1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8579-2 First edition 1993-02-01 Acceptance code for gears - Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units during acceptance testing Code de rkception des engrenages - Partie 2: DBtermination des vibrations mkaniques dune transmission par engrenages au cows d
2、es essais de rtkeption Reference number IS0 8579-2: 1993(E) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IS0 8579-2:1993(E) Contents Page 1 Scope .,_.,.,_._._._._ 1 2
3、Normative reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Definitions ,., 1 4 General 2 5 Instrumentation . 3 6 Vibration measurements 3 7 Testing 4 6 Acceptance values 4 9 Test report . 6
4、 Annexes A Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 B Effects of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5、. . _ 9 C Vibration instruments and characteristic considerations 10 D Subjective vibration ratings 12 E Bibliography 14 0 IS0 1993 All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced or utiltzed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfi
6、lm, without permission in writing from the publisher. international Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l Cl-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproductio
7、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IS0 8579-2:1993(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 te
8、chnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates clo
9、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter- national Standard requires approval by at least
10、 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 8579-2 was prepared jointly by Technical Committees ISO/TC 60, Gears and ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock. IS0 8579 consists of the following parts, under the general title Accept- ance code for gears: - Part 1: Determina
11、tion of airborne sound power levels emitted by gear units - Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units during acceptance testing Annexes A, B, C, D and E of this part of IS0 8579 are for information only. . . III Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by
12、IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8579-2:1993(E) Acceptance code for gears - Part 2: Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units during acceptance testing 1 Scope 1.1 This part of IS0 8579
13、specifies the methods for determining mechanical vibration of individually housed, enclosed, speed-increasing and speed- reducing gear units. It specifies methods for measuring housing and shaft vibrations, and the types of instrumentation, measurement methods and testing procedures for determining
14、vibration levels. Vibration grades for acceptance are included. It does not include torsional vibration measurements of a geared system. This part of IS0 8579 applies only to a gear unit un- der test and operating within its design speed, load, temperature range and lubrication for acceptance testin
15、g at the manufacturers facility. The gear unit may be tested at another location if agreed upon and operated in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Other International Standards on vibration evaluation may be required for measuring gear unit vibration in field service. This part of IS
16、0 8579 does not apply to special or auxiliary drive trains, such as integrated gear-driven compressors, pumps, turbines, etc., and power take-off gears. NOTE 1 Acceptance limits for tests of these types of equipment should be independently specified. However, if negotiated, this or other appropriate
17、 standards may be applied to such equipment. 1.2 Special provisions may be required for vi- bration measurements: the type of measurement and acceptance level should therefore be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser at an early stage of negotiation. 2 Normative reference The following stand
18、ard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IS0 8579. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and pat-ties to agreements based on this part of IS0 8579 are encouraged to investi- gate
19、 the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tion of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid In- ternational Standards. IS0 2041:1990, Vibration and shock - Vocabulary. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 8579, the defi- nitions
20、given in IS0 2041, together with the follow- ing, apply. For the convenience of users of this part of IS0 8579, some definitions are quoted from IS0 2041:1990. 3.1 non-contact transducer: A transducer which converts a distance or displacement to an electrical signal that is proportional to the dista
21、nce or dis- placement. 3.2 acceleration: A vector that specifies the time- derivative of velocity. ISO 2041, I.31 NOTE 2 See annex A. 1 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
22、 from IHS-,-,-IS0 8579-2:1993(E) 3.3 displacement; relative displacement: A vector quantity that specifies the change of position of a body, or particle, with respect to a reference frame. ISO 2041, I.11 or position of a mechanical system, when the mag- nitude is alternately greater and smaller than
23、 some average value or reference. ISO 2041, 2.11 NOTE 3 See annex A. 4 General 3.4 frequency reponse: The output signal ex- pressed as a function of the frequency of the input signal. The frequency response is usually given graphically by curves showing the relationship of the output signal and, whe
24、re applicable, phase shift or phase angle as a function of frequency. ISO 2041, B.131 3.5 peak-to-peak value (of a vibration): The al- gebraic difference between the extreme values of the vibration. ISO 2041, 2.351 3.6 root-mean-square value: r.m.s. value: For a single-valued function I(t) over an i
25、nterval of time between t, and t2, the square root of the average of the squared values over the interval. NOTES 4 The r.m.s. value of a single-valued function j(r) over an interval between f, and c is r.m.s. value = I 2flr)2dr,(r2 - 1,) 1 1 112 5 In vibration theory, the mean value of the vibration
26、 is equal to zero. In this case, the r.m.s. value is equal to the standard deviation and the mean-square value is equal to the variance ISO 2041, A.371 3.7 transducer: A device designed to receive en- ergy from one system and supply energy, of either the same or of a different kind, to another in su
27、ch a manner that the desired characteristics of the input energy appear at the output. ISO 2041, 4.11 3.8 velocity: relative velocity: A vector that speci- ties the time-derivative of displacement. ISO 2041, 1.23 NOTE 6 See annex A. 3.9 vibration: The variation with time of the magni- tude of a quan
