ISO 7250-1-2008 Basic human body measurements for technological design - Part 1 Body measurement definitions and landmarks《技术设计用基本人体测量 第1部分 人体测量定义和标志》.pdf

1、 Reference numberISO 7250-1:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO7250-1First edition2008-02-15Basic human body measurements for technological design Part 1: Body measurement definitions and landmarks Dfinitions des mesures de base du corps humain pour la conception technologique Partie 1: Dfinit

2、ions des mesures du corps et repres ISO 7250-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the comp

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6、ssion in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reser

7、vedISO 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 2.2 Anthropometric terms 1 3 Measuring conditions and instruments 4 3.1 Conditions . 4 3.2 Instruments . 4 3.3 Further conditions 4 4 Basic anthropometric measurem

8、ents 5 4.1 Measurements taken while subject stands 5 4.1.1 Body mass (weight). 5 4.1.2 Stature (body height) 5 4.1.3 Eye height 5 4.1.4 Shoulder height. 6 4.1.5 Elbow height 6 4.1.6 Iliac spine height, standing 6 4.1.7 Crotch height. 7 4.1.8 Tibial height. 7 4.1.9 Chest depth, standing 8 4.1.10 Body

9、 depth, standing . 8 4.1.11 Chest breadth, standing. 9 4.1.12 Hip breadth, standing. 9 4.2 Measurements taken while subject sits .10 4.2.1 Sitting height (erect). 10 4.2.2 Eye height, sitting. 10 4.2.3 Cervicale height, sitting . 10 4.2.4 Shoulder height, sitting 11 4.2.5 Elbow height, sitting. 11 4

10、.2.6 Shoulder-elbow length . 11 4.2.7 Elbow-wrist length 12 4.2.8 Shoulder (biacromial) breadth. 12 4.2.9 Shoulder (bideltoid) breadth 12 4.2.10 Elbow-to-elbow breadth . 13 4.2.11 Hip breadth, sitting . 13 4.2.12 Lower leg length (popliteal height) . 13 4.2.13 Thigh clearance. 14 4.2.14 Knee height

11、. 14 4.2.15 Abdominal depth, sitting 14 4.2.16 Thorax depth at the nipple. 15 4.2.17 Buttock-abdomen depth sitting. 15 4.3 Measurements on specific body segments . 15 4.3.1 Hand length . 15 4.3.2 Palm length perpendicular. 16 4.3.3 Hand breadth at metacarpals 16 4.3.4 Index finger length 16 4.3.5 In

12、dex finger breadth, proximal 17 4.3.6 Index finger breadth, distal 17 4.3.7 Foot length 17 4.3.8 Foot breadth 18 ISO 7250-1:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved4.3.9 Head length 18 4.3.10 Head breadth . 18 4.3.11 Face length (nasion-menton). 18 4.3.12 Head circumference 19 4.3.13 Sagittal arc. 19

13、 4.3.14 Bitragion arc 19 4.4 Functional measurements 20 4.4.1 Wall-acromion distance 20 4.4.2 Grip reach; forward reach 20 4.4.3 Elbow-grip length 21 4.4.4 Fist (grip axis) height 21 4.4.5 Forearm-fingertip length 21 4.4.6 Buttock-popliteal length (seat depth) . 22 4.4.7 Buttock-knee length 22 4.4.8

14、 Neck circumference 22 4.4.9 Chest circumference. 23 4.4.10 Waist circumference . 23 4.4.11 Wrist circumference 24 4.4.12 Thigh circumference. 24 4.4.13 Calf circumference 24 Bibliography . 25 ISO 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardi

15、zation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to b

16、e represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standa

17、rds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter

18、national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 7250-1

19、was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics. This first edition of ISO 7250-1 cancels and replaces ISO 7250:1996, of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 7250 consists of the following parts, under the general title Basic human

