ISO 8705-2005 Mopeds - Measurement method for location of centre of gravity《机动脚踏两用车 重心位置的测量方法》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8705 Second edition 2005-09-01 Mopeds Measurement method for location of centre of gravity Cyclomoteurs Mthode de mesure de lemplacement du centre de gravit ISO 8705:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefa

2、ces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infring

3、ing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimi

4、zed for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no p

5、art of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale

6、 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Defin

7、itions of axis systems . 1 4 Measurement conditions . 1 5 Measuring instruments (apparatus) 2 6 Measuring procedure . 3 6.1 Location of centre of gravity along x-axis 3 6.2 Location of centre of gravity along y-axis 6 6.3 Location of centre of gravity along z-axis 9 7 Test results 16 Annex A (normat

8、ive) Format for measurement results 17 ISO 8705:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out t

9、hrough ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO colla

10、borates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Sta

11、ndards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o

12、f this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8705 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 23, Mopeds. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 870

13、5:1991) which has been technically revised. ISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction The stability of a moped is a very important element of its active safety. The moped/rider combination and the environment in which this combination is used form a unique closed-loop system. Howe

14、ver, the evaluation of the moped/rider combination stability is extremely complex because of interaction of the intrinsic moped stability, the influence of position of the rider and his response to continuously changing conditions. In the evaluation of moped stability, the determination of the kinet

15、ic characteristics of the moped/rider combination is considered an important part of the design parameters of the vehicle itself. The test procedure described in this International Standard deals with one aspect of the kinetic characteristics: the determination of the centre of gravity of the moped

16、and of the moped/rider combination. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Mopeds Measurement method for location of centre of gravity 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a measuring method for determining the location of the centre of gravity of the moped a

17、nd of the moped/rider combination. It applies to two-wheeled mopeds. Other measuring methods can be used if it is demonstrated that the results are equivalent. The measuring results obtained by the method given in this International Standard alone (see Annex A) cannot be used for an evaluation of th

18、e vehicle stability because they deal with only one aspect of this very complex phenomenon. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editi

19、on of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3779, Road vehicles Vehicle identification number (VIN) Content and structure 49 CFR Part 572, subpart B Code of Federal Regulations, issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 3 Definitions of axis syste

20、ms 3.1 The moped axis system (x, y, z) is a right-hand orthogonal axis system fixed in the moped such that when the moped is moving in a straight line on a level road, the x-axis is substantially horizontal, points forwards and is in the longitudinal plane of symmetry. The y-axis points to the rider

21、s left side and the z-axis points upwards. This coordinate system applies to translation motion and rotational motion together with the moped. Assuming that the moped is fixed to the platform, the coordinate system is also applied to the platform. 3.2 The Earth-fixed axis system (X, Y, Z) is a right

22、-hand orthogonal axis system fixed on the Earth. The X- and Y-axes are in a horizontal plane and the Z-axis points upwards. 4 Measurement conditions 4.1 Measurement conditions for a moped shall be as follows: a) the moped shall be free from mud and deformation, and operate normally; b) the fuel shal

23、l be filled up to the top level specified in the operation manual; c) lubricating oil and cooling water shall be filled up to the level specified in the operation manual; ISO 8705:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reservedd) tyre pressure shall be as specified in the operation manual; e) tools shall be

24、provided at the regular storage positions; f) front and rear suspension systems shall be fixed at a static position; g) the front wheel shall be positioned along the x-axis. If the conditions are to be modified according to the object of the measurement, the modified conditions shall be recorded in

25、the measurement report. 4.2 Measurement conditions when a rider is on the moped shall be as follows: a) measurement conditions of the moped shall be as set forth as in 4.1; b) a test dummy 1 )having a mass of 73,4 kg, or an equivalent man, shall be used as the rider; c) the rider shall be positioned

26、 as follows: 1) the rider shall be positioned on the vertical centre surface of the moped; 2) the rider shall sit on the seat, hold the handle bar by both hands, and place both feet on the foot rests; 3) obtain the angle formed by the line connecting the point S 2 )and point H 3 )and the x-axis; tha

27、t angle shall be the angle of the riders posture; 4) obtain the distance between the front axle and the point H along the x-axis, that distance shall be the seating position of the rider. However, if the conditions are to be modified according to the object of measurement, the modified conditions sh

28、all be recorded in the measurement report. 5 Measuring instruments (apparatus) Measuring instruments to measure the centre of gravity shall be as follows or having equivalent functions and accuracy. 5.1 precision square level, that can measure up to 0,1 mm/1 m. 5.2 steel tape measure, with a toleran

29、ce of 0,3 + 0,1(L 1) mm at a length, L expressed in metres. 5.3 angle gauge, that can measure the rotational angle to 0,1 electrically or mechanically. 5.4 weighing scales, with enough accuracy to weigh the object to 0,1 kg. 5.5 support, used when placing the platform on the weighing scale. 5.6 plat

30、form, with the highest possible rigidity and of light weight. 1 ) Test dummy as specified in 49 CFR Part 572, subpart B, or equivalent. 2 ) Point indicating the centre of rotation of the dorso and the arms of the rider. 3 ) Point indicating the centre of rotation of the dorso and femoral regions of

