ISO IEC TR 30112-2014 Information technology - Specification methods for cultural conventions《信息技术 文化习俗的规范方法》.pdf

1、 ISO/IEC 2014 Information technology Specification methods for cultural conventions Technologies de linformation Mthodes de spcification des conventions culturelles TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 30112 First edition 2014-06-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) Corrected version 2014-08-01 ISO/I

2、EC TR 30112:2014(E)ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or post

3、ing on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyr

4、ightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions, and notations . 1 3.1 Terms and definitions . 1 3.2 Notations 3 4 FDCC-set . 6 4.1

5、 FDCC-set description . 7 4.2 LC_IDENTIFICATION .10 4.3 LC_CTYPE 12 4.4 LC_COLLATE .40 4.5 LC_MONETARY .49 4.6 LC_NUMERIC 52 4.7 LC_TIME .53 4.8 LC_MESSAGES .59 4.9 LC_XLITERATE .59 4.10 LC_NAME .61 4.11 LC_ADDRESS 62 4.12 LC_TELEPHONE.64 4.13 LC_PAPER 65 4.14 LC_MEASUREMENT .66 4.15 LC_KEYBOARD 66

6、5 CHARMAP 66 5.1 Character Set Description Text .66 5.2 WIDTH section .70 6 REPERTOIREMAP 70 Annex A (informative) Differences from the ISO/IEC 9945 standard .104 Annex B (informative) Rationale .106 Annex C (informative) BNF Grammar .117 Annex D (informative) Relation to taxonomy .122 Annex E (info

7、rmative) Implementation in glibc 125 Annex F (informative) Index.126 Bibliography .135 ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. Nationa

8、l bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. O

9、ther international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intend

10、ed for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.or

11、g/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document

12、 will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and ex

13、pressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC

14、35, User interfaces. This corrected version of ISO/IEC/TR 30112:2014 incorporates the following corrections: the cover page, the header on page 1 and the reference number have been corrected to reflect that this document is a Technical Report, and not an International Standard.iv ISO/IEC 2014 All ri

15、ghts reserved ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) Introduction This Technical Report defines general mechanisms to specify cultural conventions, and it defines formats for a number of specific cultural conventions in the areas of character classification and conversion, sorting, number formatting, monetary for

16、matting, date formatting, message display, addressing of persons, postal address formatting, and telephone number handling. There are a number of benefits coming from this Technical Report: Rigid specification: Using this Technical Report, a user can rigidly specify a number of the cultural conventi

17、ons that apply to the information technology environment of the user. Cultural adaptability: If an application has been designed and built in a culturally neutral manner, the application may use the specifications as data to its APIs, and thus the same application may accommodate different users in

18、a culturally acceptable way to each of the users, without change of the binary application. Productivity: This Technical Report specifies cultural conventions and how to specify data for them. With that data an application developer is relieved from getting the different information to support all t

19、he cultural environments for the expected customers of the product. The application developer is thus ensured of culturally correct behaviour as specified by the customer, and possibly more markets may be reached as customers may have the possibility to provide the data themselves for markets that w

20、ere not targeted. Uniform behaviour: When a number of applications share one cultural specification, which may be supplied from the user or provided by the application or operating system, their behaviour for cultural adaptation becomes uniform. The specification formats are independent of platforms

21、 and specific encoding, and targeted to be usable from a wide range of programming languages. A number of cultural conventions, such as spelling, hyphenation rules and terminology, are not specifiable with this Technical Report, but the Technical Report provides mechanisms to define new categories a

22、nd also new keywords within existing categories. An internationalized application may take advantage of information provided with the FDCC-set (such as the language) to provide further internationalized services to the user. This Technical Report defines a format compatible with the one used in the

23、International string ordering standard, ISO/IEC 14651. This Technical Report is upward compatible with parts of the ISO/IEC 9945 POSIX standard, especially those on POSIX locales and charmaps. The major extensions from that text are listed in annex A. This Technical Report has enhanced functionality

24、 in a number of areas such as ISO/IEC 10646 support, more classification of characters, transliteration, dual (multi) currency support, enhanced date and time formatting, personal name writing, postal address formatting, telephone number handling, keyboard handling, and management of categories. The

25、re is enhanced support for character sets including ISO/IEC 2022 handling and an enhanced method to separate the specification of cultural conventions from an actual encoding via a description of the character repertoire employed. A standard set of values for all the categories has been defined cove

26、ring the repertoire of ISO/IEC 10646. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved v Information technology Specification methods for cultural conventions 1 Scope This Technical Report specifies description formats and functionality for the specification of cultural conventions, description formats for characte

27、r sets, and description formats for binding character names to ISO/IEC 10646, plus a set of default values for some of these items. The specification is upward compatible with POSIX locale specifications - a locale conformant to POSIX specifications will also be conformant to specifications in this

28、Technical Report, while the reverse condition will not hold. Some of the descriptions are intended to be coded in text files to be used via Application Programming Interfaces, that are expected to be developed for a number of systems which comply with ISO/IEC 9945. An alignment effort has been under

29、taken for this specification to be aligned with ISO/IEC 9945. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document

