ISO TR 10064-1-2017 Code of inspection practice - Part 1 Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks.pdf

1、 ISO 2017 Code of inspection practice Part 1: Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks Code pratique de rception Partie 1: Mesure des flancs dentaires cylindriques TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10064-1 Reference number ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E) Second edition 2017-07 ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All

2、 rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the inter

3、net or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47

4、copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)Foreword vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms . 1 4 General considerations 5 4.1 Background 5 4.2 Required inspection information 5 4.3 Measurement selection 5 4.3.1 Substitution of measurement

5、methods 5 4.3.2 First piece inspection . 5 4.3.3 Sampling and statistical process control 5 5 Conventions and measurement positions 6 5.1 General . 6 5.2 Datum axis 6 5.3 Left or right flank 6 5.4 Left hand or right hand helical gears . 7 5.5 Numbering of teeth and flanks 7 5.6 Numbering of pitches

6、8 5.7 Number of pitches “k” in a deviation symbol subscript 8 6 Types of measuring equipment and principle 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Measurement methods .14 6.2.1 Generative measurement methods .14 6.2.2 Non-generative measurement methods .16 6.2.3 Pitch measurement methods .17 6.2.4 Hand-held pitch mea

7、suring devices .18 6.2.5 Radial runout measurement .20 6.2.6 Computer tomography methods for small gears 21 6.2.7 Optical devices for small spur gears 21 6.3 Calibration of equipment 22 6.4 Tooth thickness, differences between CNC/CMM and manual measurement 22 6.5 “In-process” gear measurement on ma

8、nufacturing machines .23 6.6 Gear mounting 23 6.7 Example output format from a CNC GMM 24 6.7.1 General.24 6.7.2 Example evaluations of modified helices and profiles .27 7 Recommended measurement procedure and good measurement practice .28 7.1 Measurement procedure .28 7.2 Probe problems when measur

9、ing aluminium parts 30 7.3 Suitable artefacts for calibration of measuring machines 30 8 Inspection procedures for gears that are too large for gear inspection machines 31 8.1 General 31 8.2 Profile inspection using portable device .31 8.2.1 Disassembly of segments .31 8.2.2 Measurement by portable

10、gear inspection device using coordinates 31 8.2.3 Profile inspection by gear tooth caliper 32 8.3 Inspection of helix form deviation 36 8.3.1 Inspection of helix form deviation on the gear cutting machine.36 8.3.2 Straightness inspection using a cylinder .37 8.3.3 Inspection of the tooth contact pat

11、tern 37 8.4 Inspection of the pitch .38 8.4.1 Calculation of pitch .38 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)8.4.2 Inspection using an automatic device on the cutting machine: inspection of the single circular pitch and the cumulative pitch deviation .38 8.4.3 Manual i

12、nspection: inspection of base pitch, p b , and base pitch deviations, f pb. 39 8.5 Measuring tooth thickness 39 8.6 Measuring gear radial runout and axial runout of reference surfaces 39 9 Measurement analysis Profile, helix, pitch and radial runout .39 9.1 Profile .39 9.1.1 Profile deviation 39 9.1

13、.2 Profile deviation diagram 40 9.1.3 Evaluation of profile diagrams 41 9.1.4 Algebraic signs of f H , f band f 42 9.1.5 Mean profile slope deviation, f Hm. 42 9.2 Helix.43 9.2.1 General.43 9.2.2 Helix deviation diagram .44 9.2.3 Evaluation of helix diagrams 45 9.2.4 Algebraic signs of f Hand f . 46

14、 9.2.5 Machine corrections based on mean helix slope deviation, f Hm47 9.3 Pitch .48 9.3.1 Pitch deviation 48 9.3.2 Pitch deviation measurement 48 9.3.3 Relationships of pitch parameters and measuring methods 48 9.3.4 Calculation of cumulative pitch (index), F p. 49 9.3.5 Calculation of single pitch

15、, f pi50 9.3.6 Calculation of total cumulative pitch deviation, F p50 9.3.7 Calculation of sector pitch deviation, F pk. 50 9.3.8 Segment gear measurement .50 9.4 Radial runout, determining eccentricity 51 9.4.1 Measuring principle .51 9.4.2 Evaluation of measurement 51 10 Interpretation of profile,

