ISO TR 11071-2-2006 Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards - Part 2 Hydraulic lifts (elevators)《世界范围电梯安全标准比较 第2部分 液压电梯》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) ISO 2006TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11071-2 Second edition 2006-04-15 Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards Part 2: Hydraulic lifts (elevators) Comparaison des normes mondiales de scurit des ascenseurs Partie 2: Ascenseurs hydrauliques ISO/TR 11071-2:2006

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5、O 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the

6、 country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword

7、 iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terminology 1 3 Basis for lift safety standards development (basic assumptions) 5 4 Approach to design safety for hydraulic components . 13 5 Driving Machines and jacks (plungers and cylinders) 33 6 Valves, Piping and Fittings 44 7 Ropes and chains . 59 8 Capacity an

8、d loading 65 9 Spaces and clearances 75 10 Protection against free-fall, excessive speed and creeping 78 11 Electrical devices 83 Annex A (informative) Tabulations . 88 Annex B (informative) References 113 Annex C (informative) CEN/TC10/WG1 N99. 115 ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights rese

9、rvedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which

10、 a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all mat

11、ters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circu

12、lated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an Internat

13、ional Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid

14、or useful. ISO/TR 11071-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators and moving walks. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 11071-2:1996), and amendment 1 (ISO/TR 11071-2:1996/Amd. 1:1999), which have been technically revised. ISO/TR 11071 consist

15、s of the following parts, under the general title Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards: Part 1: Electric lifts (elevators) Part 2: Hydraulic lifts (elevators) ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vIntroduction Introduction to 1996 edition At the 1981 plenary meeting of ISO/TC

16、 178, work was started on a comparison of CEN standard EN 81/1 with the American, Canadian, and USSR lift safety standards. In 1983, Working Group 4 was officially formed to carry out the task of preparing cross reference between the relevant sections of these standards and to analyze the difference

17、s on selected subjects. The goal at that time was to prepare a technical report which would provide reference information to assist national committees when reviewing and revising individual standards which may initiate a gradual convergence of the technical requirements. In 1984, the study was expa

18、nded to include the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) safety standard. That report, ISO/TR 11071-1, Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards Part 1: Electric lifts (elevators), was published 1990-12-01. In 1989, the charge to WG 4 was expanded to include hydraulic lifts. Since there

19、 was no standard for hydraulic lifts in the Russian Federation, and the CMEA standard was being phased out of use, this Part 2 of the comparison is generally limited to the ASME, CEN, and CSA standards. The Japan Elevator Association was invited to add their standards to this comparison, however, no

20、 response to this request was received. This report is intended to aid standards writers in developing their safety requirements, and to help standard users understand the basis for the requirements as they are applied throughout the world. This report is not intended to replace existing safety stan

21、dards. Conclusions are arrived at in some cases, but only where there is unanimity amongst the various experts. In other cases, the reasons for the divergent views are expressed. This report must be read in conjunction with the various safety standards, as it was often necessary to summarize the req

22、uirements for the sake of clarifying the comparisons. Further, the information contained in this report does not necessarily represent the opinions of the standards writing organizations responsible for the development of the safety standards which are being compared, and they should be consulted re

23、garding interpretations of their requirements (see Annex B). Introduction to this edition After the original publication (1996) of this technical report, including American, Canadian and European data and thereto Supplement 1 (1999-08-01), which added Australian and Japanese data, has been revised o

24、r amended. The recommendations in the form of “agreed upon points” stated in the first edition have also affected the revisions of the national standards. The original report and amendment have been widely used by lift industry and standards writing organizations, including the ISO Technical Committ

25、ee 178. Users have expressed need for an updated and consolidated version of the document, in particular the comparison tabulations. With the Resolution 208/2002, the ISO/TC 178 requested WG4 to consolidate original publications, including Supplements and “to update comparison tables in ISO/TR 11071

26、 with data from the most recently published standards for lifts and to republish both documents, Part 1 and Part 2 with updated tables and with minimum changes to the narrative sections”. The narrative sections of the original publication, in particular assumptions, historical backgrounds, observati

27、ons and suggestions as well as the points agreed upon were the result of extensive work of the ISO/TC 178 Working group 4. ISO/TC 178 is currently working on a new series of ISO documents under the general title Safety requirements for lifts (elevators). In that process the updated comparison tables

28、 are being used as reference. Extensive work on complete re-write of the narrative sections was not deemed necessary. However, republication of the text with only minor editorial changes would help readers to understand the background to the safety concerns being addressed in the current national st

29、andards. However, because of ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) vi ISO 2006 All rights reservedrecent (2000) harmonization of ASME and CSA Codes, it was necessary to replace the quoted rule numbers with those in the current Codes In most sentences the ASME and CSA. I some other cases quoted references are updat

30、ed in a NOTE following the narrative section or sentence. All quoted requirement referenced in all tables (CEN, ASME/CSA, Japan and SA) are up to date. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Comparison of worldwide lift safety standards Part 2: Hydraulic lifts (elevato

