ISO 7507-3-2006 Petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks - Part 3 Optical-triangulation method《石油和液态石油产品 直立式圆筒状油罐的标定 .pdf

1、 Reference number ISO 7507-3:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7507-3 Second edition 2006-07-15 Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks Part 3: Optical-triangulation method Ptrole et produits ptroliers liquides Jaugeage des rservoirs cylindriques ve

2、rticaux Partie 3: Mthode par triangulation optique ISO 7507-3:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and instal

3、led on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software produc

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5、ease inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writi

6、ng from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 7507-3:

7、2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Precautions . 1 5 Equipment . 2 5.1 Equipment for measurement of angles 2 5.2 Stadia . 2 6 Equipment set-up and procedure . 2 6.1 Preparation of tank

8、. 2 6.2 Establishment of calibration conditions 2 6.3 Set-up of theodolites and/or total stations. 3 7 Stadia set-up and procedure . 3 8 Measurement of horizontal distance between two theodolite stations using a stadia . 3 9 Measurement of horizontal distance between two theodolite stations using a

9、total station . 5 10 Procedure for internal optical tank wall measurements. 5 11 Procedures for external measurements. 8 11.1 General. 8 11.2 Reference circumference measured by strapping 8 11.3 Reference distances measured between pairs of theodolite stations 10 12 Tolerances . 11 12.1 Distances be

10、tween theodolites . 11 12.2 Horizontal angles 11 12.3 Reference circumference. 11 13 Other measurements for tank calibrations 12 13.1 Tank-bottom calibrations. 12 13.2 Other measurements and data 12 14 Calculations and development of tank capacity tables 13 14.1 From the internal procedure 13 14.2 F

11、rom the reference circumference procedure. 13 14.3 From the reference distances between pairs of theodolites 13 14.4 Corrections 13 14.5 Tank capacity table. 13 Annex A (normative) Computation of internal radii from internal measurements 14 Annex B (normative) Determination of the radius of the circ

12、le by the least-squares method. 15 Annex C (normative) Computation of internal radii from reference circumference and external measurements. 20 Annex D (normative) Computation of internal radii from reference distances between pairs of theodolite stations 22 Annex E (informative) Calibration uncerta

13、inties . 24 Annex F (normative) Procedure for checking the theodolite(s) 36 Bibliography . 38 ISO 7507-3:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr

14、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i

15、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main tas

16、k of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attentio

17、n is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 7507-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants, Subcommittee SC

18、3, Static petroleum measurement. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7507-3:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 7507 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks: Part

19、 1: Strapping method Part 2: Optical-reference-line method Part 3: Optical-triangulation method Part 4: Internal electro-optical distance-ranging method Part 5: External electro-optical distance-ranging method ISO 7507-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction This part of ISO 7507 descr

20、ibes the calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks by means of optical triangulation using theodolites. The circumference of the tank is determined at different levels by reference to a base line, which can be either a reference circumference measured by strapping or a base line between two stations

21、 of a theodolite measured by means of a tape or by an optical method. External circumferences are corrected to give true internal circumferences. The method is an alternative to other methods such as strapping (ISO 7507-1) and the optical-reference-line method (ISO 7507-2). INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS

22、O 7507-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks Part 3: Optical-triangulation method 1 Scope This part of ISO 7507 specifies a calibration procedure for application to tanks above 8 m in diameter with cylindrical cours

23、es that are substantially vertical. It provides a method for determining the volumetric quantity contained within a tank at gauged liquid levels. The measurements required to determine the radius are made either internally (Clause 10) or externally (Clause 11). The external method is applicable only

24、 to tanks that are free of insulation. This method is suitable for tanks tilted up to a 3 % deviation from the vertical provided that a correction is applied for the measured tilt as described in ISO 7507-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat

25、ion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7507-1:2003, Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Calibration of vertical cylindrical tanks Part 1: Strapping m

26、ethod 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7507-1 and the following apply. 3.1 total station theodolite with built-in distance meter that coincides with the optical axis of the instrument 4 Precautions The general precautions and safety pr

27、ecautions specified in ISO 7507-1 shall apply to this part of ISO 7507. ISO 7507-3:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved5 Equipment 5.1 Equipment for measurement of angles 5.1.1 Theodolite, with angular resolution equal to or better than 0,2 mgon (1 mgon = 0,25 s). Each theodolite shall be mounted

28、on a tripod that is firm and stable. The legs of the tripod shall be steadied by means of magnetic bearers (or any equivalent system) when being used for the internal method. The theodolites shall be checked either periodically or prior to the tank measurements as described in Annex F. Alternatively

29、, a total station can be used along with a prism mounted on the other station. The total station shall meet the same requirements for the angular measurements as the theodolites. The distance measurement shall have a resolution equal to or better than 0,1 mm. The distance meter shall be calibrated t

30、ogether with the used prism with an extended calibration uncertainty on the order of 1 mm or better. It shall be possible to mount the prism on the tripod in the same position as the theodolite/total station. 5.1.2 Laser-beam emitter, low-power, equipped with a device, such as a fibre-optic light-tr

