1、 Reference number ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22846-1 First edition 2003-11-15 Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work quipement individuel de protection contre les chutes Systmes daccs par cor
2、de Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux pour un systme de travail ISO 22846-1:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed t
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6、ion in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserve
7、dISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. E
8、ach member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internati
9、onal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standa
10、rds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
11、 of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22846-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Personal equipment for protection against falls. ISO 22846 consists of
12、the following parts, under the general title Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems: Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work Part 2: Code of practice (in the early stages of preparation) ISO 22846-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedIntroduction Rope acc
13、ess is a system that provides a user with the means, typically using synthetic fibre kernmantel ropes and associated equipment, to gain access to, be supported at, and then as a means of egress from, a place of work for the purpose of carrying out a work task. Rope access has its background in mount
14、aineering and particularly in caving, where it has been well proven, although it relies on only a single rope. For adaptation to the work environment, the techniques and some of the equipment have been modified. The most significant change is the inclusion of a second rope to provide additional safe
15、ty. These modifications allow the system to offer a level of protection to the operatives equal to, or better than, other similar forms of access. In a typical system, one rope (the working line) is used for access and egress (usually ascent and descent) and for support at the workplace. A harness i
16、s attached to the user and specially designed devices are attached to the working line and to the harness. The other rope (the safety line) is connected to the user via a safety device, which travels along the safety line as the user ascends or descends the working line. In the event of a failure of
17、 the working line or any of its components, the safety line protects against a fall and limits the load to the equipment and operative. This is one example of a system. However, the need to provide a basic access system and a back-up system may also be accomplished in other ways. The techniques and
18、equipment used for this purpose may be extended to encompass traversing and aid climbing. The safe use of rope access systems requires competence, normally acquired by training, and confirmed with independent assessment and certification, not only in the use of the system itself, but also in workmat
19、e rescue/retrieval. While this part of ISO 22846 provides the generalized framework for the specification and the operation of rope access, individual countries, states and localities may have particular requirements. These local requirements should be followed in addition to those of this part of I
20、SO 22846. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work 1 Scope This part of ISO 22846 gives the fundamental principles for the use of rope-access method
21、s for work at height. It is intended for use by employers, employees and self-employed persons who use rope-access methods, by those commissioning rope-access work and by rope-access associations. This part of ISO 22846 is applicable to the use of rope-access methods on buildings, other structures (
22、on- or offshore) or natural features (such as cliff faces), during which ropes are suspended from or connected to a structure or natural feature. It is applicable to situations where ropes are used as the primary means of access, egress or support and as the primary means of protection against a fal
23、l. This part of ISO 22846 is not intended to apply to the use of rope-access methods for leisure activities, arboriculture, general steeplejack methods or emergency personal-evacuation systems, or to the use of rope- access (line rescue) techniques by the fire brigade and other emergency services fo
24、r rescue work or for rescue training. Nevertheless, those engaged in other similar activities are likely to benefit from the advice given in this part of ISO 22846, as many of the principles do apply to, and offer good practice for, activities outside this formally defined scope. NOTE This is the fi
25、rst of a planned multi-part series of International Standards for rope access. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aid climbing method of progression in suspension, either by moving from one fixed anchor to another or by the use o
26、f moveable anchors or anchor points 2.2 anchor fixture or place for the attachment of lines or persons 2.3 ascender rope adjustment device which, when attached to a line of appropriate type and diameter, locks under load in one direction and slides freely in the opposite direction NOTE Normally used
27、 for ascending the working line or positioning the operative on it. ISO 22846-1:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved2.4 back-up device rope adjustment device for a safety line of appropriate type and diameter, which accompanies the user during changes of position or allows adjustment of the length
28、 of the safety line, and which locks automatically to the safety line, or only allows gradual movement along it, when a sudden load is applied in one direction, e.g., in the event of a fall 2.5 belay system incorporating a device to control, by friction, a running rope which acts as a brake should t
29、he user experience sudden movement or fall 2.6 competent suitably trained or qualified by knowledge and practical experience to enable the required task or tasks to be carried out properly 2.7 descender manually operated, friction-inducing rope-adjustment device, which, when attached to a line of ap