16、 helix, pitch and radial runout results 52 10.1 Interpreting measurement results .52 10.2 Procedure for interpreting measurement results .52 10.3 Recognition of common manufacturing errors53 10.3.1 General.53 10.3.2 Example of a profile with pressure angle deviation .53 10.3.3 Example of profile dev

17、iations with varying pressure angle deviation .53 10.3.4 Hob runout or shaping cutter deflection .54 10.3.5 Consistent mean helix slope deviation 55 10.3.6 Helix slope variation 55 10.3.7 Profile control diameter not achieved 56 10.3.8 Variation in profile non-clean up and profile control diameter n

18、ot achieved .56 10.3.9 Pitch results with radial runout of the gear blank .58 10.3.10 Pitch with indexing deviations .58 10.3.11 Pitch with repeating deviation patterns that may cause noise .61 11 Single flank composite testing 61 11.1 Single flank composite testing principle 61 11.2 Single flank co

19、mposite test 62 11.2.1 Single flank test setup . 62 11.2.2 Single flank composite deviations .64 11.3 Single flank measurement with master gear .65 11.3.1 Master gear requirements 65 11.3.2 Influence of profile deviations 65 11.3.3 Influence of pitch deviations 66 11.3.4 Influence of helix deviation

20、s .66 11.4 Single flank measurement of product gear pair 69 11.4.1 Differences between tests with a master gear and between two product gears .69 iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E)11.4.2 Identification and location of defects 69 11.4.3 Selective meshing of gears .69 11.5 Data ana

21、lysis by the Fourier transform method .70 12 Additional measurements .71 12.1 Flank measurements.71 12.1.1 General.71 12.1.2 Twist measurement71 12.1.3 Topographical measurement .72 12.1.4 Undulations .73 12.2 Surface roughness measurement .74 12.3 Tooth root fillet radius measurement 74 13 Filters

22、and data density 75 13.1 General 75 13.2 Examples of filtered results 75 13.3 Working principle of the Gauss 50 % filter .75 13.4 Filter limitations .81 14 Additional calculations .81 14.1 Calculation of single pitch deviation, f pt , from normal base pitch measurements 81 14.2 Additional calculatio

23、ns for normal base pitch measurements .82 14.2.1 Included parameters .82 14.2.2 Calculation of normal base pitch deviation, f pbn82 14.2.3 Calculation of mean normal base pitch deviation, f pbnm. 82 14.3 Additional calculations for profile measurements 82 14.3.1 Included parameters .82 14.3.2 Mean b

24、ase diameter deviation and mean pressure angle deviation 83 14.3.3 Calculation of effective base diameter, d b eff . 84 14.3.4 Calculation of effective transverse pressure angle, t eff. 84 14.3.5 Calculation of effective normal pressure angle, n eff. 84 14.3.6 Calculation of mean transverse pressure

25、 angle deviation, f mt85 14.3.7 Calculation of mean normal pressure angle deviation, f mn85 14.4 Additional calculations for helix measurements 85 14.4.1 Included parameters .85 14.4.2 Required preliminary data .86 14.4.3 Calculation of effective helix angle at the measurement diameter, M eff. 86 14

26、.4.4 Calculation of effective lead, p z eff86 14.4.5 Calculation of effective helix angle at the standard pitch diameter, eff87 14.4.6 Calculation of mean lead deviation, f pzm. 87 14.4.7 Calculation of mean helix angle deviation, f m87 Bibliography .89 ISO 2017 All rights reserved v ISO/TR 10064-1:

27、2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for w

28、hich a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

29、 matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. Th

30、is document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying an

31、y or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience o

32、f users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical B

33、arriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by ISO/TC 60, Gears. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 10064-1:1992), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum

34、ISO/TR 10064-1:1992/Cor. 1:2006. The following changes have been made: the contents have been updated to correspond with ISO 1328-1:2013; additional material has been added on the proper setup and use of measuring machines, and how the measurement results can be used to determine the corrective step

