ISO 9652-4-2000 Masonry - Part 4 Test methods《砌体工程 第4部分 试验方法》.pdf

1、Reference number ISO 9652-4:2000(E) ISO 2000 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9652-4 First edition 2000-09-15 Masonry Part 4: Test methods Maonneries Partie 4: Mthodes dessaiISO 9652-4:2000(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this fil

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4、t the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2000 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in

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6、749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2000 All rights reservedISO 9652-4:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Sampling.2 5 Determination of compressive s

7、trength of masonry units .2 5.1 General2 5.2 Sample size 2 5.3 Preparation of specimens.2 5.4 Apparatus .6 5.5 Test procedure.7 5.6 Calculation of results 7 5.7 Test report 7 5.8 Normalized compressive strength.8 6 Determination of compressive strength of mortar.9 6.1 Introduction9 6.2 Sampling.9 6.

8、3 Preparation and storage of test specimens9 6.4 Determination of compressive strength12 6.5 Test report 14 7 Determination of the compressive strength of masonry.15 7.1 General15 7.2 Number of specimens .15 7.3 Preparation of specimens.15 7.4 Apparatus .17 7.5 Test procedure.18 7.6 Calculations of

9、compressive strength 18 7.7 Test report 19 7.8 Modified results .19 8 Determination of the flexural strength of masonry20 8.1 General20 8.2 Sample size 20 8.3 Preparation of specimens.21 8.4 Apparatus .23 8.5 Test procedure.23 8.6 Calculations23 8.7 Test report 23 8.8 Modified results .24ISO 9652-4:

10、2000(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved 9 Water absorption test for clay units (5-h boil) .25 9.1 Test specimens 25 9.2 Accuracy of weighings25 9.3 Preparation of specimens.25 9.4 Test procedure .25 9.5 Calculations25 9.6 Test report 26 Annex A (informative) Values of shape factor .27 Bibliography 2

11、8ISO 9652-4:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Eac

12、h member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internation

13、al Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for

14、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 9652 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying an

15、y or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 9652-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 179, Masonry, Subcommittee SC 3, Test methods. ISO 9652 consists of the following parts, under the general title Masonry: Part 1: Unreinforced masonry design by calculation Part 2: Unreinforced

16、masonry design by simple rules Part 3: Code of practice for design of reinforced masonry Part 4: Test methods Part 5: Vocabulary Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 9652.ISO 9652-4:2000(E) vi ISO 2000 All rights reserved Introduction ISO/TC 179 is responsible for the International Sta

17、ndards for design of masonry, either by calculation (see ISO 9652-1) or by simple rules (see ISO 9652-2). The test methods given in this part of ISO 9652 are standard reference test methods. They are used to determine the properties of masonry units, mortars and masonry elements needed in the design

18、 of structures. Test methods in national standards for determining the resistance of masonry units and elements to loads show considerable differences. This no doubt reflects both the history of the derivation of the test and the purpose to which the results are put, but the effect is that design me

19、thods are different in different countries. Researchers into masonry problems may use test methods, which differ again. National standards are appropriate for use in a particular country, as are research methods for specific investigations. However, parallel tests following the methods given in this

20、 part of ISO 9652 are necessary in order to establish a relationship between them and in order that a precise comparison of test results using different test methods may be obtained with confidence. The results from the reference test methods in this part of ISO 9652 are intended to provide a basic

21、common datum against which data obtained by different test methods may be strictly compared. More attention has been paid to precision and repeatability than to the provision of test methods of universal applicability. Even if all laboratories do not have the equipment to carry out these standard re

22、ference tests, there will usually be a national, often governmental, laboratory that has.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9652-4:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 1 Masonry Part 4: Test methods 1 Scope This part of ISO 9652 specifies reference methods for testing a) the compressive strength of masonry

23、units; b) the compressive strength of masonry; c) the flexural strength of masonry; d) the water absorption of clay units; and e) the compressive strength of mortar. It is applicable to masonry built with units of fired clay, calcium silicate, concrete (including autoclaved aerated concrete), natura

24、l stone or manufactured stone. NOTE The methods may be suitable for testing other walling materials, but they have not been examined as reference t e st sint h i sr e sp e ct . 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitu

25、te provisions of this part of ISO 9652. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 9652 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the nor

26、mative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2591-1, Test sieving Part 1: Methods using test sieves of woven wire cloth and perfora

27、ted metal plate. ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method. ISO 9652-5, Masonry Vocabulary. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of

28、 this part of ISO 9652, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9652-5 apply.ISO 9652-4:2000(E) 2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 4 Sampling The method of sampling and the number of specimens shall be stated in the test report and shall be chosen so that the sample is representative of the batch to be t

29、ested. If the testing laboratory does not carry out the sampling, this shall be stated in the test report. 5 Determination of compressive strength of masonry units 5.1 General The load at which a masonry unit fails in a compression test machine divided by the loaded area is defined as the crushing s

30、trength of that single unit. The compressive strength is defined as the arithmetical mean of the crushing strengths of a sample. The standard reference test requires a sample of 10 specimens, but provision is made for a smaller sample of 6 to be used when the coefficient of variation is known to be