30、propriate type and diameter, allows the user to achieve a controlled descent NOTE Normally used for descending the working line or positioning the operative on it. 2.8 exclusion zone zone designated to exclude the public from a hazardous area and from the rope-access equipment, or to exclude the ope
31、ratives from a hazardous area unless suitably protected 2.9 lead climbing method of progression, not in suspension, in which the operative is supported by the structure and is protected by a safety line which is passed through intermediate anchors and which is fed out or pulled in by a second operat
32、ive as the first operative progresses NOTE The safety line is incorporated into an independently anchored fall protection/belay system, by which a fall can be arrested with a limited force. 2.10 line length of textile rope or webbing, metallic wire rope or chain, connected at at least one end to a r
33、eliable anchor to provide a means of support, restraint or other safeguard for a person wearing a harness in combination with other devices NOTE A line may be a working line or a safety line. 2.11 rope access technique using ropes, normally incorporating two separately secured systems, one as a mean
34、s of access and the other as back-up security, used with a harness in combination with other devices, for getting to and from the place of work and for work positioning 2.12 safety line line provided as a safeguard to protect against a fall if the user slips or if the primary support (e.g., the work
35、ing line), anchor or positioning mechanism fails NOTE Also known as a “back-up rope” or “back-up line”. ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 32.13 supervisor competent person responsible for implementing and supervising a safe system of rope-access work at a particular worksite 2.14 trav
36、ersing broadly horizontal progression, generally using lead-climbing or aid-climbing techniques or transverse ropes or pulley systems 2.15 working line line used primarily for suspension, work positioning or restraint for both descending and ascending 2.16 workmate rescue/retrieval care and removal
37、by one or more operatives of an incapacitated member of the rope-access work team from a place of danger to a place of safety 2.17 work positioning technique that enables a person to work supported in tension or suspension by personal protective equipment in such a way that a fall from a height is p
38、revented or restricted 2.18 workseat suspended seat, positioned on the working line and not forming part of the back-up/fall-protection system, provided for the comfort of a rope-access operative 3 Principles NOTE The principles listed should not be taken to be exhaustive. 3.1 The main goal of rope-
39、access operations is to ensure that a safe system of work is maintained at all times. The principles described in this clause are some of the key elements for such a safe system of work. There may be other requirements, depending on the work situation and the work task being performed. Key elements
40、of a safe system of work include, but are not limited to, the following: proper management and planning; use of trained, competent persons with proper levels of supervision; selection, maintenance and care of appropriate equipment; proper control of working methods, including the following: arrangem
41、ents for the use of work equipment, provision for emergency procedures, protection of third parties. 3.2 All rope-access work should be planned by a designated person who is responsible for maintaining a safe system of work. 3.3 Before rope-access work commences, hazards identification and risk asse
42、ssment should be carried out to establish the appropriateness of using rope-access techniques and to address any hazard issues. ISO 22846-1:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3.4 Of primary importance is the principle of double protection. It is essential to include the provision of at least one
43、alternative means of support to prevent an operative falling, for example, a working line plus a safety line. This means that, should any one item fail within the suspension system, there is an adequate back-up to prevent an accident. When an operative is in tension or suspension, there should be at
44、 least two independently anchored lines, one primarily as a means of access, egress and support (the working line) and the other as additional back-up security (the safety line). NOTE Where appropriate, the safety line may be replaced by other forms of back-up security, which should be equal to or b
45、etter than the performance of the one it replaces. 3.5 Connection of an operative to the rope-access system should be made in an area where there is no risk of a fall from height, unless there are other means of protection. 3.6 Exclusion zones should be established as appropriate. This might necessi
46、tate establishing exclusion zones at locations other than at the top and the bottom of the rope-access work site. 3.7 The operative should be connected to both the working line and the safety line via an appropriate harness. The two lines may be connected to the same point on the harness. 3.8 The ha
47、rness should be an appropriate sit harness or an appropriate full-body harness. 3.9 The primary connection to the operative of both the working line and the safety line should always be via the harness, even if a workseat is being used. 3.10 The back-up device (on the safety line) should be capable
48、of withstanding any foreseeable forces resulting from the rope access activity, without catastrophic damage to the safety line or the device. NOTE These forces can be minimized by keeping the backup device high to prevent or limit a fall. 3.11 Descender devices or systems should allow a controlled d
49、escent bearing in mind the mass of the user, length of descent, consideration for safety (e.g. fail to safe features), adjustable friction, heat dissipation and for stopping along the line for the purpose of hands-free work. In general, descenders with hands-free “auto stop” capabilities are desirable. 3.12 Measures should be taken to avoid the operative being able to inadvertently descend off the end of the working line or safety line. 3.13 All equipment should be appropriate to its application. It should be inspected
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