1、 ISO 2017 Performance standards in building Definition and calculation of area and space indicators Normes de performance dans le btiment Dfinition et calcul des indicateurs de surface et de volume INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9836 Third edition 2017-09 Reference number ISO 9836:2017(E) ISO 9836:2017(
2、E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or pos
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4、+41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 9836:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Units . 3 5 Intra-muros calculation methods and list of indicators for geometric performance 3 5.1 Surface areas . 3 5.1.1 Calculation principle
5、s 3 5.1.2 Covered area 3 5.1.3 Total floor area 3 5.1.4 Intra-muros area 5 5.1.5 Net floor area 5 5.1.6 Area of structural elements 6 5.1.7 Usable area 6 5.1.8 Services area 7 5.1.9 Circulation area . 8 5.1.10 Building envelope area . 8 5.1.11 Effective and actual building loss area 8 5.2 Volumes 15
6、 5.2.1 Calculation principles .15 5.2.2 Gross volume of buildings or parts of buildings which are enclosed and covered on all sides.17 5.2.3 Gross volume of buildings or parts of buildings which are not enclosed on all sides up to their full height, but which are covered 17 5.2.4 Gross volume of bui
7、ldings or parts of buildings which are enclosed by components, but which are not covered 18 5.2.5 Net volume .18 5.2.6 Net volume above intra-muros area 18 5.2.7 Net volume above usable area 18 5.2.8 Net volume above services area 19 5.2.9 Net volume above circulation area 19 5.3 Examples of indicat
8、ors 19 5.3.1 Surface area indicators 19 5.3.2 Space indicators.20 5.3.3 Area/volume indicators 21 5.4 Commentary .21 Annex A (informative) Examples of using building loss factors for a new construction .22 Bibliography .23 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 9836:2017(E) Foreword ISO
9、(the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical comm
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11、chnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was draft
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13、hts. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not consti
14、tute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
15、the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works, Subcommittee SC 15, Framework for the description of housing performance. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 9836:2011),
16、of which it constitutes a minor revision with the following changes plus other minor editorial modifications: in Figure 1, the intra-muros area has been changed; in 5.1.7.3, ISO 6241:1984, Tables 1 and 2 has been changed to ISO 19208:2016, Table B.1; in 5.4, ISO 6241:1984, Table 2 has been changed t
17、o ISO 19208:2016; in Bibliography, references have been added; in 5.1.11 g) and A.2, the decimal point expression has been corrected.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 9836:2017(E) Introduction The surface area and volume indicators derived from measuring spaces in buildings can be used to compare
18、aspects of value, such as the proportion of space or volume which can be utilized functionally. As approximate values for planning, they can be a basis for further developments. Reference to surface area and volume indicators when assessing buildings, which either already exist or which are in the p
19、lanning stage, indirectly indicates certain economic characteristics of the buildings. Thus, the relationship between the area taken up by the building and the usable area indicates whether the building costs and materials have been used to their best advantage. In the same way, the relationship bet
20、ween the area of the building envelope and the usable area shows the extent to which basic savings have been made on the envelope and the running costs of the heating and air conditioning systems. As far as the determination of the economic performance of whole buildings is concerned, surface area a
21、nd volume indicators contain basic data for calculation and comparison of capital costs and for running costs and maintenance. They give a basis for the minimization of running costs by limiting the amount of space and the cost of individual materials. For example, if the area of the external walls
22、is small compared to the usable area, this would indicate not only relatively low energy costs but also relatively low cleaning and maintenance costs for facades. NOTE Examples of using building loss factors for a new construction are given in Annex A. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Performance stan
23、dards in building Definition and calculation of area and space indicators 1 Scope This document specifies the definition and calculation of surface area and volume indicators. In defining area measurement, this document uses three measurement concepts: a) the intra-muros and extra-muros concept used
24、 in many parts of the world; b) the wall centre method of measurement used in many parts of the world; c) variations on these methods to comply with certain national laws or for particular types of buildings. The surface area and volume indicators defined in this document are intended for practical
25、use, as a basis for measuring various aspects of the performance of buildings or as a planning aid. In other words, they should enable judgement to be made on functional, technical and economic aspects of buildings. This document is intended to be used when establishing specifications for the geomet
26、ric performance of a building and its spaces (e.g. in design, purchasing procedures, etc., or in building regulations where appropriate), technical documentation relating to the performance of whole buildings prepared by designers, contractors and manufacturers, the amount of floor area that will no
27、t be effectively available for the placement of an individuals workplace, furniture, equipment, or for circulation, and evaluation, comparison or control of the properties of a building which are connected to its geometric performance. NOTE Although there are a variety of methods of area measurement
28、 around the world depending on the country and/or types of buildings, all measuring methods are not necessarily of practical use because of inability to identify real area (e.g. the wall centre method of measurement). Thus, this document specializes in the measurement solely for practical use. 2 Nor
