1、Information Technology Biometrics Guide on designing accessible and inclusive biometric systems Technologies de linformation Biomtrie Guide sur la conception des systmes biomtriques accessibles et inclusifs TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29194 First edition 2015-05-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 29194:
2、2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc
3、luding photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
4、 Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Accessible and inclusive design taxonomy 1 3 Generic problems and recommendations 2 3.1 Generic problems 2 3.2 Recommendations . 2 3.3 So
5、urces for addition guidance on accessibility . 3 4 (Inability to) Perceive visual information 3 4.1 Examples of Problems 3 4.1.1 People who are unable to perceive any visual information 3 4.1.2 People who have difficulty in perceiving visual information 3 4.2 Modality independent guidance 3 4.3 Addi
6、tional modality specific recommendations 4 4.3.1 Finger . 4 4.3.2 Face 4 4.3.3 Iris . 4 4.3.4 Signature . 4 4.3.5 Vascular and Hand Geometry . 4 4.3.6 Voice 5 5 (Inability to) Perceive auditory information 5 5.1 Examples of Problems 5 5.1.1 People who are unable to perceive any auditory information
7、 5 5.1.2 People who have difficulty in perceiving auditory information . 5 5.2 Modality independent recommendations . 5 5.3 Additional modality specific recommendations 6 5.3.1 Iris . 6 5.3.2 Signature . 6 5.3.3 Voice 6 6 (Inability to) Perform motor actions . 6 6.1 Examples of Problems 6 6.1.1 Peo
8、ple who are unable to walk unaided 6 6.1.2 People who are unable to stand 6 6.1.3 People who are unable to pitch, or yaw, or rotate head, or keep stationary 6 6.1.4 People who are unable to raise and/or rotate arms/hands . 6 6.1.5 People who are unable to present physical attribute within the specif
9、ied field of the sensor 7 6.2 Modality independent recommendations . 7 6.3 Additional modality specific recommendations 7 6.3.1 Finger . 7 6.3.2 Signature, Vascular and Hand Geometry 7 7 (Inability to) Present physiological attribute. 8 7.1 Examples of Problems 8 7.1.1 Introduction . 8 7.1.2 Modalit
10、y independent problems 8 7.1.3 Related to hand(s) 8 7.1.4 Related to finger(s) and/or palm(s) . 8 7.1.5 Related to face 8 7.1.6 Related to eye(s) 8 7.1.7 Related to voice . 8 7.2 Modality independent recommendations . 8 7.3 Additional modality specific recommendations 9 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reser
11、ved iii Contents Page ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E)7.3.1 Signature . 9 8 (Inability to) Understand and apply the instructions 9 8.1 Examples of Problems 9 8.1.1 People with cognitive or learning difficulties . 9 8.1.2 Where interaction and/or responses from system are counter to intuition or familiarity
12、9 8.2 Modality independent recommendations . 9 8.3 Additional modality specific recommendations .10 8.3.1 Signature 10 9 (Inability to) Follow guidance due to cultural discrepancies .10 9.1 Examples of Problems .10 9.1.1 People with language differences.10 9.2 Modality independent recommendations 10
13、 9.3 Additional modality specific recommendations .10 9.3.1 Finger and Hand Geometry10 9.3.2 Face and Iris 10 9.3.3 Signature 11 9.3.4 Voice .11 Annex A (informative) Description of impairments 12 Bibliography .17 iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the Interna
14、tional Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees establishe
15、d by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the fiel
16、d of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
17、the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
18、and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in thi
19、s document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers t
20、o Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information Technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved v ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) Introduction This Technical Report provides supp
21、ort for the further development of ISO/IEC biometrics international standards in the context of cross-jurisdictional and societal applications of biometrics, including standardization of both existing and future technologies. ISO/IEC/TR 24714-1:2008 lays down the principle that inclusive designs of
22、biometric systems are ones that as many subjects within the target population as is reasonably possible can use the systems effectively and with minimum discomfort. This Technical Report offers guidance in the dialogue between writers of system specifications for biometric systems and the developers
23、 of biometric systems, in reaching a common understanding of the target population and agreement of what is reasonably possible. This Technical Report aims to aid the procurement process of biometric systems, provide a means of acceptance of inclusive design, and ultimately improve accessibility of
24、biometric systems. Central to a common understanding of target populations is an agreed taxonomy. This Technical Report establishes taxonomy based upon a persons inability to perform a function. This enables a writer of a system specification for a biometric system to specify those categories that m
25、ust be handled by the primary biometric system and those categories that would be required to use the exception handling process. Conversely the taxonomy enables biometric system suppliers to specify which parts of the population they have accommodated for in their designs. Agreed quantification of
26、the target population and how accessibility and inclusivity is to be achieved enables acceptance testing to be devised.vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved Information Technology Biometrics Guide on designing accessible and inclusive biometric systems 1 Scope Procurements of biometric systems often s
27、tipulate requirements for the systems to be inclusive and make provision for exception handling. This Technical Report provides guidance for biometric system design and procurement to handle the range of accessibility and usability issues. This report will build upon the generic guidance in ISO/IEC/
28、TR 24714-1, Information technology Biometrics Jurisdictional and societal considerations for commercial applications Part 1: General guidance. The biometric modalities addressed in this technical report include those described in the ISO/IEC 19794, (All parts), Information Technology Biometric data
