group on Metrology (TAG 4), and in conjunct
17、ion with six worldwide metrology organizations, a guidance document on the expression of measurement uncertainty was compiled with the objective of providing rules for use within standardization, calibration, laboratory, accreditation and metrology services. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 was first published as
18、 the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) in 1995. With the introduction of uncertainty in measurement in ISO 17123 (all parts), it is intended to finally provide a uniform, quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty in geodetic metrology with the aim of meeting the re
19、quirements of customers. ISO 17123 (all parts) provides not only a means of evaluating the precision (experimental standard deviation) of an instrument, but also a tool for defining an uncertainty budget, which allows for the summation of all uncertainty components, whether they are random or system
20、atic, to a representative measure of accuracy, i.e. the combined standard uncertainty. ISO 17123 (all parts) therefore provides, for defining for each instrument investigated by the procedures, a proposal for additional, typical influence quantities, which can be expected during practical use. The c
21、ustomer can estimate, for a specific application, the relevant standard uncertainty components in order to derive and state the uncertainty of the measuring result. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 6: R
22、otating lasers 1 Scope This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision (repeatability) of rotating lasers and their ancillary equipment when used in building and surveying measurements for levelling tasks. Primarily, these tests are inten
23、ded to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature. This part of ISO 17123 can be
24、 thought of as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a number of parameters. Therefore this part of ISO 17123 differentiates between different measures of accu
25、racy and objectives in testing, like repeatability and reproducibility (between-day repeatability), and of course gives a thorough assessment of all possible error sources, as prescribed by ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO 17123-1. These field procedures have been developed specifically for in situ applic
26、ations without the need for special ancillary equipment and are purposefully designed to minimize atmospheric influences. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undate
27、d references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building Setting-out and measurement Part 1: Planning and
28、organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria ISO 7077, Measuring methods for building General principles and procedures for the verification of dimensional compliance ISO 7078, Building construction Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying Vocabulary and guidance notes ISO 98
29、49, Optics and optical instruments Geodetic and surveying instruments Vocabulary ISO 17123-1, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory ISO 17123-2, Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying
30、instruments Part 2: Levels ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) INTERNA TIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 17123-6:2012(E
31、) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 17123-6:2012(E) 3 T erms and definitio ns For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 4463-1, ISO 7077, ISO 7078, ISO 9849, ISO 17123-1, ISO 17123-2, ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 and ISO/IEC Guide 99 apply. 4 General 4.1 Requiremen
32、ts Before commencing surveying, it is important that the operator investigates that the precision in use of the measuring equipment is appropriate to the intended measuring task. The rotating laser and its ancillary equipment shall be in known and acceptable states of permanent adjustment according
33、to the methods specified in the manufacturers handbook, and used with tripods and levelling staffs as recommended by the manufacturer. The results of these tests are influenced by meteorological conditions, especially by the temperature gradient. An overcast sky and low wind speed guarantee the most
34、 favourable weather conditions. The particular conditions to be taken into account may vary depending on the location where the tasks are to be undertaken. Note should also be taken of the actual weather conditions at the time of measurements and the type of surface above which the measurements are
35、performed. The conditions chosen for the tests should match those expected when the intended measuring task is actually carried out (see ISO 7077 and ISO 7078). This part of ISO 17123 describes two different field procedures as given in Clauses 5 and 6. The operator shall choose the procedure which
36、is most relevant to the projects particular requirements. 4.2 Procedure 1: Simplified test procedure The simplified test procedure provides an estimate as to whether the precision of a given item of rotating-laser equipment is within the specified permitted deviation, according to ISO 4463-1. This t
37、est procedure is normally intended for checking the precision (see ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15) of a rotating laser to be used for area levelling applications, for tasks where measurements with unequal site lengths are common practice, e.g. building construction sites. The simplified test procedure
38、is based on a limited number of measurements. Therefore, a significant standard deviation and the standard uncertainty (Type A), respectively, cannot be obtained. If a more precise assessment of the rotating laser under field conditions is required, it is recommended to adopt the more rigorous full
39、test procedure as given in Clause 6. This test procedure relies on having a test field with height differences which are accepted as true values. If such a test field is not available, it is necessary to determine the unknown height differences (see Figures 1 and 2), using an optical level of accura
40、cy (see ISO 17123-2) higher than the rotating laser required for the measuring task. If, however, a test field with known height differences cannot be established, it will be necessary to apply the full test procedure as given in Clause 6. If no levelling instrument is available, the rotating laser
41、to be tested can be used to determine the true values by measuring height differences between all points with central setups. At each setup, two height differences have to be observed by rotating the laser plane by 180. The mean value of repeated readings in both positions will provide the height di
42、fferences which are accepted as true. 4.3 Procedure 2: Full test procedure The full test procedure shall be adopted to determine the best achievable measure of precision of a particular rotating laser and its ancillary equipment under field conditions, by a single survey team. Further, this test pro
43、cedure serves to determine the deflective deviation, a, and both components, b 1and b 2 , of the deviation of the rotating axis from the true vertical, bb b 1 2 2 2 , of the rotating laser (see Figure 1). 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 17123-6:2012(E) a) Horizontal plane (top view) b) V er t ic
44、al plane t hr ough x (side view) Key 1 inclined plane 2 cone axis 3 inclined cone F igure 1 Deflec t iv e d e viat ions a and b (see Figure 5) The recommended measuring distances within the test field (see Figure 3) are 40 m. Sight lengths greater than 40 m may be adopted for this precision-in-use t
45、est only, where the project specification may dictate, or where it is determining the range of the measure of precision of a rotating laser at respective distances. The test procedure given in Clause 6 of this part of ISO 17123 is intended for determining the measure of precision in use of a particu
46、lar rotating laser. This measure of precision in use is expressed in terms of the experimental standard deviation, s, of a height difference between the instrument level and a levelling staff (reading at the staff) at a distance of 40 m. This experimental standard deviation corresponds to the standa
47、rd uncertainty of Type A: su ISO-ROLASI SO-ROLAS Further, this procedure may be used to determine: the standard uncertainty as a measure of precision in use of rotating lasers by a single survey team with a single instrument and its ancillary equipment at a given time; ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3
48、 ISO 17123-6:2012(E) the standard uncertainty as a measure of precision in use of a single instrument over time and differing environmental conditions; the standard uncertainties as a measure of precision in use of several rotating lasers in order to enable a comparison of their respective achievabl
49、e precisions to be obtained under similar field conditions. Statistical tests should be applied to determine whether the experimental standard deviation, s, obtained belongs to the population of the instrumentations theoretical standard deviation, , whether two tested samples belong to the same population, whether the deflective deviation, a, is equal to zero, and whether the deviation, b, of the rotating axis from the true vertical of the rotating laser is equal to zero. 5
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