29、mative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
30、amendments) applies. ISO 6707-1, Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 1: General terms 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6707-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization
31、at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 9836:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 9836:2017(E) 3.1 surface area indicator amount of certain types of a
32、rea (e.g. usable area) and the relationship between different types of area (e.g. area occupied by structure/usable area) 3.2 volume indicator amount of certain types of volume (e.g. net volume) and the relationship between different types of volume (e.g. gross volume/net volume) Note 1 to entry: An
33、 example of a relationship indicator of volume is gross volume/net volume. 3.3 mixed surface area and volume indicator indicator relating a type of volume to a type of area (e.g. gross volume/usable area) and a type of area to a type of volume Note 1 to entry: Clause 5 gives further definitions of t
34、he different surface area and volume indicators, together with the appropriate calculation methods. Note 2 to entry: An example of a mixed relationship indicator is area of building envelope/net volume. 3.4 building loss feature feature or element of a building in which a portion of the floor area i
35、s not available for an individuals activities, or for furniture, equipment or circulation Note 1 to entry: Examples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature are workplaces, corridors, etc. Note 2 to entry: A building loss feature may be a physical elemen
36、t such as a column, or the configuration of an element such as the curve of a wall, or the configuration of a fire escape route which is mandated by regulation but not needed for normal circulation. 3.5 effective building loss area portion of the floor area that is not physically occupied by buildin
37、g material yet is not fully available for an individuals activities, or for furniture, equipment or for circulation, because of a building loss feature Note 1 to entry: Examples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature are workplaces, corridors, etc. 3.6
38、 actual building loss area portion of the floor area that is not available for an individuals activities, or for furniture, equipment or for circulation, because it is physically occupied by a building loss feature, or is required to be vacant by law or regulation or by a lease Note 1 to entry: Exam
39、ples of places in which a portion might not be available because of a building loss feature are workplaces, corridors, etc. 3.7 perimeter encroachment form of building loss feature which prevents effective use of floor area near a wall or other geometrically regular building form Note 1 to entry: Ex
40、amples of a perimeter encroachment include pilaster, convector, baseboard heating unit and radiator.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 9836:2017(E) 4 Units Surface area and volume indicators are obtained by measuring the plan and elevation of the building. Their units of measurement differ according
41、 to the type of calculation (m 2 : m 3 : m 2 /m 2 : m 3 /m 3 : m 2 /m 3 : m 3 /m 2 ). 5 Intra-muros calculation methods and list of indicators for geometric performance 5.1 Surface areas NOTE See Figure 1. 5.1.1 Calculation principles 5.1.1.1 Surfaces which are horizontal or vertical are measured by
42、 their actual dimensions. For calculations of area and space, inclined planes are measured by their vertical projection onto an (imaginary) horizontal plane or vertical plane as appropriate. For calculations of heat gain or loss, the actual exposed surface area shall be used instead of the projected
43、 area. 5.1.1.2 The surface areas are expressed in square metres, to two decimal places. 5.1.2 Covered area 5.1.2.1 The covered area is the area of ground covered by buildings in their finished state. 5.1.2.2 The covered area is determined by the vertical projection of the external dimensions of the
44、building onto the ground. The following are not included in covered area: construction or parts of construction not projecting above the surface of the ground; secondary components, e.g. external staircases, external ramps, canopies, horizontal sun-shields, roof overhangs, street lighting; the areas
45、 of outdoor facilities, e.g. greenhouses and outhouses. 5.1.3 Total floor area 5.1.3.1 The total floor area of a building is the total area of all floor levels. Floor levels may be storeys which are either completely or partially under the ground, storeys above ground, attics, terraces, roof terrace
46、s, service floors or storage floors (see Figure 1). It is necessary to distinguish between a) floor areas which are enclosed and covered on all sides, b) floor areas which are not enclosed on all sides up to their full height, but which are covered, such as recessed balconies, and c) floor areas whi
47、ch are contained within components (e.g. parapets, fascias, handrails), but which are not covered, such as open balconies. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO 9836:2017(E) Key 1 total floor area (see 5.1.3) 2 intra-muros area (see 5.1.4) 3 usable area (see 5.1.7) 4 area of structural elements (see 5.
48、1.6) 5 covered area (see 5.1.2) Figure 1 Presentation of principal areas 5.1.3.2 The total floor area of each level is obtained from the external dimensions of the enclosing elements, at floor height, above and below ground. These elements include finishes, claddings and parapets. Recesses and proje
49、ctions for structural or aesthetic purposes and profiling are not included if they do not alter the net floor area (see 5.1.5). Covered floor areas which are not enclosed or are partially enclosed and have no enclosing elements e.g. areas in accordance with 5.1.3.1 b) are calculated according to the vertical projection of the outer limit of the covering components.4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 9836:2017(E) Net floor area is not determined for the following spaces (see 5.1.5.4): voids between the ground
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