29、interchange formats: Finger Face Iris Signature Vascular Hand-geometry Voice 2 Accessible and inclusive design taxonomy The taxonomy used by this Technical Report reflects that described in ISO/IEC/TR 29138-1.This Technical Report provides examples of good practice for particular biometric modalitie
30、s against the taxonomy, resulting in guidelines for inclusive design for the widest range of the population. The Technical Report can also help in selecting suitable biometric modality solutions when designing solutions with a particular population from the taxonomy descriptions. There is a basic pr
31、inciple of designing biometric systems in a way that they can be used effectively and with minimum discomfort by the whole target population. There is also the need of reaching a common understanding of the target population and an agreement of what is reasonably possible. This brings the requiremen
32、t of designing biometric systems following the best possible guidance to create systems that are accessible. Accessibility problems of biometrics systems are not limited to disabled people. Other groups may be affected due to occupational constraints, medical procedures and religious/cultural issues
33、 A person may not be aware of any issues of them using a biometric system until at the point of use. Biometric systems are not familiar to all, and even then may not be regularly used. Therefore inclusive design must be based upon a lack of familiarity. Considering all these scenarios, the followin
34、g taxonomy can be considered. Each of the categories and subcategories in this taxonomy will be detailed in subsequent clauses of this Technical Report. (Inability to) Perceive visual information People who are unable to perceive any visual information. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) ISO/
35、IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1 ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) People who have difficulty in perceiving visual information. (Inability to) Perceive auditory information People who are unable to perceive any auditory information. People who have difficulty in perceiving auditory information. (Inability to)
36、Perform motor actions People who are unable to walk unaided. People who are unable to stand. People who are unable to pitch, or yaw, or rotate head, or keep stationary. People who are unable to raise and/or rotate arms/hands. (Inability to) Present physiological attribute Unable to present the speci
37、fied hand(s). Unable to present specified finger(s) and/or palm(s). Unable to present the specified eye(s) as attribute or as landmark. People who are unable to present physical attribute within the specified field of the sensor. Unable to present specified auditory input. (Inability to) Apply instr
38、uctions due to mental impairment People with cognitive or learning difficulties. Where interaction and/or responses from system are counter intuition or familiarity. (Inability to) Follow guidance due to cultural discrepancies People with language differences. A description of each sub-category is p
39、rovided in the form of examples, rather than any medical condition. Associated with each category are references that contain guidance to improve particular accessibility. In addition specific guidance for biometric systems is offered if this is not contained in other reference documents. Depending
40、on the disability, the use of certain biometric modalities can be inappropriate and alternatives should be in place. 3 Generic problems and recommendations 3.1 Generic problems Difficulty in positioning to see information or device if not in line of sight. 3.2 Recommendations In authentication schem
41、es that use tokens (where the user has to claim its identity in advance), these tokens should store information about the impairment of the user, for dynamic adaptation of the system to that impairment.2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) 3.3 Sources for addition guidance on a
42、ccessibility For the design and development of a biometric system able to be used by people with disabilities, a huge amount of standards and technical reports should also be addressed. ISO/IEC/TR 29138-2 provides an inventory of all those related standards (international and regional) that could be
43、 applicable, being some of them independent on the disability, while others focussed on a certain kind of disability. 4 (Inability to) Perceive visual information 4.1 Examples of Problems 4.1.1 People who are unable to perceive any visual information Cannot access information presented (only) via gr
44、aphics. Cannot find device(s). Cannot tell status of visual indicators (e.g. LEDs, on screen indicators), or gain visual feedback. Cannot determine number, size, location of controls on touch screens or flat membrane keypads, or difficulty in locating without activating. Cannot align line of sight t
45、o markers. 4.1.2 P eople w ho ha v e difficulty in per c ei ving visual information Difficulty in discriminating foreground information from background information. Difficulty in discriminating colours. Problems with glare from screens. Difficulty in seeing temporary presented information. Difficult
46、y with insufficient ambient light. 4.2 Modality independent guidance Clauses in ISO/TR 22411 that apply to this case are 8.2.1, 8.2.2, 8.2.5, 8.3.1, 8.3.3, 8.4.4, 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3, 8.6, 8.7.1, 8.7.3, 8.11.1, 8.11.3, 8.12.2, 8.12.3.1, 8.12.3.2, 8.12.3.3, 8.12.6, 8.17.2, 9.2.1, and 9.2.1.3. In addi
47、tion, the following recommendations should be followed. Feedback to the user should not be provided only by means of visual signalling. Other feedback alternatives, such as auditory or tactile should be considered as complementary to the visual feedback. NOTE While using colour can be a plausible so
48、lution, caution should be exercised on the choice of colours to accommodate people with colour vision deficiency. In authentication schemes (where the user has to claim its identity in advance) use tokens that also have information stored about the impairment of the user, and adapt dynamically the s
49、ystem to that impairment. Visually the capture device should stand out if it is attached to a terminal. The capture device should be highlighted by making it a different colour to the surrounding area, or using alternative illumination. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3 ISO/IEC TR 29194:2015(E) 4.3 A dditional modalit y specific r ec ommendations 4.3.1 Finger The reader should not be flush against th
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