ISO 22991-2004 Gas cylinders - Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - Design and construction《储气瓶 液化石油气用可运输的可再填充焊接钢.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22991 First edition 2004-05-01 Gas cylinders Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Design and construction Bouteilles gaz Bouteilles en acier soud transportables et rechargeables pour g

2、az de ptrole liqufi (GPL) Conception et fabrication ISO 22991:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and instal

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5、ease inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writi

6、ng from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 22991:2

7、004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Symbols . 3 5 Materials. 3 6 Design 4 6.1 General requirements . 4 6.2 Calculation of cylindrical shell thickness. 5 6.3 Design of ends concave to pressur

8、e 5 6.4 Ends of other shapes 9 6.5 Minimum wall thickness. 9 6.6 Design of openings. 9 6.7 Valve protection 9 7 Construction and workmanship 10 7.1 Welding qualification 10 7.2 Plates and pressed parts 10 7.3 Welded joints. 10 7.4 Tolerances . 10 7.5 Non-pressure-containing attachments.11 7.6 Valve

9、protection 11 7.7 Closure of openings . 11 7.8 Heat treatment . 11 8 Testing 12 8.1 Mechanical testing 12 8.2 Burst test under hydraulic pressure . 17 8.3 Pressure test . 18 8.4 Radiographic and macro examination18 8.5 Visual examination of the surface of the weld. 20 8.6 Pressure cycling (fatigue)

10、test. 20 9 Acceptance procedure . 21 9.1 General. 21 9.2 Batch testing . 21 9.3 Failure to meet batch test requirements. 23 10 Technical requirements for type approval . 23 11 Marking. 24 12 Certification . 24 Annex A (normative) Manufacturers marking 25 Annex B (informative) Examples of type approv

11、al and production test certificates. 26 ISO 22991:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

12、 through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO col

13、laborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International S

14、tandards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements

15、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22991 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cylinders, Subcommittee SC 3, Cylinder design. ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduc

16、tion This International Standard calls for the use of substances and procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. It has been

17、assumed in the drafting of this International Standard, that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Gas cylinders Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for liquef

18、ied petroleum gas (LPG) Design and construction 1 Scope This International Standard specifies minimum requirements concerning material, design, construction and workmanship, procedure and test at manufacture of transportable refillable welded steel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of water ca

19、pacity up to and including 150 l, exposed to ambient temperatures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docu

20、ment (including any amendments) applies. ISO 643, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size ISO 1106-1:1984, Recommended practice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints Part 1: Fusion welded butt joints in steel plates up to 50 mm thick ISO 1106-3:1984, Recommended p

21、ractice for radiographic examination of fusion welded joints Part 3: Fusion welded circumferential joints in steel pipes of up to 50 mm wall thickness ISO 2504:1973, Radiography of welds and viewing conditions for films Utilization of the recommended patterns of image quality indications (I.Q.I.) IS

22、O 4136, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Transverse tensile test ISO 4978, Flat rolled steel products for welded gas cylinders ISO 5178, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints ISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded jo

23、ints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections ISO 6892, Metallic materials Tensile testing at ambient temperature ISO 7438, Metallic materials Bend test ISO 9606-1, Approval testing of welders Fusion Welding Part 1: Steels ISO 9956-3, Speci

24、fication and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 3: Welding procedure tests for arc welding of steels ISO 10920, Gas cylinders 25E taper thread for connection of valves to gas cylinders Specification ISO 11116-1, Gas cylinders 17E taper thread for connection of valves to gas c

25、ylinders Part 1: Specifications ISO 22991:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 13769, Gas cylinders Stamp marking ISO 14732, Welding personnel Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and of resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials

26、 ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds Visual testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 y

27、ield stress upper yield strength, R eh , or, for steels that do not exhibit a defined yield, the 0,2 % proof stress (non- proportional elongation), R pISO 6892 3.2 normalizing heat treatment in which the cylinder is heated to a uniform temperature above the upper critical point (AC 3 ) of the steel

28、and then cooled in a controlled atmosphere or still air 3.3 stress relieving heat treatment given to the cylinder, the object of which is to reduce the residual stresses without altering the metallurgical structure of the steel, by heating to a uniform temperature below the lower critical point (AC

29、1 ) of the steel and cooling in a controlled atmosphere or still air 3.4 competent body person or corporate body who, by combination of appropriate qualifications, training, experience and resources, is able to make objective judgements on the subject ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 3

30、4 Symbols Table 1 Symbols and their designations and units Symbol Designation Unit a calculated minimum thickness of the cylindrical shell mm A percentage elongation after fracture % b calculated minimum thickness of the end of the cylinder mm C shape factor (see Table 3 and Figure 2) 1 D outside di

31、ameter of the cylinder as given in the design drawing (see Figure 1) mm D poutside diameter of a bend tests former (see Figure 10) mm h height of the cylindrical part of the end (see Figure 1) mm H outside height of the domed part of the end (see Figure 1) mm J stress reduction factor 1 L length of

32、the cylinder mm L ooriginal gauge length of the test piece in accordance with ISO 6892 mm n ratio of diameter of bend test former to the thickness of the test piece (see Table 4) 1 P ccalculation pressure used to calculate the minimum required thickness of the cylindrical shell and ends (see 6.1.3)

