1、 ISO 2016 Timber structures Test method Static load tests for horizontal diaphragms including floors and roofs Structures en bois Mthode dessai Essais de chargement statique pour les diaphragmes horizontaux incluant planchers et toitures INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19049 First edition 2016-05-01 Refe
2、rence number ISO 19049:2016(E) ISO 19049:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic
3、 or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier,
4、Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 19049:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols 1 5 Requirements 2 6 Test method . 2 6.1 Principle 2 6.2 Apparatus 2 6.2.1 General 2 6.2.
5、2 Test assembly 3 6.2.3 Deformation measurement. 3 6.2.4 Load measurement 3 6.3 Test specimens 3 6.3.1 Conditioning 3 6.3.2 Dimensions . 3 6.3.3 Sampling 4 6.4 Test configuration . 4 6.4.1 Cantilever test 4 6.4.2 Simple beam test 5 6.5 Test procedure . 5 6.5.1 Determination of frame stiffness . 5 6.
6、5.2 Test for complete diaphragm 6 7 Calculation 6 7.1 Ultimate shear strength . 6 7.2 Apparent shear stiffness . 6 8 Report 7 Bibliography 9 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 19049:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
7、 national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Int
8、ernational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those i
9、ntended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.
10、iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document wil
11、l be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
12、related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 165, Timber structures, based on ASTM E 455.
13、iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 19049:2016(E) Introduction Horizontal diaphragms including floors and roofs are integral parts of light-frame timber buildings to show resistance against horizontal forces such as winds and earthquakes. Their characteristics such as ultimate shear strength have gr
14、eat effects on the behaviour of timber buildings including horizontal diaphragms as floors and/or roofs under winds or seismic loads. Horizontal diaphragms are those structures which are widely used for timber buildings to form floors and/or roofs. They behave as a simple beam or cantilever beams un
15、der horizontal loads caused by wind or earthquake to transmit forces to the structures or structural members supporting them. Horizontal diaphragms should have enough stiffness and strength that they do not undergo large deflection or failures in parts of the structure. The purpose of this Internati
16、onal Standard is to measure the shear stiffness and strength of horizontal diaphragms as one of the basic parameters to interpret the behaviour of diaphragms under horizontal loads such as winds and earthquakes. The requirements are necessary to replicate the same conditions as those for timber stru
17、ctures in the field. Loads can be applied to the specimen either by compression or tension whichever is relevant. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v Timber structures Test method Static load tests for horizontal diaphragms including floors and roofs 1 Scope This International Standard defines the test m
18、ethod for horizontal diaphragms including floors and horizontal and sloped roofs under static loads. This test method is designated to evaluate the static shear capacity of a typical segment of a diaphragm under applied static loads, and to evaluate the stiffness of the diaphragm assembly. 2 Normati
19、ve references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
20、plies. ISO 13061-2, Physical and mechanical properties of wood Test methods for small clear wood specimens Part 2: Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests 1) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 diaphragm horizon
21、tal and sloped assembly of materials designated to transmit lateral forces to vertical resisting elements or foundations through shear resistances in the plane of the construction Note 1 to entry: A diaphragm is analogous to a horizontal deep beam composed of interconnected membrane elements such as
22、 panels, sheathings, or claddings acting as the deep beam web, intermediate elements such as joists or rafters acting as web stiffeners, and perimeter boundary elements such as girders or header joists acting as deep beam chords. 4 Symbols E modulus of elasticity of flange or web material, depending
23、 upon which material is held constant in a transformed section analysis (MPa) G apparent shear stiffness, which is shear stiffness of the diaphragm obtained from test (N/mm) I moment of inertia of the transformed section of the diaphragm based on webs or flanges (mm 4 ) L total span of a simply supp
24、orted diaphragm (mm) P concentrated load (N) R u maximum diaphragm reaction (N) S u ultimate shear strength of the diaphragm (N/m) a span length of cantilever diaphragm (mm) 1) Replaces ISO 3131:1975. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 19049:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 19049:2016(E) b depth
25、of diaphragm (mm) b bending deflection of diaphragm (mm) S apparent total shear deformation of the diaphragm based on test, which includes both the pure shear deformation and that contributed by distortion of the connection system (mm) t total deflection of diaphragm (mm) 1,2 deformation measured at
26、 points 1, 2, (mm) 5 Requirements The materials used to construct diaphragm such as timbers, panels, sheathings, claddings, and fasteners shall be, as far as possible, of the quality allowed by the relevant specification. 6 Test method 6.1 Principle The lateral force applied to a horizontal diaphrag
27、m is resisted by in-plane shear capacity of the web material of the diaphragm and transmitted to the supporting structures such as shear walls, columns, beams, girders or foundations as shown in Figure 1. The diaphragm assembly, which is assumed to act as a deep beam, spans between shear walls, mome
28、nt frames, or other constructions that can furnish the end or intermediate reactions to the system. The chord members of the assembly perpendicular to the direction of applied load act as flanges of the deep beam, and the panels covering the frames act as the web of the deep beam, and the framing me
29、mbers such as joists or rafters act as web stiffeners. The test methods evaluate the shear capacity and stiffness of the diaphragm by applying static bending loads to the simple beam or cantilever-type test specimens. Figure 1 Schematic drawing of simple span diaphragm 6.2 Apparatus 6.2.1 General Th
