ISO 5603-2011 Rubber vulcanized - Determination of adhesion to wire cord《硫化橡胶 与钢丝绳粘合强度的测定》.pdf

1、 Reference numberISO 5603:2011(E)ISO 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5603Third edition2011-09-01Rubber, vulcanized Determination of adhesion to wire cord Caoutchouc vulcanis Dtermination de ladhrence un cble mtallique ISO 5603:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless o

2、therwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyr

3、ight office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedISO 5603:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 P

4、rinciple . 2 4 Materials . 2 5 Apparatus . 2 6 Calibration 3 7 Test piece . 3 8 Procedure . 5 9 Expression of results 5 10 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Calibration schedule 15 ISO 5603:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a

5、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented

6、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are draft

7、ed in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stan

8、dard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5603 was prepared by

9、 Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5603:2007), of which it constitutes a minor revision designed to add a calibration schedule (see Annex A). INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5

10、603:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Rubber, vulcanized Determination of adhesion to wire cord WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its

11、use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT Certain procedures specified in this International Standard may involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of

12、 waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two methods for determining the adhesion strength of vulcanized rubber to wire cord which is embedd

13、ed in the rubber. The two methods do not necessarily give the same results. They are applicable primarily to test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions and used for the development and control of materials and processes utilized in the manufacture of products reinforced with wi

14、re cord. NOTE The methods can also be used for single wire, for example bead wire. Method 1 reduces the dependence of the measured adhesion on the modulus and strength properties of the rubber. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this do

15、cument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2393, Rubber test mixes Preparation, mixing and vulcanization Equipment and procedures ISO 5893:2002, Rubber and plastics test e

16、quipment Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) Specification ISO 18899:2004, Rubber Guide to the calibration of test equipment ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods ISO 5603:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All right

17、s reserved3 Principle The adhesion strength is determined by measuring the force required to pull out a single cord from the surrounding rubber of a prepared test piece. The force is directed along the axis of the cord, using a test jig containing a suitably chosen circular- or square-shaped hole to

18、 ensure uniformity of stress. Test pieces of cord and rubber are prepared together by vulcanizing them under pressure. In method 1, the exterior surface of the rubber is suitably reinforced. In method 2, such reinforcement is not employed. 4 Materials 4.1 Wire cord, conforming to the specification o

19、f the bonding system to be investigated. If no specification is given, brass-plated steel cord of construction (1 3 0,15) mm (6 0,27) mm or of construction (7 4 0,22) mm shall be used. NOTE The sizes of the cords are defined here in terms of their diameter and the number of component wires, starting

20、 from the centre core of the cord. For quality control of cord, it shall be tested in the condition received, i.e. neither cleaned nor dried. It is essential that the wire cord be stored in a dry atmosphere to prevent any surface deterioration. Storage can conveniently be carried out in an airtight

21、container which also contains a desiccating material (for example silica, SiO2). The container shall only be opened when removing wire cord and shall then be closed immediately. It is also essential that the cord not be contaminated with dust from the desiccating material. 4.2 Unvulcanized rubber co

22、mpound, conforming to the specification of the bonding system to be investigated. Whenever possible, the rubber shall be freshly milled. If for any reason the rubber cannot be remilled, the surface shall be freshened by wiping with a solvent and allowed to dry. The preferred solvent is heptane, but

23、a suitable alternative could be a petroleum solvent with a distillation range of about 65 C to 125 C; these solvents shall possess a maximum residue on evaporation of 3 mg per 100 cm3of solvent. The compound shall be stored at a standard laboratory temperature of (23 2) C or (27 2) C prior to use. I

24、t can be in the form of calendered sheet of suitable thickness and shall be protected by a dark-coloured polyethylene film. 4.3 Reinforcement material, to stiffen the rubber block. This applies only to method 1. The reinforcement can either be a sheet metal strip treated with adhesive promoter (when

25、 the thickness t is at least 0,5 mm) or a strip of rigid rubberized steel cord fabric. A suitable fabric is one containing steel cords of high bending stiffness, for example one of construction (1 3 0,30) mm (6 0,38) mm when the thickness t is (2,5 0,1) mm maximum. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Mould, capable of

26、producing a test piece in which a multiplicity of cords is embedded equally spaced along its length. Different moulds are employed for the two methods. a) Method 1 The mould is of a semi-follow-on type to obtain maximum consolidation of rubber around the cord during the pressing stage, but thereafte

27、r becomes a fixed-cavity mould. One suitable mould designed to accommodate steel cord fabric reinforcement is shown in Figure 1. This mould produces test pieces of length 310 mm containing 21 cords, but similar moulds employing other numbers of cords greater that nine are acceptable. The mould dimen

28、sion x will depend on the embedded length of test piece required (which is governed by the diameter of wire cord used, see 7.2). The mould shall be provided with pairs of inserts or spacers to obtain the different lengths of cord embedment. Dimension y is sufficiently great to allow the incorporatio

29、n of excess rubber during moulding (see 7.3.1). ISO 5603:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3Another suitable mould designed to accommodate steel strip reinforcement is shown in Figure 2. A tensioning device for the cords can be used with this mould. Figure 3 details some mould dimensions and desc

30、ribes the exchangeable steel spacers which are required for different cord sizes for the moulds shown in Figures 1 and 2. Any mould producing test pieces of the correct dimensions and applying the moulding force directly on to the rubber, for example by use of a suitable spring, is also acceptable.