31、low. It is the best guide to the strength of the consignment from which the sample was taken and may be used in conjunction with information about the composition of the mortar used in construction to estimate the strength of the resulting masonry wall. The test procedure uses a standard method of p

32、reparation to ensure that the surfaces are essentially plane and parallel so that the load is evenly distributed over the tested area. Specimens are tested wet but factors are provided to enable the results to be modified to give an approximate value for an air-dried specimen and to transform the re

33、sult by means of a shape factor correction to bring different sized units to assumed equivalence. In the test report there is provision for “Remarks“ under which exceptional features (e.g. badly cracked, chipped or misshapen specimens) should be recorded. 5.2 Sample size Sampling shall be carried ou

34、t in accordance with clause 4. The number of specimens shall be at least 10. If the coefficient of variation is known to be not greater than 15 %, the number of specimens may be reduced to 6. 5.3 Preparation of specimens 5.3.1 Test specimens Use test specimens sampled in accordance with clause 4. Co

35、ncrete masonry units other than autoclaved ones shall be stored for the required number of days before testing. This shall be recorded in the test report (see 5.7). For certain forms of construction, it will be necessary to test the units in more than one orientation. Units used in the normal manner

36、 are understood to be laid with their bed faces horizontal, as shown in Figure 1. 5.3.2 Dimensions of units 5.3.2.1 General In order to meet the requirements of d) and e) of the test report (see 5.7), make a sketch and description of the unit using the following procedures (see Figure 2).ISO 9652-4:

37、2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 3 a) Group I Units which are solid or withu u u u 25 % by volume of formed vertical holes that may or may not pass right through the unit, or units withu u u u 25 % by volume of frogs in the bed faces b) Group II Units with 25 % and 60 % by volume of formed verti

38、cal holes which may or may not pass through the units c) Group III Units with 50 % by volume of formed horizontal holes, which may or may not pass through the units Figure 1 Units in normal aspectISO 9652-4:2000(E) 4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved l = length t=w i d t h Figure 2 Example of dimensions

39、5.3.2.2 Gross area of the loaded surface This subclause applies to all types of masonry unit, including those to be used with a divided joint (face-shell bedded), that is, the gap between the twin strips of mortar is included in the overall area (see 5.5.1). Make three measurements of the dimensions

40、 of the gross plan area to the nearest 1 mm at the top, middle and bottom of the unit. Multiply the means of these three measurements of length and width together to calculate the gross area. 5.3.2.3 Determination of the proportion and size of voids Measure the dimensions of the voids directly if th

41、ey are large enough. Calculate and record the total cross- sectional area of voids and express it as a percentage of the gross area. Otherwise proceed as follows. a) Make three measurements of the height of the unit to the nearest 1 mm at the middle and two ends. Use the mean to multiply by the gros

42、s area to obtain the gross volume that is recorded to the nearest 1 000 mm 3 . b) Place the unit on a thin sheet of foam rubber with the holes in a vertical position. Using a measuring cylinder filled with fine dry sand, fill the holes and record the volume of sand used, to the nearest 1 000 mm 3 .

43、c) Express the volume of sand as a percentage of the gross unit volume. 5.3.2.4 Net area If the voids were measured directly, subtract the cross-sectional area of voids from the gross area to obtain the net area. To find the average net area of units with voids too small to be measured directly, sub

44、tract the volume of the voids from the gross volume and divide by the mean height. 5.3.3 Bed face preparation 5.3.3.1 General Prepare each specimen so that the bed faces are plane to a tolerance of 0,1 mm per 100 mm of gauge length and the top surface lies between two parallel planes not greater tha

45、n 1 mm apart in 500 mm and parallel to the bottom surface. If the unit already meets these requirements, then test it directly. Otherwise use grinding or, as an alternative, capping with mortar as described in 5.3.3.2. Fill frogs and allow the mortar to cure before grinding.ISO 9652-4:2000(E) ISO 20

46、00 All rights reserved 5 5.3.3.2 Capping procedure 5.3.3.2.1 General Immerse the specimens in water for 18 h and then allow them to drain for approximately 10 min. Wipe off the surplus water. Use a capping mortar consisting of one part by volume of clean, well-graded sand with a maximum grain size o

47、f 2 mm, mixed with one part by volume of cement. The compressive strength of the mortar at the time of the test, determined as described in clause 6, shall be not less than 30 N/mm 2 . Treat each of the two bed faces in turn as described below, using mortar of the same composition made with the same

48、 constituents 5.3.3.2.2 Units without holes or with holes unfilled NOTE Ground plate glass or machined steel plates are the most suitable materials. The flatness tolerance can be checked by measuring deviations from straightness along a line parallel to, and close to, each specimen edge; along each

49、diagonal and along each centreline, using a straight edge raised by pads of equal thickness at each end of the specimen and an appropriate gauge at the centre. The deviation from flatness may be obtained be relating the deviations from straightness at the centre point of the plate and at other points where the lines described intersect. 5.3.3.2.2.1 Bed each specimen in the mortar on a smooth rigid plate, at least 25 mm longer and wider than the specimen, and plane to within 0,05 mm, using the