28、tity which is descriptive of the motion 4.1 System consldered The gear unit should be tested in such a manner as to minimize as far as possible effects of the system (see annex B). 4.2 Effects of system Vibration levels of the gear unit in field service may be adversely affected by factors beyond th
29、e control of the gear manufacturer, as listed in annex B. It is preferable to estimate the vibration of the whole system and to check the system effects at the initial design stage of a transmission system. The re- sponsibility for checking should be clearly defined during this stage and all interes
30、ted parties made aware of the decision. 4.3 Housing or shaft measurements The vibrations of a gear unit can be measured in two ways, i.e. on the housing or on the shafts. Housing vibration measurements are preferred for gear units operating with rolling contact bearings when the clearance in such be
31、arings is small and little rela- tive movement normally occurs between the shaft and housing. Both shaft and housing vibration measurements may be made on gear units operating with plain journal bearings. Shaft vibration measurements can provide detailed information which may not be evi- dent from h
32、ousing measurements, but only over a limited frequency range (typically 0 Hz to 500 Hz). Housing vibration measurements have the advan- tage of having both an extended frequency range and an extended dynamic range which are essential when considering frequency of tooth contact. See the provisions of
33、 1.2. Care shall be taken when choosing the measure- ment instrument for a given gear unit and operating conditions, as each instrument has its own charac- teristics (see annex C). It is otten useful to combine both shaft and housing vibration measurements to obtain an absolute motion of the gear un
34、it shaft. When operating conditions during acceptance test- ing deviate considerably from field service, the dif- ferences shall be taken into account in the assessment of vibration data. 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleN
35、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5 Instrumentation IS0 8579-2:1993(E) 5.3 Permissible error 5.1 Type Vibration shall be measured using a transducer and an instrument with a known accuracy for the measurement of velocity and displacement across a known frequency ran
36、ge. The instrument shall also have an electrical output signal of known accuracy related to velocity or displacement, or both. The transducer shall be used within its calibrated limits for the mounting method and for the prevailing en- vironmental conditions such as temperature, mag- netic field, su
37、rface finish, etc. The type and use of vibration instrumentation systems shall comply with the appropriate International Standards. The instru- mentation should preferably include a facility for narrow-band frequencyanalysis with a bandwidth not exceeding one-third-octave. 5.1.1 Shaft measurement in
38、strumentation The recommended type of transducer for measuring shaft vibration is a non-contacting transducer. The instrument shall allow a reading of peak-to-peak values of vibration displacement to be taken. How- ever, contacting transducers are acceptable if the rotational frequency of the shaft
39、is less than 3 000 min- , the signal frequency is less than 200 Hz, and surface rubbing velocity is less than 30 m/s. 5.1.2 Housing measurement instrumentation The recommended type of transducer for measuring housing vibration is a seismic transducer. The equipment shall include an electrical instru
40、ment with a true r.m.s. rectification characteristic giving the r.m.s. values of vibration velocity in millimetres per second. The mounting method can affect the frequency response of the transducer; it should therefore be mounted with a screw or stud, or using bonding material. Magnetic mounting us
41、ing light- weight accelerometers, may be acceptable for fre- quencies up to 3 000 Hz if the highest fundamental frequency of tooth meshing is less than 1 000 Hz. Hand-held contact measurements are not accept- able. 5.2 Measurement frequency range The instrument measurement frequency range shall be c
42、apable of measuring the lowest shaft rotational speed and the highest tooth mesh frequency. The shaft displacement frequency measurement range should be between 0 Hz and 500 Hz. The housing velocity frequency measurement range when using integrated acceleration measurements should pref- erably be be
43、tween 10 Hz and 10 000 Hz or more. The measuring instrumentation system, including both the transducer and read-out instrumentation shall be capable of indicating the vibration level within a permissible error of 10 % of the reading over the entire operating temperature range. 5.4 Calibration The vi
44、bration read-out instrumentation shall be checked against a reference signal and any speci- fied adjustments made immediately before and re- checked immediately after each series of gear unit vibration measurements. Calibrations of the complete measuring equipment should be carried out at least once
45、 every 2 years. 6 Vibration measurements 6.1 Shaft measurements Vibration displacement of the shafts should prefer- ably be measured relative to the housing. Non- contacting transducers should be used, located as near to a bearing as possible and attached to rigid housing sections. Shaff vibration s
46、hall be measured in three orthogonal directions (mutually perpen- dicular axes), one of which shall be parallel to the shaft axis. Only one such axial transducer per shaft is necessary. The number and location of trans- ducers shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. The mechanic
47、al and electrical run-out should pref- erably not exceed 25 % of the allowable vibration displacement at the shaft rotational frequency, or 6 pm, whichever is the greater. Shaft mechanical and electrical run-out at the transducer locations may be subtracted from the vibration readings to give the ac
48、tual vibration levels, provided the vector and phase relationships are maintained between the run-out and the shaft vibration measurement. The permissible error in the actual vibration measure- ment for such subtraction shall not exceed that specified in 5.3. 6.2 Housing measurements Housing vibrati
49、on shall be measured on a rigid housing section such as a bearing block. Measure- ments shall not be made on housing sections which do not support the bearings since they are not in- dicative of gear unit performance. Measurements shall be taken in three orthogonal directions, two of which lie in a plane perpendicular to the rotating axis of the gears, preferably horizontal and vertical. It is recommended that measurements be taken at each externally accessible bearing loc
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