31、the rider. ISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 5.7 knife edge, the roundness of which at the edge shall be below 1 mm in radius 4 ) . NOTE An edge angle below 90 is recommended. 5.8 weights, to incline the platform. 6 Measuring procedure 6.1 Location of centre of gravity along x-axis 6.1

32、.1 Location of centre of gravity of the empty platform along x-axis Measure the location of the centre of gravity of the empty platform along the x-axis as follows (see Figure 1): a) place supports (5.5) at the centres of the front and rear weighing scales and measure the respective loads, P KFand P

33、 KR ; b) place the platform (5.6) on the two supports, such that its centre of gravity lies directly above the line connecting the two supports (the platform includes any brackets/wires necessary to hold the moped; NOTE If it is difficult to locate the centre of gravity above the line connecting the

34、 two supports, use additional sets of a weighing scale and a support, such that the centre of gravity falls on the area framed by additional supports and the support F and R. c) measure the distance, x PF , along the x-axis from the point A at the front end of the platform to the support F on the fr

35、ont side and the distance, x PR , along the x-axis from the point A to the support R on the rear side; d) measure the loads, P FRand P RR , distributed to the front and rear supports; e) calculate the distance x Palong the x-axis from the point A at the front end of the platform to the centre of gra

36、vity using the following equations: PF FR KF PPP = (1) PR RR KR PPP = (2) PF PF PR PR P PF PR xP xP x PP + = +(3) where P PFis the load of the platform distributed to support F, in newtons; P FRis the total load given by the platform and the load given by support F distributed to support F, in newto

37、ns; P KFis the load of support F, in newtons; P PRis the load of the platform distributed to support R, in newtons; P RRis the total load given by the platform and the load given by support R distributed to support R, in newtons; 4 ) The roundness at the edge is the form of edge finished sharply whe

38、n rounded with the load applied to it. ISO 8705:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reservedP KRis the load of support R, in newtons; x Pis the distance from point A at the front end of the platform to the centre of gravity along the x-axis, in millimetres; x PFis the distance from point A at the front en

39、d of the platform to support F along the x-axis, in millimetres; x PRis the distance from point A at the front end of the platform to support R along the x-axis, in millimetres. Figure 1 Location of centre of gravity of the platform along the x-axis 6.1.2 Location of centre of gravity of moped along

40、 the x-axis Measure the location of the centre of gravity of the moped 5 )along the x-axis as follows (see Figure 2): a) place the moped on the platform, such that the tyre centrelines are parallel to and vertically above the line connecting the two supports and fix it so it cannot move, lateral inc

41、lination angle of the moped to the platform shall be 0 0,5; b) measure the distance, x F , along the x-axis from point A at the front end of the platform to the front axle of the moped; c) measure the loads, P MFand P MR , distributed to the front and rear supports; d) calculate the distance, x g ,

42、along the x-axis from the front axle of the moped to the location of centre of gravity using the following equations: 5 ) The case here includes both cases of the moped without and the moped with a rider. ISO 8705:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 mTP mmm = (4) TF MF KF PPP = (5) TR MR KR PPP =

43、 (6) PF TF PR TR T TF TR xP xP x PP + = +(7) TT PP m m xm xm x m = (8) gmF xxx = (9) where m mis the mass of the moped, in kilograms; m Tis the total mass of the moped and platform, in kilograms; m Pis the mass of the platform, in kilograms; P TFis the load of the platform and moped distributed to s

44、upport F, in newtons; P MFis the total load given by the platform and moped, and the load given by support F distributed to support F, in newtons; P TRis the load of the platform and moped distributed to support R, in newtons; P MRis the total load given by the platform and moped, and the load given

45、 by support R distributed to support R, in newtons; x Tis the distance from point A at the front end of the platform to the centre of gravity of both moped and platform along the x-axis, in millimetres; x mis the distance from point A at the front end of the platform to the centre of gravity of the

46、moped along the x-axis, in millimetres; x gis the distance from the front axle of the moped to the centre of gravity along the x-axis, in millimetres; x Fis the distance from point A at the front end of the platform to the front axle of the moped along the x-axis, in millimetres. ISO 8705:2005(E) 6

47、ISO 2005 All rights reservedFigure 2 Location of centre of gravity of the moped along x-axis 6.2 Location of centre of gravity along y-axis 6.2.1 Location of centre of gravity of the empty platform along y-axis Measure the location of the centre of gravity of the empty platform along the y-axis as f

48、ollows (see Figure 3): a) place supports at the centres of the right and left weighing scales and measure the respective loads, P KLand P KR ; b) place the platform on the two supports, such that its centre of gravity lies directly above the line connecting the two supports (the platform includes an

49、y brackets/wires necessary to hold the moped); if it is difficult to locate the centre of gravity above the line connecting the two supports, use additional sets of a weighing scale and a support, such that the centre of the gravity falls on the area framed by additional supports and supports F and R; c) measure the distance, y PL , along the y-axis from point B at the left end of the platform to support L on the left side and the distance, y PR , along the y-axis from point B to support R on the right si