1、 Reference number ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 857-2 First edition 2005-11-01 Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms Soudage et techniques connexes Vocabulaire Partie 2: Termes relatifs aux procds de brasage tendre et
2、 de brasage fort ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such
3、reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other
4、part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postal
5、e 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedPDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or vie
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8、for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms an
9、d definitions 1 Annex A (informative) Process descriptions based on energy sources 9 A.1 Soldering . 9 A.2 Brazing. 16 Annex B (informative) List of equivalent English, French and German terms for brazing and soldering processes . 24 Alphabetical index . 28 ISO 857-2:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights r
10、eservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for wh
11、ich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
12、matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are ci
13、rculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respo
14、nsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 857-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 7, Representation and terms. Together with ISO 857-1, this part of ISO 857 cancels and replaces ISO 857:1990, which has been technically revise
15、d. ISO 857 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding and allied processes Vocabulary: Part 1: Metal welding processes Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO 857:1990 has been revised in two new
16、 parts, ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes, and ISO 857-2, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms. ISO 857-1 is restricted to welding processes for metallic materials and the welding processes
17、are structured in a more systematic way than in ISO 857:1990. The processes have been classified according to their physical characteristics, e.g. pressure or fusion welding, and the type of energy source. A number of new processes have been added and a number of obsolete processes have been removed
18、 ISO 857-2 is restricted to soldering and brazing processes and is organized in the same manner as ISO 857-1. New definitions have been added in order to provide a better understanding of such processes. The numbers in parentheses following the name of the process refer to the numbering used in ISO
19、 4063. Most of the definitions are accompanied by schematic figures given as examples. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 857 should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 7 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found
20、 at www.iso.org. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and related terms 1 Scope This part of ISO 857 defines terms used for metal soldering and brazing processes, as well as related term
21、s. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4063, Welding and a
22、llied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 soldering/brazing joining processes in which a molten filler material is used that has a lower liquidus temperature than the solidus temperature of the parent material(s), which wets the surfaces of the heate
23、d parent material(s) and which, during or after heating, is drawn into (or, if pre-placed, is retained in) the narrow gap between the components being joined NOTE 1 These processes are generally carried out with metals but they can also be carried out with non-metallic materials. The filler material
24、 always has a different chemical composition from the components being joined. NOTE 2 If the process is carried out without capillary attraction, it is often described as braze welding. 3.1.1 soldering joining process using filler metal with a liquidus temperature of 450 C or less 3.1.2 brazing join
25、ing process using filler metal with a liquidus temperature above 450 C 3.1.3 coating deposition of a layer or layers of material on a surface to obtain desired properties and/or dimensions 3.1.4 filler metal spreading and gap filling 3.1.4.1 wetting spreading and adhesion of a thin continuous layer
26、of molten filler metal on the surfaces of the components being joined ISO 857-2:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3.1.4.2 de-wetting separation of solid filler material which, although it had spread over the surfaces of the components to be joined, had failed to bond to them because of e.g. inad
27、equate cleaning or fluxing 3.1.4.3 flow path distance through which the molten filler metal flows in the joint 3.1.4.4 capillary attraction force, caused by surface tension, which draws the molten filler metal into the gap between the components being joined, even against the force of gravity 3.1.4.
28、5 bonding process process by which a bond is created between the liquid phase of the filler metal and the solid parent metal due to metallurgical reaction 3.2 materials for soldering or brazing 3.2.1 filler metal added metal required for soldered or brazed joints, which can be in the form of wire, i
29、nserts, powder, pastes, etc. 3.2.2 flux non-metallic material which, when molten, promotes wetting by removing existing oxide or other detrimental films from the surfaces to be joined and prevents their re-formation during the joining operation 3.2.3 binder substance with which filler metals and/or
30、fluxes are bound as powders or pastes so that they can be applied to the joint as paste or can be moulded into filler metal shapes 3.2.4 soldering and brazing stop-off substance used to prevent undesirable spreading of molten filler metal 3.2.5 parent material material being brazed/soldered 3.2.6 pr
31、otective atmosphere for soldering or brazing gas atmosphere or vacuum round a component, either to remove oxide or other detrimental films on the surfaces to be joined or to prevent the re-formation of such films on surfaces which have previously been cleaned 3.2.6.1 reducing gas atmosphere gas whic
32、h reduces oxides owing to its high affinity for oxygen 3.2.6.2 inert gas atmosphere gas which prevents the formation of oxides during the soldering or brazing process ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 33.2.6.3 vacuum pressure sufficiently below atmospheric so that the formation of oxide
33、s will be prevented to a degree sufficient for satisfactory soldering or brazing, because of the low partial pressure of the residual gas NOTE As a vacuum can only eliminate oxides to a very limited extent, preparatory cleaning of the surfaces to be wetted is of the greatest importance. 3.3 process
34、conditions 3.3.1 characteristic temperatures 3.3.1.1 melting temperature range of the filler metal temperature range extending from the commencement of melting (solidus temperature) to complete liquefaction (liquidus temperature) NOTE Some filler metals have a melting point rather than a melting ran
35、ge. 3.3.1.2 soldering or brazing temperature temperature at the joint where the filler metal wets the surface or where a liquid phase is formed by boundary diffusion and there is sufficient material flow NOTE With some filler metals, this is below the liquidus temperature of the filler metal. 3.3.1.