20、body measurements for technological design: Part 1: Body measurement definitions and landmarks Statistical summaries of body measurements from individual ISO populations and worldwide and regional design values for use in ISO equipment standards are to form the subjects of future Parts 2 and 3. ISO

21、7250-1:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction The well-being of people is greatly dependent on their geometrical relationship with various factors such as clothing, places of work, transportation, homes and recreational activities. To ensure harmony between people and their environments

22、, it is necessary to quantify the size and shape of people for optimization of the technological design of the workplace and the home environment. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Basic human body measurements for technological design Part 1: Body measurement d

23、efinitions and landmarks 1 Scope This part of ISO 7250 provides a description of anthropometric measurements which can be used as a basis for comparison of population groups. The basic list specified in this part of ISO 7250 is intended to serve as a guide for ergonomists who are required to define

24、population groups and apply their knowledge to the geometric design of the places where people work and live. This list is not intended to serve as a guide for how to take anthropometric measurements, but it gives information to the ergonomist and designer on the anatomical and anthropometrical base

25、s and principles of measurement which are applied in the solution of design tasks. This part of ISO 7250 is intended to be used in conjunction with national or international regulations or agreements to assure harmony in defining population groups. In its various applications, it is anticipated that

26、 the basic list will be supplemented by specific additional measurements. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 population group group of people having some common environment or activity NOTE These groups may be as diverse as geogr

27、aphically defined populations or specified age groups. 2.2 Anthropometric terms1)2.2.1 acromion most lateral point of the lateral edge of the spine of the scapula NOTE The height of the acromion is usually equated with shoulder height. 2.2.2 anterior ventral towards the front of the body 1) A detail

28、ed glossary of terms is found in the publications listed in the Bibliography. ISO 7250-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved2.2.3 bi prefix denoting connection with, or relation to, each of two symmetrical paired parts NOTE For example, biacromial, bitragion. 2.2.4 biceps femoris one of the large

29、 posterior muscles in the thigh of the leg 2.2.5 cervicale prominent bone at the base of the back of the neck (spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra) 2.2.6 deltoid muscle large muscle on the lateral border of the upper arm in the shoulder region 2.2.7 distal away from the main mass of the

30、 body 2.2.8 Frankfurt plane standard horizontal plane at the level of the upper edge of the opening of the external auditory meatus (external ear opening) and the lower border of the orbital margin (lower edge of the eye socket), when the median plane of the head is held vertically 2.2.9 glabella mo

31、st anterior point of the forehead between the brow ridges in the midsagittal plane 2.2.10 gluteal fold skin furrow between the buttock and the thigh 2.2.11 grip axis axis of the fist corresponding with the longitudinal axis of a rod held in the hand 2.2.12 inferior caudal away from the head, towards

32、 the bottom 2.2.13 inion lowest point in the midsagittal plane of the occiput that can be palpated amid the nuchal muscles 2.2.14 lateral towards the side of the body 2.2.15 medial towards the midline of the body 2.2.16 menton gnathion lowest point of the tip of the chin in the midsagittal plane ISO

33、 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 32.2.17 mesosternal point on the union of the third and fourth sternebrae 2.2.18 metacarpal pertaining to the long bones of the hand between the carpals (wristbones) and the phalanges 2.2.19 nasion sellion point of greatest indentation of the nasal root d

34、epression 2.2.20 phalanx phalange bone of the fingers or toes 2.2.21 posterior dorsal towards the back of the body 2.2.22 process marked prominence of a bone 2.2.23 proximal towards the main mass of the body 2.2.24 radius long bone in the forearm on the thumb side 2.2.25 sagittal pertaining to the a

35、nteroposterior (front to back) median plane of the body (midsagittal), or to a plane parallel to the median (parasagittal) 2.2.26 styloid process most distal protuberance of the radius or the ulna at the wrist 2.2.27 superior cranial towards the head, towards the top 2.2.28 thyroid cartilage promine

