ISO 8995-1-2002 Lighting of work places - Part 1 Indoor《照明和工作场所 第1部分 室内》.pdf

1、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Lighting of indoor work places clairage intrieur pour des lieux de travail ISO 8995 CIE S 008/E Reference number ISO 8995:2002(E) CIE S 008/E-2001 ISO 2002 Second edition 2002-05-15ISO 8995:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance wit

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4、y care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise speci

5、fied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ca

6、se postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ISO 8995:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

7、 bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiza

8、tions, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standard ISO 8995 was prepared as Standard CIE S 008/E by the

9、 International Commission on Illumination, which has been recognized by the ISO Council as an international standardizing body. It was adopted by ISO under a special procedure which requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote, and is published as a joint ISO/CIE edition. T

10、he International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) is an organization devoted to international cooperation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. Attention is drawn to the possibility that

11、 some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 8995 was prepared jointly by CIE TC 3-21 and ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of

12、the physical environment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8995:1989), of which it constitutes a technical revision.ISO 8995:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved (Blankpage) Standard Lighting of Indoor Work Places Eclairage intrieur pour des lieux de travail Beleuch

13、tung von Arbeitspltzen in Innenrumen CIE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CIE. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna S 008/E Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: 628.972 Descriptor: Interior lighting CIE S 008/E-2

14、001 ISO 8995:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vCIE S 008/E-2001 II CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved CIE 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and

15、 microfilm, without permission in writing from CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 713 0838 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at Web: www.cie.co.at/cie ISO 8995:2002(E) vi ISO 2002 All rights reserved CIE S 008/E-2001 C

16、IE, 2001 - All rights reserved III Foreword Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de lclairage (CIE) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source

17、 of internationally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. This International Standard was prepared jointly by CIE-TC 3-21 and ISO/TC 159/SC 5. It replaces publication CIE 29.2-1986 and deals with Lighting Requirements for Indoor Work Pl

18、aces. Table of contents FOREWORD . III INTRODUCTION 1 1. SCOPE. 1 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3. DEFINITIONS . 2 4. LIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA . 2 4.1 Luminous environment. 2 4.2 Luminance distribution. 3 4.3 Illuminance. 3 4.3.1 Recommended illuminances at the task area . 3 4.3.2 Scale of illuminance.

19、4 4.3.3 Illuminances of immediate surroundings 4 4.3.4 Uniformity 4 4.4 Glare 5 4.4.1 Shielding against glare. 5 4.4.2 Discomfort glare. 5 4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare. 6 4.5 Directionality 6 4.5.1 Modelling . 6 4.5.2 Directional lighting of visual tasks. 6 4.6 Colour aspects. 6 4.6

20、.1 Colour appearance. 7 4.6.2 Colour rendering 7 4.7 Daylight 7 4.8 Maintenance 8 4.9 Energy considerations 8 4.10 Lighting of workstations with visual display terminals VDT . 8 4.11 Flicker and stroboscopic effect. 8 4.12 Emergency lighting. 9 5. SCHEDULE OF LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 9 6. VERIFICATION

21、PROCEDURES . 17 6.1 Illuminance. 17 6.2 Unified glare rating. 17 6.3 Colour rendering index (R a ) 17 6.4 Colour appearance (T cp ). 17 6.5 Maintenance 17 6.6 Luminaire luminance 17 6.7 Tolerances in measurements. 18 CIE, 2001 ISO 8995:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved viiCIE S 008/E-2001 IV CIE,

22、 2001 - All rights reserved ISO 8995:2002(E) viii ISO 2002 All rights reserved (Blankpage) CIE S 008/E-2001 CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved 1 LIGHTING OF INDOOR WORK PLACES Introduction Good lighting will create a visual environment that enables people to see, to move about safely and to perform vis

23、ual tasks efficiently, accurately and safely without causing undue visual fatigue and discomfort. The illumination may be daylight, electric light or combination of both. Good lighting requires equal attention to the quantity and quality of the lighting. While the provision of sufficient illuminance

24、 on the task is necessary, in many instances the visibility depends on the way in which the light is delivered, the colour characteristics of the light source and surfaces together with the level of glare from the system. In this standard opportunity was taken to specify for various work places and

25、task types not just the illuminance but also the limiting discomfort glare and minimum colour rendering index of the source. Parameters to create comfortable visual conditions are proposed in the body of this standard. The recommended values are considered to represent a reasonable balance, having r

26、egard to the requirements for safe, healthy and efficient work performance. The values can be achieved with practical energy efficient solutions. There are also visual ergonomic parameters such as perceptual ability and the characteristics and attributes of the task, which determine the quality of t

27、he operators visual skills, and hence performance levels. In some cases enhancement of these influencing factors can improve performance without the need to raise illuminance. For example by improving the contrast of the task attributes, enlarging the task by the use of up to date visual aids (glass

28、es) and by the provision of special lighting systems with local directional lighting capability. 1. Scope This standard specifies lighting requirements for indoor work places and for people to perform the visual tasks efficiently, in comfort and safety throughout the whole work period. This standard