31、rs) 1 Scope This Technical Report consists of a comparison of the requirements of selected topics as covered by the following worldwide safety standards (excluding regional or national deviations): a) CEN European Standard EN 81-2:1998, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts Par

32、t 2: Hydraulic lifts; b) ASME A17.1:2004, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators and CSA B44:2004, Safety Code for Elevators; c) Japan - Building Standard Law of Japan (BSLJ); d) Standards Australia: AS 1735-1:2003, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks Part 1: General Requirements; AS 1735-3:2002, L

33、ifts, Escalators and Moving Walks Part 3: Passenger and Goods Lifts Electro-hydraulic. This Technical Report applies to hydraulic lifts only, both of the direct and indirect acting type. It should be noted that, in addition to the above listed standards, lifts must conform to the requirements of oth

34、er standards (for example, standards covering mechanical, structural, and electrical equipment; building codes, and environmental regulations). Some of the standards will be referred to in this Technical Report. 2 Terminology 2.1 Lifts and elevators 2.1.1 The CEN term lift corresponds to the ASME an

35、d CSA term elevator. These terms are used inter-changeably in this report. ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved2.1.2 For the purposes of this report, unless otherwise specified, the terms passenger lift and freight lift correspond to the following terms used in other Standards: Corr

36、espond to terms used in the following standards *Term used in this report CEN ASME and CSA Passenger lift Lift except goods passenger lift Passenger elevator thus a factor of 1,15 is included in their factor of safety determination. NOTE CEN reference to “Clause 12, NOTE 1” in this clause and throug

37、h the 1996 edition of this document has been replaced with reference to “Annex K, Clause K1.1” in this edition. Thus, ASME WP = 1,15 x (CEN FLP). 2.4 Other terms Additional terminology, where there is a difference between the CEN and the ASME and CSA standards, is shown in Table 2: NOTE Since ASME a

38、nd CSA are now harmonized they will be shown through this edition in a column under title “ASME and CSA” or “ASME/CSA”. Table 2 Terminology CEN ASME and CSA Docking operation Truck zone operation Electric safety device Electrical protective device Fixings Fastenings Landing door Hoistway door Mains

39、Main power supply Reeving ratio Roping ratio Instantaneous safety gear Type A safeties (instantaneous safeties) Progressive safety gear Type B safeties (progressive safeties) Pulley Sheave Safety gear Safeties Well Hoistway 2.5 Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in this report: FOS =

40、 Factor of safety or safety factor. YP = Yield point. WP = Working pressure. UTS = Ultimate tensile strength. FLP = Full load pressure. NOTE See also list of abbreviations in item 4.1.2. ISO/TR 11071-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 53 Basis for lift safety standards development (basic assumpt

41、ions) 3.1 Historical background 3.1.1 All lift safety standards assume certain things as being true, without proving them as such, and stipulate safety rules that are based on these assumptions. 3.1.2 No standard, however, clearly spells out the assumptions used. The CEN committee analyzed its stand

42、ard and summarized in the document CEN/TC10/WG1 N99 (see Annex C) the assumptions that, in the opinion of the committee, were used in the CEN standard. 3.1.3 The CEN assumptions were compared with assumptions implicitly built into other safety standards. It has been indicated that: a) some assumptio

43、ns apparently used in the CEN standard were not listed in the document referred to in CEN/TC10/WG1 N99; b) some assumptions used in other standards differ from those in CEN/TC10/WG1 N99. 3.1.4 Using CEN/TC10/WG1 N99 as a model, the following list of assumptions (see 3.3 through 3.9 in this report) h

44、as been developed, which could be used as a basis for future work on safety standards. The CEN assumptions 5 (related to car speed) and 7 (related to restrictors) as listed in Annex C have not been considered for adoption in this report, since they are deemed to be design parameters. Further, CEN as

45、sumption 2 is adopted in this report as assumption 1 and CEN assumption 6 as assumption 3(c) in order to be consistent with Part 1 of this report. In summary, CEN assumptions 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 correspond to assumptions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in this report. Assumption 7 is not covered in the CEN d

46、ocument. 3.2 General 3.2.1 Listed in 3.3 through 3.9 (except as noted) are those things specific to lifts that are assumed as true, although not yet proven or demonstrated as such, including: a) functioning and reliability of lift components; b) human behaviour and endurance; and c) acceptable level

47、 of safety and safety margins. 3.2.2 Where the probability of an occurrence is considered highly unlikely, it is considered as not happening. 3.2.3 Where an occurrence proves that an assumption is false, it does not necessarily prove that all other assumptions are false. 3.2.4 The assumptions should

48、 be subject to periodic review by standards writing organizations to ensure their continuing validity considering accident statistics, as well as such things as changes in technologies, public expectations (e.g. product liability), and human behaviour. 3.3 Assumption 1 safe operation assured to 125

49、% of rated load Safe operation of lifts is assured for loads ranging from 0 to 100 % of the rated load. In addition, in the case of passenger lifts (see 2.1.2), safe operation is also assured for an overload of 25 %; however, it is not necessary to be able to raise this overload nor to achieve normal operation (rated load performance).