35、s needed to improve the gear tooth flank tolerance class. A list of all parts in the ISO/TR 10064 series can be found on the ISO website.vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E) Code of inspection practice Part 1: Measurement of cylindrical gear tooth flanks 1 Scope Th

36、is document supplements ISO 1328-1:2013. It provides a code of practice dealing with measurements on flanks of individual cylindrical involute gears, i.e. with the measurement of pitch, profile, helix and tangential composite characteristics. It describes measuring equipment, provides advice for gea

37、r measuring methods and for the analysis of measurement results, and discusses the interpretation of results. Measurements using a double flank tester are not included (see ISO/TR 10064-2). This document only applies to involute gears. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this

38、 document. 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at

39、 h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp NOTE The symbols and terms used throughout this document are in basic agreement with the symbols and terms given in ISO 701 and in ISO 1122-1. In all cases, the first time that each symbol is

40、 introduced, it is defined and discussed in detail. See Table 1. Abbreviated terms are given in Table 2. Table 1 Symbols and definitions Symbols a Definition Units First use a tip point Figure 31 b face width mm Figure 37 C f profile control point Figure 31 d reference diameter mm Formula (4) d a ti

41、p diameter mm 14.3.2.1 d a eff effective (measured) tip diameter mm Figure 29 d b base diameter mm Formula (6) d b eff effective base diameter mm 14.2 aSymbols used for deviations of individual element measurements from specified values are composed of lower case letters “ f ” with subscripts (excep

42、tions include f e , f 1and f 2 ) whereas symbols used for “cumulative” or “total” deviations, which represent combinations of several individual element deviations, are composed of capital letters “F” also with subscripts. It is necessary to qualify some deviations with an algebraic sign. A deviatio

43、n is positive when, for example, a dimension is larger than optimum and negative when smaller than optimum. bThese deviations can be + (plus) or (minus). ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 10064-1:2017(E) Symbols a Definition Units First use d M measurement diameter mm 6.2.3.2 d Nf start of activ

44、e profile (SAP) diameter mm Formula (8) d y individual inspection diameter (measurement diameter) mm Figure 29 F a tip form point (where tip break starts) Figure 31 F is total single flank composite deviation m 11.1 F p total cumulative pitch deviation m 9.3.1 F pi individual total cumulative pitch

45、deviation m 9.3.8 F pk sector pitch deviation over k pitches m 9.3.7 F r radial runout m 6.2.5 F total profile deviation m Figure 14 F total helix deviation m Figure 37 f difference between the actual and nominal pressure angle degrees 9.1.4 f m mean pressure angle deviation degrees 14.3.1 f b base

46、circle deviation (difference between the actual and nominal base diameter) mm 9.1.4 f bm mean base diameter deviation mm 14.3.1 f e eccentricity between gear axis and axis of gear teeth m Figure 34 f f profile form deviation m Figure 14 f f helix form deviation m Figure 37 f f helix form tolerance m

47、 8.3.1 f H profile slope deviation b m Figure 14 f Hm mean profile slope deviation b m 9.1.5 f Hi individual profile slope deviation b m 9.1.5 f H helix slope deviation b m 6.4 f Hi individual helix slope deviation b m 9.2.5 f Hm mean helix slope deviation b m 9.2.5 f Hmt mean helix slope deviation,

48、 in the transverse plane and tangent to the measurement diameter b m Formula (37) f i tooth-to-tooth single flank composite deviation without removal of the long term component m 11.2.2 f is tooth-to-tooth single flank composite deviation after removal of long term component m 11.1 f l variance of t

49、he long period component over one revolution m 11.2.2 f p single pitch deviation b m 8.4.3 f pzm mean lead deviation b mm 14.4.1 f pbnm mean normal base pitch deviation b m 14.2.1 f pbn normal base pitch deviation b m 6.2.4 f pbni individual normal base pitch deviation b m 14.1 f pb single pitch deviation b , normal base m 8.4.3 f pbt single pitch deviation b , transverse base m Formula (19) aSymbols used for deviations of individual element measurements from specified v