1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 29112 First edition 2012-08-01Information technology Office equipment Test charts and methods for measuring monochrome printer resolution Technologies de linformation quipement de bureau Diagrammes et mthodes p
2、our mesurer la rsolution des imprimantes monochrome ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy
3、ing and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerl
4、and ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Print resolution characteristics methods for measurement and analysis . 5 4.1 Compliance req
5、uirements 5 4.1.1 Test chart compliance . 6 4.1.2 Printing process compliance . 6 4.1.3 Scanner characteristics compliance . 6 4.1.4 Measurement method compliance 6 4.2 Native addressability . 6 4.2.1 Method for measuring native addressability 7 4.3 Effective addressability 8 4.3.1 Method for measur
6、ing effective addressability 8 4.4 Edge blurriness and edge raggedness . 9 4.4.1 Edge blurriness . 10 4.4.2 Edge raggedness . 11 4.4.3 Method for measuring edge blurriness and edge raggedness. 11 4.5 Detail carrying capability 12 4.5.1 Printer MTF estimation from edge characteristics 12 4.5.2 Method
7、 for measuring printer MTF from edge characteristics . 12 4.5.3 Printer MTF estimation from 1-D repeating patterns . 13 4.5.4 Method for measuring printer MTF from 1-D repeating pattern characteristics . 13 5 Test Set-up, Configurations, and Procedure 14 5.1 Printer set-up and configuration 14 5.2 P
8、rinter testing environment . 14 5.3 Substrate 15 5.4 Test platform connection to the printer 15 5.5 Test charts . 15 5.6 Sample size 15 5.7 Printing process 15 5.8 Set-up procedure . 15 5.9 Testing procedure for visual evaluation . 16 5.10 Testing procedure for scanner-based measurement 16 6 Present
9、ation of results 16 6.1 General . 16 6.2 Required test documentation . 17 6.3 Reporting of measurement results 17 Annex A (normative) Test charts 19 A.1 Availability 19 A.2 Native Addressability test chart content . 19 A.3 Effective Addressability test chart content 19 A.4 Edge Characteristics test
10、chart content . 20 A.5 Line Characteristics test chart content . 20 Annex B (normative) Printing process . 21 B.1 Application effects 21 B.2 Print driver effects . 21 ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedB.3 Test chart files for Postscript printers 21 B.4 Printing protocol 21
11、Annex C (normative) Scanner conformance 23 C.1 Required scanner characteristics 23 C.1.1 Scan characteristics 23 C.1.2 Scanner MTF characteristics 24 C.2 Method for evaluating the scanner OECF characteristic.24 C.3 Method for evaluating scanner dynamic range 24 C.4 Method for evaluating scanner usab
12、le addressability .24 C.5 Method for compensating for finite scanner MTF 24 C.6 Required scanner control application characteristics.25 Annex D (normative) Measurement method conformance .26 D.1 Effective addressability measurement method 26 D.2 Edge blurriness measurement method .27 D.3 Edge ragged
13、ness measurement method 27 D.4 Measurement method for slanted edge SFR 28 D.5 Measurement method for printer MTF evaluation from square wave elements .29 Annex E (informative) Representative reports of printer resolution assessment 30 E.1 Single configuration report .30 E.2 Multiple configuration re
14、port 31 E.3 Interpretation of results 32 Bibliography 33 ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. Nat
15、ional bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interes
16、t. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with th
17、e rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard require
18、s approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, the joint technical committee may decide to publish an ISO/IEC Technical Specification (ISO/IEC TS), which represents an agreement be
19、tween the members of the joint technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/IEC TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an Inte
20、rnational Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/IEC TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
21、subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TS 29112 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 28, Office equipment. ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) vi ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reser
22、vedIntroduction The purpose of this Technical Specification is to provide a process for the objective measurement of print quality characteristics that contribute to perceived printer resolution in pages printed on paper or similar opaque materials using monochrome electro-photographic printing proc
23、esses. This Technical Specification prescribes the following: Definitions of the print quality characteristics that contribute to perceived resolution. Definitions of conformance methods to qualify a reflection scanner for use as a measuring device. A testing procedure based upon: a well-documented
24、printer and printing environment setup; well- controlled printing of specified test charts; and subsequent measurement of relevant print quality characteristics using test pattern elements on the printed test charts. Definitions of methods for measuring the contributing print quality characteristics
25、 using test patterns elements of the printed test charts, analyzing the resulting data, and deriving an assessment of printer resolution. Requirements for the report of a printer resolution assessment that define the context of the assessment and describe the results of the assessment. Printer resol
26、ution, a quantification of the ability of a digital printing system to depict fine spatial detail, is a perceptually complex entity with no single, simple, objective measure. Five print quality characteristics that meaningfully contribute to resolution are described in this Technical Specification.