30、e test apparatus shown in Figures 2 and 3 shall be capable of producing the boundary conditions that are intended in the test method.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 19049:2016(E) The testing machine shall be capable of applying and continuously recording load and displacement with an accuracy of
31、1 % of the estimates of P maxand maxor better. 6.2.2 Test assembly The diaphragm test assembly shall consist of a frame or framing system on which the elements comprising the web of the diaphragm are placed. The frame is a part of the test assembly and shall consist of members of the same or similar
32、 materials as those intended for use in the prototype construction. The frame shall be calibrated to establish its load-deformation characteristics before attaching the web elements. If the frame has a stiffness equal to or less than 2 % of the total diaphragm assembly, no adjustment of test results
33、 for frame resistance needs to be made. However, if the frame stiffness is greater than 2 % of the total assembly, the test results shall be adjusted to compensate for frame resistance. The web elements shall be fastened to the frame in a manner equivalent to their attachment in the field. The assem
34、bly may be tested horizontally or vertically (for roof diaphragm, test with sloped position may be selected). Either a cantilever or a simple span diaphragm assembly shall be used, with concentrated or distributed loading. When tested as a simple span diaphragm assembly in the vertical orientation,
35、the self-weight of the diaphragm shall be taken account of in the calculation of strength and stiffness. 6.2.3 Deformation measurement The base of the test frame shall provide a level foundation for the test specimen, and shall be relatively stiff so that its deflections shall be negligible. A rigid
36、 datum (independent of the test frame) shall be provided for the measurement of the deformation of the diaphragm specimen. Dial gages or other deformation measuring devices shall be attached to the specimen as shown in Figures 2 and 3, and shall record the displacement continuously with an accuracy
37、of 1 % of the displacement, or for displacement less than 2 mm with an accuracy of 0,1 mm. NOTE 1 Refer to ASTM E455 for deflection equation under various loading configurations. NOTE 2 The required displacement measurement accuracy for displacement measurements less than 2 mm is reduced as this is
38、not critical to the test and allows commonly available displacement gauges to be used. 6.2.4 Load measurement Loads shall be applied by hydraulic jacks that have been previously calibrated, or by other suitable types of loading apparatus. Load measuring devices shall be accurate to within 2 %. 6.3 T
39、est specimens 6.3.1 Conditioning The specimens shall be conditioned at the controlled environment of (20 2) C temperature and (65 5) % relative humidity according to ISO 554 as far as possible. The test laboratory shall normally be maintained at the controlled environment, but when other conditions
40、apply, they shall be reported. The density of wood materials in the diaphragm specimen shall be determined in accordance with ISO 13061-2. 6.3.2 Dimensions The dimensions (e.g. width and length), configuration (e.g. openings), and fabrication details (e.g. member sizes and spacings, tolerances) shal
41、l be representative of the intended use. Where panels are connected to form a diaphragm, diaphragm specimens shall consist of a single or multiple panels of the representative dimensions. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO 19049:2016(E) Some diaphragm configurations may have joints between diaphragm
42、 units. Those joints should be considered for inclusion in test specimens. 6.3.3 Sampling Sampling shall provide for selection of representative test material on an objective and unbiased basis, covering an appropriate range in physical and mechanical properties. The number of replicates should be s
43、elected to achieve the specific objectives and desired reliability. 6.4 Test configuration 6.4.1 Cantilever test A pinned frame reaction at corner (C) shall be provided to transfer the horizontal force, P, through the diaphragm into the support system as shown in Figure 2. The pin shall be located a
44、s close as possible to the web-to-frame contact plane to minimize warping of the diaphragm surface. A vertical reaction roller or rollers shall be provided in the diaphragm plane at corner (D). The frame shall be laterally supported at adjacent corners (A) and (B) by rollers and at other locations a
45、s necessary to prevent displacement of the diaphragm from the plane of the testing, but not to restrict in-plane displacements. The diaphragm shall be tested on a span length a, as shown in Figure 2, equal to or greater than the typical support spacing likely to be used in the building. The test ass
46、embly shall not be less than 2,4 m in either length or width, nor shall it contain less than four elements if the diaphragm consists of individual elements. The diaphragm shall contain typical end and side joints for the elements. When it is expected that the direction of web elements affects the te
47、st results, the diaphragm with web elements installed perpendicular to load direction shall be distinguished from the diaphragm with web elements installed parallel to load direction. Key 1 to 4 dial gage or other deformation measuring device Figure 2 Cantilever diaphragm test with a concentrated lo
48、ad for horizontal diaphragm; Lateral restraint devices are not shown4 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 19049:2016(E) 6.4.2 Simple beam test In-plane reactions shall be provided at points (C) and (D) as shown in Figure 3 to resist the applied test loads. The frame shall be supported with rollers at p
49、oints (A), (B), (C) and (D), and under each loading point. The rollers shall be provided on both sides of the specimen to prevent displacement of the specimen from the plane of testing but not to restrict in-plane displacement. The length and depth of the diaphragm shall be as shown in Figure 3, where the dimensions a and b have the same meaning as shown in Figure 2 with a minimum dimension in either case of 2.4m. The diaphragm shall contain typical end and side joints for the elements. NOTE 1 Test results from
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