29、 does not explain how lighting systems or techniques should be designed to optimise solutions for specific work places. These may be found in the relevant CIE guides and reports. 2. Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute prov

30、isions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying most recent editions of the standards indicated belo

31、w. Members of CIE, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) maintain registers of currently valid international standards. ISO 3864 Safety colours and safety signs ISO 6309 Fire protection - safety signs ISO 6385 Ergonomic princ

32、iples in the design of work systems ISO 9241 Parts 6/7/8 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals CIE 13.3 - 1995 Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering of light sources CIE 16 - 1970 Daylight CIE 17.4 - 1987 International lighting vocabulary 4th ed. equivale

33、nt to IEC 50(845) CIE 19.2 - 1981 An analytic model for describing the influence of lighting parameters upon visual performance CIE 40 - 1978 Calculations for interior lighting - basic method CIE 58 - 1983 Lighting for sports halls ISO 8995:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 CIE S 008/E-2001 2 C

34、IE, 2001 - All rights reserved CIE 60 - 1984 Vision and the visual display unit work station CIE 62 - 1984 Lighting for swimming pools CIE 96 - 1992 Electric light sources. State of the art - 1991 CIE 97 - 1992 Maintenance of indoor electric lighting systems CIE 103/5 - 1993 The economics of interio

35、r lighting maintenance CIE 117 - 1995 Discomfort glare in interior lighting CIE 129 - 1998 Guide for lighting of exterior work areas 3. Definitions In general the terms used in this standard are defined in the CIE Lighting Vocabulary (CIE 17.4 1987), but there are few more terms that are defined bel

36、ow: 3.1 visual task: The visual elements of the task to be carried out. 3.2 task area: The partial area in the work place in which the visual task is located and carried out. 3.3 immediate surrounding: A zone of at least 0,5 m width surrounding the task area within the field of vision. 3.4 maintaine

37、d illuminance ( m E ): Value below which the average illuminance on the specified surface should not fall. 3.5 unified glare rating (UGR): The CIE discomfort glare measure. 3.6 limiting unified glare rating (UGR L ): The maximum allowable design UGR value for the lighting installation. 3.7 Shielding

38、 angle: the angle measured from the horizontal, down to which the lamp(s) is screened by the luminaire from direct view by an observer. 3.8 Working plane: the reference surface defined as the plane at which work is usually done. 4. Lighting design criteria 4.1 Luminous environment Good lighting prac

39、tice for work places is more than just providing good task visibility. It is essential that tasks are performed easily and in comfort. Thus the lighting must satisfy the quantitative and qualitative aspects demanded by the environment. In general lighting is to ensure: - visual comfort, where the wo

40、rkers have a feeling of well-being, - visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual tasks, speedily and accurately even under difficult circumstances and during long periods, - visual safety, to see ones way around and detect hazards. To satisfy these, attention to all param

41、eters contributing to the luminous environment is required. The main parameters are: - luminance distribution, - illuminance, -g l a r e , - directionality of light, - colour aspect of the light and surfaces, - flicker, - daylight, - maintenance. ISO 8995:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved CIE S

42、 008/E-2001 CIE, 2001 - All rights reserved 3 Design values for the quantifiable parameters of illuminance, discomfort glare and colour rendering are given in clause 5 for the various activities. Note: In addition to the lighting there are other visual ergonomic parameters which influence operators

43、visual performance, such as: a) the intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, colour and reflectance of detail and background) b) ophthalmic capacity of the operator (visual acuity, depth perception, colour perception). Attention to these factors can enhance visual performance without the ne

44、ed for higher illuminance. 4.2 Luminance distribution The luminance distribution in the field of view controls the adaptation level of the eyes, which affects task visibility. A well balanced adaptation luminance is needed to increase: - visual acuity (sharpness of vision), - contrast sensitivity (d

45、iscrimination of relatively small luminance differences), - efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation, convergence, pupillary contraction, eye movements, etc.). Diverse luminance distribution in the field of view also affects visual comfort and should be avoided: - too high luminance

46、s can give rise to glare. - too high luminance contrasts will cause visual fatigue due to continuous readaptation of the eyes. - too low luminances and too low luminance contrasts result in a dull and non- stimulating working environment. - attention should be given to adaptation in moving from zone

47、 to zone within a building. The luminances of all surfaces are important and will be determined by the reflectance of and the illuminance on the surfaces. The range of useful reflectances for the major interior surfaces are: - ceiling: 0,6 - 0,9 - walls: 0,3 - 0,8 - working planes: 0,2 - 0,6 - floor

48、: 0,1 - 0,5 4.3 Illuminance The illuminance and its distribution on the task areas and the surrounding area have a major impact on how quickly, safely and comfortably a person perceives and carries out the visual task. For spaces where the specific area is unknown the area where the task may occur i

49、s taken as the task area. All values of illuminances specified in this standard are maintained illuminances and will provide for visual safety at work and visual performance needs. 4.3.1 Recommended illuminances at the task area The values given in clause 5 are the maintained illuminances over the task area on the reference surface which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the values given in clause 5 regardless of