ISO 6853-2001 Photography - Processing waste - Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen (microdiffusion method)《摄影 冲洗废液 氨态氮的测定(微扩散法)》.pdf

1、Reference number ISO 6853:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6853 Second edition 2001-12-15 Photography Processing waste Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen (microdiffusion method) Photographie Effluents de traitement Dtermination de lazote ammoniacal (mthode par microdiffusion)ISO 6853:20

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5、ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in t

6、he country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reservedISO 6853:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Int

7、roduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle1 4 Reaction2 5 Safety and operational precautions.2 6 Materials and reagents3 7 Apparatus .5 8 Sampling and sample preparation.5 9 Procedure .6 10 Expression of results 7 11 Test report 7 Bibliography8ISO 6853:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights

8、reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for

9、which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on al

10、l matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International S

11、tandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Interna

12、tional Standard ISO 6853 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6853:1987), of which it constitutes a technical revision.ISO 6853:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved v Introduction This International Standard is on

13、e of a series devoted to the analysis of photographic wastes; it encompasses the field of analysis of the ammoniacal nitrogen content in a photographic effluent. This International Standard is intended for use by individuals with a working knowledge of analytical techniques. Some of the procedures u

14、se caustic, toxic or otherwise hazardous chemicals. Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles and, in some cases, other protective apparel such as rubber gloves, face masks or aprons. Normal precautions for the safe performance of any chemic

15、al procedure must be exercised at all times, but specific details have been provided for hazardous materials. Hazard warnings are designated by a letter enclosed in angle brackets “ .“ These are defined in clause 5 and then used throughout the text. More detailed information on hazards, handling and

16、 use of these chemicals may be available from the manufacturer. Photographic laboratories can establish conformity to effluent regulations only by chemical analysis. If this cannot be done in-house, an outside laboratory should be used.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6853:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights rese

17、rved 1 Photography Processing waste Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen (microdiffusion method) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of ammonia and other volatile amines that can be liberated from photographic processing wastes by strong alkali, the results b

18、eing expressed in terms of nitrogen. The method is applicable for the determination of the ammonia concentration of typical photoprocessing wastes in the range of 10 mg/l to 200 mg/l of ammonia or 8 mg/l to 160 mg/l of nitrogen. Other volatile amines are determined as ammonia, but their concentratio

19、ns in photoprocessing wastes are usually very low. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these pu

20、blications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to

21、 applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 648:1977, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes. ISO 5667-1:1980, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes. ISO 5667-2:1991, Water quality Sampling Part 2: Guidanc

22、e on sampling techniques. ISO 5667-3:1994, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples. ISO 6353-1:1982, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 1: General test methods. ISO 6353-2:1983, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 2: Specifications First series. ISO 6353-

23、3:1987, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 3: Specifications Second series. ISO 10349-1:1992, Photography Photographic-grade chemicals Test methods Part 1: General. 3P r i n c i p l e Ammonia is liberated from the sample by treatment with potassium metaborate and is absorbed into boric acid. The ab

24、sorbed ammonia is then determined by titration with standard sulfuric acid. The liberation and absorption are carried out in a microdiffusion cell, which is a small covered dish with concentric chambers for sample, sealant and absorbing solution. When the sample and the metaborate are mixed in the s

25、ample chamber, ammonia is evolved and absorbed into the boric acid chamber. The gaseous free path from sample to absorbent is short, in order to ensure a room temperature distillation in a reasonable time. Scale-up of this method or alteration of the sample to buffer ratio should be avoided, as thes

26、e modifications change the rate of ammonia diffusion.ISO 6853:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 4 Reaction 43 2 NH X OH NH H O + X 5 Safety and operational precautions 5.1 Hazard warnings Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic or otherwise hazardous. Safe labo

27、ratory practice for the handling of chemicals requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, and in some cases other protective apparel such as rubber gloves, face masks and aprons. Specific danger notices are given in the text for particularly dangerous materials, but normal precautions are require

28、d during the performance of any chemical procedure at all times. The first time that a hazardous material is noted in the procedures, the hazard will be indicated by the word “DANGER“ followed by a symbol consisting of angle brackets “ “ containing a letter that designates the specific hazard. A dou

29、ble bracket “ “ will be used for particularly perilous situations. In subsequent statements involving handling of these hazardous materials, only the hazard symbol consisting of the brackets and letter(s) will be displayed. Furthermore, for a given material, the hazard symbols will be used only once

30、 in a single paragraph. Hazard warning symbols will not be used for common organic solvents when used in quantities of less than 1 litre, unless they are particularly hazardous. Detailed warnings for handling chemicals and their diluted solutions are beyond the scope of this International Standard.