31、ansfer system and a theodolite-telescope eye-piece connection, by which the laser beam can be transmitted through a theodolite. The laser beam shall be coincident with the optical axis of the telescope. 5.1.3 Weights, heavy, to set round the theodolite stations to prevent movement of the tank bottom

32、 plate. 5.1.4 Lighting, for use inside the tank to allow measurements to be read accurately. 5.2 Stadia Stadia, at least 2 m long, of a material whose thermal expansion is known. The graduated length between two marks shall be calibrated. Extended calibration uncertainty should be on the order of 0,

33、05 mm. It shall be possible to mount the stadia on the tripod in the same position as the theodolite. NOTE The stadia is not used when the calibration is carried out using a total station. 6 Equipment set-up and procedure 6.1 Preparation of tank For new tanks or for tanks after repair, fill the tank

34、 to its normal working capacity at least once and allow it to stand for at least 24 h prior to calibration. 6.2 Establishment of calibration conditions If the tank is calibrated with liquid in it, record the depth, temperature and density of the liquid at the time of calibration. Do not make transfe

35、rs of liquid during the calibration. Measure or estimate the worst-case gradient of tank-shell temperatures at the time of calibration. NOTE 1 The temperature gradient is used to estimate the uncertainties of the measured tank radii (see 13.2 and E.3.5.3). NOTE 2 The highest temperature is usually f

36、ound on the sunny side at the top of the tank, the lowest temperature on the shady side at the bottom of the tank. ISO 7507-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 6.3 Set-up of theodolites and/or total stations 6.3.1 Set up each theodolite or total station with care, according to the procedure and

37、 instructions given by the manufacturer. In addition, follow the procedures described in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. 6.3.2 Set up the instrument so as to be stable. For the internal method, steady the bottom of the tank near the theodolite or total station by installing weights or other heavy objects around th

38、e station if there is a risk of the station moving during the calibration. Mount the legs of the tripod on magnetic bearers (or any equivalent system) to prevent the legs from sliding on the tank bottom. For the external method, drive the legs of the tripod fully home into the ground. 6.3.3 Set the

39、bed plate of the instrument as near as possible to the horizontal. NOTE This ensures verticality of the swivel axis of the theodolite or total station. 6.3.4 The calibration equipment shall be placed at the site for typically 1 h in order to reach ambient temperature before commencement of the actua

40、l calibration procedure. 7 Stadia set-up and procedure 7.1 Mount the stadia on the tripod with care according to the procedure and instructions given by the manufacturer. In addition, follow the procedures described in 7.2 and 7.3. 7.2 Mount the stadia horizontally and perpendicular to the aiming ax

41、is by adjusting the device on the stadia. 7.3 Once setting-up is complete, lock the stadia in position and verify that it is horizontal and perpendicular. 8 Measurement of horizontal distance between two theodolite stations using a stadia 8.1 This procedure for determining the distance using a stadi

42、a is not recommended if the distance between the stations is above 25 m. 8.2 Take the measurement prior to the commencement of the optical readings. Set up the stadia as described in Clause 7. Measure the horizontal angle, 2, subtended at the theodolite (see Figure 1) by the two marks on the stadia,

43、 using the theodolite. ISO 7507-3:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedKey 1 theodolite 1 2 theodolite 2 (laser) 3 stadia mark 4 stadia aPoints T and L are interchangeable. bB, the distance between the two reference marks on the stadia, equals 2 m. Figure 1 Measurement of distance between two theod

44、olites 8.3 Compute the horizontal distance, D, between the two theodolite stations from Equation (1): 2t a n B D = (1) where B is the distance between the two reference marks on the stadia (corrected for thermal expansion, if necessary); is half the angle subtended at theodolite, T, by the two refer

45、ence marks. 8.4 Carry out the measurement of the angle 2 and the computation of the distance, D, a minimum of five times while turning and re-pointing the theodolite in between, and calculate and record the average value. Two standard deviations of the mean of the distance, D, shall be less than hal

46、f of the tolerance given in Table 3 or the entire procedure shall be repeated. 8.5 Re-determine the distance, D, after completion of all the optical measurements described in 10.13. The average distances computed before and after the optical measurements shall agree within the tolerances given in Ta

47、ble 3. If they do not, repeat the calibration procedure until a set of measurements is obtained with the average values for D at the beginning and end within the tolerances. 8.6 The average of all measurements of distance, D, shall be used in further calculations. ISO 7507-3:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rig

48、hts reserved 5 9 Measurement of horizontal distance between two theodolite stations using a total station 9.1 This procedure for determining the distance between theodolite stations is not recommended if the distance between the stations is less than 10 m. 9.2 Set up the prism at the second tripod.

49、9.3 Carry out the measurement of the distance, D, a minimum of five times while turning and re-pointing the total station in between, and calculate and record the average value. Two standard deviations of the mean of the distance, D, shall be less than half of the tolerance given in Table 3 or the entire procedure shall be repeated. 9.4 Re-determine the distance, D, after completion of all the optical measurements described in 10.13. The average distances computed before and after the optical measurements sha