33、bar P bmaximum pressure attained during the burst test bar P tactual test pressure, applied to the cylinder by the manufacturer bar P tminminimum permissible test pressure bar r inside knuckle radius of the end mm R inside dishing radius of the end mm R gminimum guaranteed tensile strength MPa R 0mi

34、nimum value of yield stress guaranteed by the cylinder manufacturer for the finished cylinder MPa R mactual value of tensile strength determined by the tensile test specified in 8.1.2.2 MPa NOTE 1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2= 10 bar. 5 Materials 5.1 Materials for shells and end pressings shall either conform to

35、ISO 4978 or to another equivalent material specification meeting the requirements of Table 2. NOTE “Materials” refers to materials in the state before any specific transformation with regard to the manufacturing process. 5.2 All parts welded to the cylinder shall be made of compatible material. 5.3

36、The welding consumables shall be such that they are capable of giving consistent welds with minimum tensile strength at least equal to that specified for the parent materials in the finished cylinder. 5.4 The cylinder manufacturer shall have certificates of the ladle analysis and mechanical properti

37、es of the steel supplied for the construction of the pressure-retaining parts of the cylinder. 5.5 The manufacturer shall maintain a system of identification for the materials used in fabrication in order that all materials for pressure parts in the completed cylinder be traceable to its origin. ISO

38、 22991:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedTable 2 Material requirements Element Limits % max. Materials, other than those given in ISO 4978, used for the fabrication of gas cylinders, shall be of weldable quality and the following limits shall not be exceeded in the cast analysis: Carbon 0,22 Sil

39、icon 0,45 Manganese 1,60 Phosphorus 0,025 Sulfur 0,020 Phosphorus plus sulfur 0,040 Use of micro-alloying elements such as niobium, titanium and vanadium shall be confined to the following contents: Niobium 0,08 Titanium 0,20 Vanadium 0,20 Niobium plus vanadium 0,20 Where other micro-alloying elemen

40、ts are used, their presence and amounts shall be reported, together with the above, in the steel manufacturers certificate. Should check analyses be required, they shall be carried out either on specimens taken, during manufacture, from material in the form as supplied by the steel maker to the cyli

41、nder manufacturer or from finished cylinders. 6 Design 6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 The calculation of the wall thickness of the pressure parts intended to resist the internal pressure in the gas cylinders shall be related to the yield stress of the material. 6.1.2 For calculation purposes, the va

42、lue of the yield stress R 0is limited to a maximum of 0,85R g . 6.1.3 The internal pressure upon which the calculation of the wall thickness of gas cylinders is based shall be the calculation pressure P c . a) For cylinders for commercial butane service only P c= P tmin= 15 bar; b) For all other LPG

43、 cylinders P c= P tmin= 30 bar. 6.1.4 A fully dimensional drawing including the specification of the material shall be produced. ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 56.2 Calculation of cylindrical shell thickness The wall thickness of the cylindrical shell shall be not less than that calc

44、ulated using the formula: o 4 3 c 20 cRJ PD a P = + for cylinders with a longitudinal weld: J = 0,9; for cylinders without a longitudinal weld: J = 1,0. In no case shall the actual thickness be less than that specified in 6.5. 6.3 Design of ends concave to pressure 6.3.1 Except as permitted by 6.4,

45、the shape of ends of gas cylinders shall be such that the following conditions are fulfilled: for torispherical ends: R u D; r W 0,1 D; h W 4b see Figure 1a); for semi-ellipsoidal ends: H W 0,2 D; h W 4b see Figure 1b). 6.3.2 The wall thickness of the ends of gas cylinders shall be not less than tha

46、t calculated using the formula: o c 20 c 4 3 R PDC b P = +In this formula, C is a shape factor, the value of which depends on the ratio H/D. The value of C shall be obtained from Table 3 and the graphs in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The graph in Figure 2 details the value of C in relation to the ratio b/

47、D. ISO 22991:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rights reservedKey 1 torispherical end 2 semi-ellipsoidal end NOTE For torispherical ends: () () () () 222 H Rb Rb Rb rb =+ DDFigure 1 Illustration of cylinder ends concave to pressure Table 3 Relationship between H/D and shape factor C H/D C H/D C 0,25 1,000 0,38

48、 0,612 0,26 0,931 0,39 0,604 0,27 0,885 0,40 0,596 0,28 0,845 0,41 0,588 0,29 0,809 0,42 0,581 0,30 0,775 0,43 0,576 0,31 0,743 0,44 0,572 0,32 0,713 0,45 0,570 0,33 0,687 0,46 0,568 0,34 0,667 0,47 0,566 0,35 0,649 0,48 0,565 0,36 0,633 0,49 0,564 0,37 0,621 0,50 0,564 NOTE Intermediate values may

49、be obtained by linear interpolation. ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 7Key X H/D ratio Y shape factor C Figure 2 Values of shape factor C for H/D between 0,2 and 0,25 ISO 22991:2004(E) 8 ISO 2004 All rights reservedKey X H/D ratio Y shape factor C Figure 3 Values of shape factor C for H/D between 0,25 and 0,5 ISO 22991:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 96.4 Ends of other shapes Ends of shapes other than th