31、Employers shall provide training and health and safety information in conformance with legal requirements. The hazard code system used in this International Standard is intended to provide information to the users and is not meant for compliance with any legal requirements for labelling, as these va

32、ry from country to country. It is strongly recommended that anyone using these chemicals obtain pertinent information from the manufacturer about the hazards, handling, use and disposal of these chemicals. 5.2 Hazard information code system B Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing dust, vapour, mist or

33、 gas. Use only with adequate ventilation. C Harmful if contact occurs. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. F Will burn. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Use with adequate ventilation. O Oxidizer. Contact with other material may cause fire. Do not sto

34、re near combustible materials. S Harmful if swallowed. Wash thoroughly after handling. If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately. S May be fatal if swallowed. If swallowed, obtain medical attention immediately. 5.3 Safety precautions ALL PIPETTE OPERATIONS SHALL BE PERFORMED WITH A PIPETTE

35、BULB OR PLUNGER PIPETTE. THIS IS A CRITICAL SAFETY WARNING! Safety glasses shall be worn for all laboratory work.ISO 6853:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3 6 Materials and reagents 6.1 General 6.1.1 Handling and labelling Reagents shall be handled in conformity with health and safety precaution

36、s as shown on containers, or as given in other sources of such information. Proper labelling of prepared reagents includes the chemical name, date of preparation, expiration date, restandardization date, name of preparer, and adequate health and safety precautions. The discharge of reagents shall co

37、nform to applicable environmental regulations. 6.1.2 Purity Reagents used in the test procedures shall be certified reagent-grade chemicals and shall meet appropriate standards, or be chemicals of a purity acceptable for the analysis. For details, see ISO 6353-1, ISO 6353-2 and ISO 6353-3. 6.1.3 Wat

38、er Whenever water is specified without other qualifiers in the test procedures, only distilled water or water of equivalent purity shall be used. 6.1.4 Strength of solutions 6.1.4.1 Acids and ammonium hydroxide are full strength unless otherwise specified. 6.1.4.2 When a standardized solution is req

39、uired, its amount-of-substance-concentration is expressed in moles per litre. The number of significant figures to which the molarity is known shall be sufficient to ensure that the reagent does not limit the reliability of the test method. 6.1.4.3 When a standardized solution is not required, its c

40、oncentration is expressed in grams per litre (g/l) to the appropriate number of significant figures. 6.1.4.4 When a solution is to be diluted, its dilution is indicated by (X + Y), meaning that X volumes of reagent, or concentrated solution, are to be diluted with Y volumes of water (6.1.3). 6.2 Rea

41、gents 6.2.1 Potassium tetraborate solution,5 14g /l . Weigh 673 g 0,1 g of potassium tetraborate, K 2 B 4 O 7 4H 2 O, and dissolve it in 550 ml of water in a 1 litre beaker. Then weigh 247 g 0,1 g of potassium hydroxide, KOH (DANGER: C ), and dissolve it in the tetraborate solution. Boil on a hotpla

42、te for 5 min, cool and add 5 ml of a 10 % aqueous solution of nonylphenoxypoly (610) ethylene oxide, NPPO, or similar wetting agent 1 . Transfer to a 1 litre volumetric flask, rinsing the beaker into the flask several times. When cool, dilute to volume and mix well. Note that the wetting agent will

43、separate out on standing; therefore, the flask must be shaken vigorously before each use. 6.2.2 Boric acid absorbent solution Add about 800 ml of water to a 1 litre volumetric flask. Stir, using a magnetic stirrer, and add 2 mg to 3 mg of xylene cyanole FF, weighed to the nearest 1 mg, followed by 0

44、,5 ml of NPPO, followed by 5,0 ml of methyl red indicator solution prepared by dissolving 0,125 g of methyl red in 250 ml of methanol (DANGER: F S ). Add 6g 0,1 g of boric acid, H 3 BO 3 , keeping the contents of the flask stirred until all the constituents are dissolved. 1 Non-ionic detergent with

45、a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 13 to 14.ISO 6853:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved Dilute to within about 15 ml of the mark and mix. Place 1,5 ml of this solution in the centre of a microdiffusion cell and observe the colour. If the colour in the cell is pink, add just suffici

46、ent 0,1 mol/l sodium hydroxide (6.2.7) to the solution in the 1 litre flask to obtain a neutral colour when 1 ml is viewed in the microdiffusion cell. Check that excess sodium hydroxide is absent by adding 0,10 ml of 0,002 50 mol/l sulfuric acid (6.2.5) to 1 ml of the solution, at which point a pink

47、 colour should be produced. Note that the solution in the 1 litre flask will appear red, even when the 1 ml in the microdiffusion cell looks neutral. 6.2.3 Sulfuric acid solution, c(H 2 SO 4 ) 0,5 mol/l. Carefully add 28,3 ml of sulfuric acid (DANGER: C ), 1,84 g/ml, to 500 ml of water in a 1 litre

48、volumetric flask while mixing and cooling. Dilute to the mark with water. 6.2.4 Sulfuric acid solution, c(H 2 SO 4 ) 0,05 mol/l. Pipette 100,0 ml of 0,5 mol/l sulfuric acid (6.2.3) into a 1 litre volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with water. NOTE This solution is not the standard volumetric so

49、lution that is required in 6.2.5. 6.2.5 Sulfuric acid solution, c(H 2 SO 4 ) = 0,002 50 mol/l. Pipette 50,0 ml of standard volumetric 0,050 00 mol/l sulfuric acid into a 1 litre volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with water. The solution prepared in 6.2.4 is not a standard volumetric solution. A commercial volumetric standard solution is recommended. If a volumetric standard solution needs to be prepared, see an analytical chemistry t