31、If desired, the moulds can impart suitable features on to the moulded test piece to facilitate cord centring during subsequent testing. b) Method 2 The mould is described in Figures 4 and 5. The mould is designed to produce four test blocks (each of length 200 mm) with the preferred dimensions (see

32、7.2), each containing 15 steel cords. When testing cords with a diameter equal to or less than 1,7 mm, the mould in Figures 4 and 5 shall be used to produce blocks and, when testing cords with a diameter greater than 1,7 mm, the mould shall be suitably modified. If more than one-third of the cords b

33、reak at the 12,5 mm embedment, it is advisable to reduce the embedment by use of a suitable mould insert. Moulds designed to produce any other number of test blocks of the required dimensions are acceptable, and moulds designed to produce blocks with different embedded cord lengths are permitted. 5.

34、2 Vulcanizing press, large enough to take the mould. It shall conform to the requirements of ISO 2393 and shall be capable of applying a force of at least 100 kN. 5.3 Tensile-testing machine, conforming to the requirements of class 2 as defined in ISO 5893:2002. It shall be capable of maintaining a

35、rate of separation of the jaws at a constant value within the range 50 mm/min to 150 mm/min. 5.4 Fixture, for holding the test piece in the test machine. It shall possess a suitable slot to allow the test cord to reach the test hole: the hole dimensions shall depend on the test piece type (see 7.2).

36、 The fixture shall laterally support the test piece in a slide-fit and shall permit accurate centring of the applied load (i.e. cord position) during testing. If desired, the fixture can possess particular features to facilitate the centring of the test cord in the test hole. Suitable types of fixtu

37、re are depicted in Figure 6. 5.5 Jaws, for gripping the cord to be extracted in the test machine. These can be of the wedge, pneumatic, pneumatic/hydraulic or bollard type, arranged so that the force applied to the cord during testing is normal to the face of the test piece. 6 Calibration The test a

38、pparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with Annex A. 7 Test piece 7.1 Form The test piece shall have one of the general forms shown in Figure 7. 7.2 Dimensions Two types of test piece are specified for method 1, depending on the wire cord diameter. Their dimensions shall comply with Table 1. The

39、 dimensions of the test piece for method 2 shall comply with Table 2. For both methods, for cords with diameters below 0,5 mm or above 1,7 mm, or for smaller cords which experience cord breakages with rubber compounds showing very high adhesion strength, the same form of test piece shall be used, wi

40、th the dimensions h and L suitably scaled. ISO 5603:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedTable 1 Dimensions of test piece for method 1 Dimensions in millimetres Type Cord diameter, d Embedded length, L Min. width of rubber between reinforcing sheets, wminMin. cord spacing, SaTest hole diameter or d

41、iagonal, haUsing steel plate reinforcement Using steel cord fabric reinforcement A 0,5 to 1,0 10,0 10,0 6,0b62,5 % of L 85 % of L B 1,0 to 1,7 10,0 16,0 6,0b62,5 % of L 85 % of L aThe minimum cord spacing S and the test hole diameter or diagonal h shall be read to the nearest 0,5 mm. bGreater widths

42、 are preferred when using steel cord fabric reinforcement. Table 2 Dimensions of test piece for method 2 Dimensions in millimetres Cord diameter, d Embedded length, L Test piece width, W Min. cord spacing, S Test hole diameter, h0,5 to 1,7 12,5 12,5 12,5 12,5 7.3 Preparation 7.3.1 General Prepare al

43、l materials before commencing the build-up of the test piece, so that the mould can be filled quickly at the proper time. The operator shall wear clean gloves during the preparation of test pieces. The cords, rubber and moulded test piece shall be properly identified throughout. NOTE An approximatel

44、y 5 % excess of rubber compound is employed so that the test piece is formed under pressure with accompanying rubber flow and consolidation. 7.3.2 Method 1 7.3.2.1 For each multiple-corded test piece prepare the following: a) Two pieces of reinforcement material, cut to the correct size to fit the m

45、ould. b) Two sets of rubber compound, cut to the correct sizes to fit the mould above and below the cords: the exact sizes of the top and bottom set will depend on the mould used. Each set can consist of one thick strip or of several thinner strips to make up the correct thickness. Remove any protec

46、tive polyethylene film used during storage and, if necessary, freshen the surfaces with solvent (see 4.2). If solvent is used, allow sufficient time for the surface to dry completely. c) Sufficient wire cords to occupy all stations in the mould. These shall be at least 300 mm long. Only touch the co

47、rds close to their ends, and not in the region to be moulded to the rubber. If required, the cord ends can be covered by a veneer or solder or cement to prevent fraying: if so, the solder shall be applied before cutting the wire cord off the spool. Alternatively, one endless cord can be used in conj

48、unction with a suitable tensioning frame. 7.3.2.2 If required, preheat the mould, including all component parts, to about 100 C. ISO 5603:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 57.3.3 Method 2 The test piece preparation procedure follows that of method 1, except that the mould spacers and the reinforc

49、ement strips are omitted, and that test piece construction prior to vulcanization is carried out on a special building rack similar to the mould (see Figure 4). The unvulcanized formed test pieces shall be carefully removed from the building rack by pressing uniformly from the rear, placed in a desiccated container and stored at standard laboratory temperature (see ISO 23529) until vulcanization. Test pieces shall be vulcanized within a maximum of 12 h. 7.3.4 Both methods Place the made-up