36、nt cartilage on the anterior surface of the neck 2.2.29 tibiale point at the upper inside (medial) edge on the proximal end of the tibial bone of the lower leg ISO 7250-1:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved2.2.30 tragion notch just above the tragus (the small cartilaginous flap in front of the ea

37、r hole) 2.2.31 ulna long bone in the forearm on the little finger side 2.2.32 vertex highest level of the head in the midsagittal plane, with the head oriented in the Frankfurt plane 3 Measuring conditions and instruments 3.1 Conditions It is important that the following conditions be documented tog

38、ether with the numerical results of any survey. Photographs or detailed sketches of measurements and procedures are recommended. a) Clothing of subject During measurement, the subject shall be nude or shall wear only minimal clothing and shall be bareheaded and without shoes. b) Support surfaces Sta

39、nding surfaces (floors), platforms or sitting surfaces shall be flat, horizontal and not compressible. c) Body symmetry For measurements which may be taken on either side of the body, it is recommended that both sides be measured. If this is not possible, it should be indicated on which side the mea

40、surement was taken. 3.2 Instruments The standard measuring instruments recommended are the anthropometer, sliding calipers, spreading calipers, weighing scale and tape measure. 3.2.1 Anthropometer, a specialized tool used for measuring linear distances between points on the body and standard referen

41、ce surfaces, such as the floor or a seat platform. 3.2.2 Sliding and spreading calipers, used for measuring the breadth and depth of body segments, as well as the distances between reference marks. 3.2.3 Tape measure, used for measuring body circumferences. 3.2.3.1 Measuring cube, 200 mm on each sid

42、e, used for determining the maximal posterior protrusion of a seated person. 3.2.3.2 Rod, 20 mm in diameter, used for determining grip measurements. NOTE For a detailed description of the measuring methods, see Reference 2. 3.3 Further conditions Chest and other measurements affected by breathing sh

43、ould be taken during gentle breathing. ISO 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 54 Basic anthropometric measurements 4.1 Measurements taken while subject stands 4.1.1 Body mass (weight) Description: Total mass (weight) of the body. Method: Subject stands on a weighing scale. Instrument: Weigh

44、ing scale. 4.1.2 Stature (body height) Description: Vertical distance from the floor to thehighest point of the head (vertex). See Figure 1. Method: Subject stands fully erect with feet together.Head is oriented in the Frankfurt plane. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 1 Stature 4.1.3 Eye height Des

45、cription: Vertical distance from the floor to theouter corner of the eye. See Figure 2. Method: Subject stands fully erect with feet together.Head is oriented in the Frankfurt plane. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 2 Eye height ISO 7250-1:2008(E) 6 ISO 2008 All rights reserved4.1.4 Shoulder height

46、 Description: Vertical distance from the floor to theacromion. See Figure 3. Method: Subject stands fully erect with feet together.Shoulders are relaxed, with arms hanging freely. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 3 Shoulder height 4.1.5 Elbow height Description: Vertical distance from the floor to

47、thelowest bony point of the bent elbow. See Figure 4. Method: Subject stands fully erect with feet together.Upper arm hangs freely downwards, with forearmflexed at right angles to it. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 4 Elbow height 4.1.6 Iliac spine height, standing Description: Vertical distance f

48、rom the floor to theanterosuperior iliac spine (the most downward-directed point of the iliac crest). See Figure 5. Method: Subject stands fully erect with feet together. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 5 Iliac spine height, standing ISO 7250-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 74.1.7 Crotch he

49、ight Description: Vertical distance from the floor to thedistal part of the inferior ramus of the pubic bone. SeeFigure 6. Method: Subject first stands with legs a maximum of100 mm apart and the movable arm of the measuringinstrument is placed against the inner surface of thethigh in such a way that, when pushed higher, it gently presses against the pubic bone. Subject then closesthe legs and stands fully erect during themeasurement. Instrument: Anthropometer. Figure 6 Crotch height 4.1.8 Tibial height Descriptio