36、3 equalizing temperature preheating temperature temperature at which the components being joined are held so that they are uniformly heated through NOTE It is lower than the solidus temperature of the filler metal. 3.3.1.4 effective temperature range temperature range within which a flux or a protec
37、tive atmosphere is effective 3.3.2 characteristic times 3.3.2.1 soldering or brazing time time period for the soldering or brazing cycle 3.3.2.2 heating time time during which the soldering or brazing temperature is reached NOTE It includes the equalizing (preheating) time and can also include other
38、 times, e.g. the degassing time. 3.3.2.3 equalizing time preheating time time during which the components to be soldered or brazed are held at the equalizing/preheating temperature 3.3.2.4 holding time time during which the joint is kept at the soldering or brazing temperature ISO 857-2:2005(E) 4 IS
39、O 2005 All rights reserved3.3.2.5 cooling time time during which the joint cools down from the soldering or brazing temperature to ambient temperature NOTE It can include the time necessary for the post heat treatment of the soldered or brazed parts. 3.3.2.6 total time period which includes the heat
40、ing time, the holding time and the cooling time 3.3.2.7 effective time time during which the flux remains effective during the soldering or brazing operation NOTE It is dependent on the procedure used. 3.4 soldering or brazing geometry 3.4.1 closed joint joint in which the gap is filled principally
41、by capillary action with filler metal, i.e. either a butt joint or a lap joint between parallel faces of the components to be soldered or brazed NOTE 1 See Figures 1 and 2. NOTE 2 The lap width and length determine the area over which the components will be joined. NOTE 3 For soldering/brazing with
42、radiation and soldering/brazing with an electric arc, mixtures of joint types, i.e. butt weld at raised edge or butt weld at lap joint, are also possible. Key 1 closed joint length 2 closed joint width (assembly gap) 3 component thickness Figure 1 Closed butt joint ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rig
43、hts reserved 5Key 1 closed joint length 2 closed joint width (assembly gap) 3 lap length 4 component thickness Figure 2 Closed lap joint 3.4.2 open joint joint in which the gap is filled with filler metal by gravity NOTE 1 See Figure 3, which shows two components with parallel faces prepared for sol
44、dering or brazing. NOTE 2 This process is often described as braze welding. NOTE 3 For soldering/brazing with radiation and soldering/brazing with an electric arc, mixtures of joint types, i.e. butt weld at raised edge or butt weld at lap joint, are also possible. Key 1 open joint length 2 open join
45、t width (assembly gap) 3 component thickness Figure 3 Open butt joint (square butt joint) 3.4.3 soldering or brazing gap narrow, mainly parallel gap between the components to be soldered or brazed, measured at the soldering or brazing temperature ISO 857-2:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3.4.4
46、 assembly gap narrow, mainly parallel gap between the components to be soldered or brazed, measured at room temperature 3.5 soldered/brazed assemblies Terms relating to soldered/brazed assemblies are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. soldered/brazed assembly/component I parent material zone II soldere
47、d/brazed joint III heat-affected zone IV soldering/brazing seam V diffusion/transition zone VI Terms relating to components solder/braze metal zone VII parent material 1 parent material affected by the soldering/brazing process 2 diffusion/transition zone 3 Terms relating to materials solder/braze m
48、etal 4 Figure 4 Terms relating to components and materials in soldered/brazed assemblies ISO 857-2:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 7Key Material Assembly Dimensions 1 parent material 2 parent material affected by the soldering/brazing process 3 diffusion/transition zone 4 solder/braze metal IV
49、heat-affected zone V soldering/brazing seam t component thickness J effective joint width W lap length Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a soldered/brazed joint 3.5.1 assembly 3.5.1.1 soldered or brazed assembly assembly formed by soldering or brazing two or more components together NOTE An assembly may subsequently become a component in another, larger, assembly. 3.5.1.2 soldering or brazing seam region of the joint comprising the solder/braze material and the diffusion/transition zones 3.5.1.3 heat-aff
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