30、(including any amendments) applies. This document contains no normative references. 3 Terms and definitions, and notations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 Bytes and characters 3.1.1.1 byte individually addressable unit of

31、data storage that is equal to or larger than an octet, used to store a character or a portion of a character Note 1 to entry: A byte is composed of a contiguous sequence of bits, the number of which is implementation defined. The least significant bit is called the low-order bit; the most significan

32、t bit is called the high-order bit 3.1.1.2 character member of a set of elements used for the organization, control or representation of data 3.1.1.3 coded character sequence of one or more bytes representing a single character 3.1.1.4 text file file that contains characters organized into one or mo

33、re lines TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) 3.1.2 Cultural and other major concepts 3.1.2.1 cultural convention data item for information technology that may vary dependent on language, territory, or other cultural habits 3.1.2.2 FDC

34、C Formal Definition of a Cultural Convention cultural convention put into a formal definition scheme 3.1.2.3 FDCC-set set of Formal Definitions of Cultural Conventions (FDCCs) definition of the subset of a users information technology environment that depends on language and cultural conventions Not

35、e 1 to entry: the FDCC-set is a superset of the “locale” term in C and POSIX. 3.1.2.4 charmap definition of a mapping between symbolic character names and character codes, plus related information 3.1.2.5 repertoiremap definition of a mapping between symbolic character names and characters for the r

36、epertoire of characters used in a FDCC-set Note 1 to entry: This is further described in clause 6. 3.1.3 FDCC categories related 3.1.3.1 character class: named set of characters sharing an attribute associated with the name of the class 3.1.3.2 collation logical ordering of strings according to defi

37、ned precedence rules 3.1.3.3 collating element smallest entity used to determine logical ordering Note 1 to entry: See collating sequence. A collating element consists of either a single character, or two or more characters collating as a single entity. The LC_COLLATE category in the associated FDCC

38、-set determines the set of collating elements. 3.1.3.4 multicharacter collating element sequence of two or more characters that collate as an entity Note 1 to entry: For example, in some languages two characters are sorted as one letter, as in the case for Danish and Norwegian “aa”. 3.1.3.5 collatin

39、g sequence relative order of collating elements as determined by the setting of the LC_COLLATE category in the applied FDCC-set2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) 3.1.3.6 equivalence class set of collating elements with the same primary collation weight Note 1 to entry: Eleme

40、nts in an equivalence class are typically elements that naturally group together, such as all accented letters based on the same letter. The collation order of elements within an equivalence class is determined by the weights assigned on any subsequent levels after the primary weight. 3.2 Notations

41、The following notations and common conventions for specifications apply to this Technical Report: 3.2.1 Notation for defining syntax In this Technical Report, the description of an individual record in a FDCC-set is done using the syntax notation given in the following. The syntax notation looks as

42、follows: “”,., The is given in a format string enclosed in double quotes, followed by a number of parameters, separated by commas. It is similar to the format specification defined in the ISO/IEC 9945 standard and the format specification used in C language printf() function. The format of each para

43、meter is given by an escape sequence as follows: %s specifies a string %d specifies a decimal integer %c specifies a character %o specifies an octal integer %x specifies a hexadecimal integer A “ “ (an empty character position) in the syntax string represents one or more characters. All other charac

44、ters in the format string represent themselves, except: % specifies a single % n specifies an end-of-line The notation “.” is used to specify that repetition of the previous specification is optional, and this is done in both the format string and in the parameter list. 3.2.2 Portable character set

45、A set of symbolic names for characters in Table 1, which is called the portable character set, is used in character description text of this specification. The first eight entries in Table 1 are defined in ISO/IEC 6429 and the rest is defined in ISO/IEC 9945 with some definitions from ISO/IEC 10646.

46、 Table 1 Portable character set Symbolic name Glyph UCS DescriptionNULL (NUL)BELL (BEL)BACKSPACE (BS) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) Symbolic name Glyph UCS DescriptionCHARACTER TABULATION (HT)CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)LINE FEED (LF)LINE TABULATION (VT)FORM FEED (FF)SPACE! EXC

47、LAMATION MARK“ QUOTATION MARK# NUMBER SIGN$ DOLLAR SIGN% PERCENT SIGNSEMICOLONLESS-THAN SIGN= EQUALS SIGN GREATER-THAN SIGN? QUESTION MARK COMMERCIAL ATTable 1 (continued) 4 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 30112:2014(E) Symbolic name Glyph UCS DescriptionA LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AB LATIN C

48、APITAL LETTER BC LATIN CAPITAL LETTER CD LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EF LATIN CAPITAL LETTER FG LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HI LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IJ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER JK LATIN CAPITAL LETTER KL LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LM LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MN LATIN CAPITAL LETTE

49、R NO LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OP LATIN CAPITAL LETTER PQ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER QR LATIN CAPITAL LETTER RS LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ST LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TU LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UV LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VW LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WX LATIN CAPITAL LETTER XY LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YZ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z LEFT SQUARE BRACKET REVERSE SOLIDUS REVERSE SOLIDUS RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT_ LOW LINE_ LOW LINE GRAVE ACCENTa LATIN SMALL LETTER Ab LATIN SMALL LETTER Bc LATIN SMALL LETTER Cd LATIN SMALL LETTER De