27、These print quality characteristics are: native addressability, effective addressability, edge blurriness, edge raggedness, and the printing system modulation transfer function (MTF). Native or physical addressability refers to the imaging framework in a digital printing process, usually a rectangul
28、ar grid of printable spots, which enables depiction of fine spatial detail. Native addressability specifies only one facet of the perceived resolution of a printing system. Effective addressability is a measure of the minimum pitch by which the centre of a printed object (e.g. line segment) can be d
29、isplaced and evaluates the effects of imaged spot position modulation, size modulation, or exposure modulation. Edge blurriness provides an optical measure of the geometric transition width of an edge between an unprinted substrate region and a printed solid area region. Edge raggedness provides an
30、optical measure of the geometric deviations of a printed edge from a requested straight line. The modulation transfer function (MTF) describes the ability of a linear imaging system to depict fine spatial detail. The ability to depict fine spatial detail is affected by edge blurriness as well as the
31、 spot size of the printers marking technology and any adjacency effects that may occur in the reproduction of fine detail. Two measurement methods are described that provide estimates of the printing systems modulation transfer function including contributions from edge blurriness, spot-size and adj
32、acency effects. Verification of the measurement methods specified in this Technical Specification is underway. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Information technology Office equipment Test charts and methods for measuring monochrome printer resolutio
33、n 1 Scope This Technical Specification defines methods for the objective measurement of the print quality characteristics that contribute to the perceived resolution of reflection mode monochrome printed pages produced by digital electro-photographic printers. The measurement methods of this Technic
34、al Specification are derived from several existing techniques for the assessment of an imaging systems resolution characteristics. Each of these measurement methods is intended for the engineering evaluation of a printing systems perceived resolution and should not be used for purposes of advertisin
35、g claims. The methods of this Technical Specification are applicable only to monochrome prints produced in reflection mode by electro-photographic printing technology. The current version of this Technical Specification is intended for monochrome printers utilizing Postscript interpreters capable of
36、 accepting Postscript and encapsulated Postscript (EPS) jobs. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
37、including any amendments) applies. ISO 14524, Photography Electronic still-picture cameras Methods for measuring opto-electronic conversion functions (OECFs) ISO 16067-1, Photography Spatial resolution measurements of electronic scanners for photographic images Part 1: Scanners for reflective media
38、 ISO 21550, Photography Electronic scanners for photographic images Dynamic range measurements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 addressability number of uniquely identifiable printable spot positions per unit distance 3.2 addre
39、ssability, cross-track addressability of the printer in the direction perpendicular to the motion of the print substrate through the printer ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved3.3 addressability, effective one over the minimum pitch by which the centre of a printed object can
40、 be displaced, with the constraint that the objects compared are of constant dimension in the direction parallel to the centroid position change direction Note: The effective addressability of a printer may be greater than its native addressability. This higher effective addressability is generally
41、controlled algorithmically within the digital data path processing of the printer and is generally not accessible to a user of the printer. 3.4 addressability, in-track addressability of the printer in the direction parallel to the motion of the print substrate through the printer 3.5 addressability
42、 native one over the minimum pitch between adjacent spots that can be independently controlled and produced by the printer Note: Native addressability is commonly measured in dots per inch (dpi). 3.6 cycles per millimetre (cy/mm) unit used for specifying spatial frequency 3.7 CMT Acutance (CMTA or
43、Cascaded Modulation Transfer Acutance) area under the system modulation transfer curve formed by multiplying (cascading) the individual component modulation transfer functions and the human eye modulation response characteristic: MT system ( ) = MT 1 ( ) x MT 2 ( ) . . . MT i ( ), where one of the M
44、TF functions is the modulation response characteristic of the human eye, and denotes spatial frequency (cy/mm) Note: See reference 1 (Bibliography) for further detail. 3.8 cross-track oriented perpendicular to the direction of print substrate motion (cross-track direction) 3.9 edge blurriness slowly
45、 changing transition between an unprinted substrate area and a solid printed area Note: The measured optical width of the transition region perpendicular to the straight edge boundary between an unprinted substrate area and a solid printed area provides an assessment of edge blurriness. 3.10 edge ra
46、ggedness small deviations of an edge from expected straight line Note: Measurement of the geometric deviations from straightness of a contour at a specific reflectance ratio in the edge boundary region between the unprinted substrate area and the solid printed area of a requested straight edge provi
47、des an assessment of edge raggedness. 3.11 edge transition width distance between the points of a normal edge profile identified at 70% of the edge transition reflectance range and 10% of that reflectance range, the region in which edge blurriness is measured ISO/IEC TS 29112:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 Al
48、l rights reserved 3Note: The edge transition reflectance range is the reflectance difference between the maximum measured reflectance factor, R max , typically of the substrate, and the minimum measured reflectance factor, R min , typically of a region printed at a maximum printing value. 3.12 edge
49、spread function normalized spatial signal distribution in the scanned output of a printing system resulting from imaging a theoretical infinitely sharp edge Note: In measurement of the edge spread function, the tone-scale of the scanning system shall be corrected to be linear in reflectance. See ISO 12231:2005. 3.13 human eye modulation response characteristic the response of the human visual system to viewed sinusoidal modulation patterns as a function of the spatial frequency of these modulation patterns
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