1、 ISO 2013 Road vehicles Calculation processes for the neck injury criteria in rear impact Vhicules routiers Mthodes de calcul des critres lsionnels au cou en choc arrire TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13330 First edition 2013-02-01 Reference number ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) ISO/TR 13330:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All r
2、ights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO a
3、t the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents
4、 Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 General recommendations 1 4 Calculation pr oc ess defined for each crit erion . 2 4.1 Upper neck loads . 2 4.2 NIC 123 4.3 Nij 3. 4 4.4 Nkm ( 4 , 5 ).14 4.5 LNL ( 6 ) .16 Bibliography .19 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Or
5、ganization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establ
6、ished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizati
7、on. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
8、 Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, fo
9、r example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the p
10、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 13330 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 12, Passive safety crash protection s
11、ystems.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) Road vehicles Calculation processes for the neck injury criteria in rear impact 1 Scope This Technical Report recommends calculation procedures for several neck performance criteria for low-severity rear impact that are fou
12、nd in the literature. This Technical Report does not recommend any particular criteria or provide injury risk curves since the mechanisms of whiplash injury are neither proven nor validated. Calculations given in this Technical Report apply to mid-size adult male dummies only. 2 Normative references
13、 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6 487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques
14、in impact tests Instrumentation SAE J211-1:2003, Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1: Electronic Instrumentation 3 General recommendations Raw data (unfiltered) must be used as input in the calculation process (including filtering as a first step) described below in this Technical Report. Sign co
15、nventions and the reference frame are those described in SAE J211-1 and shown in Figure 1. +Y +Z +X Figure 1 Reference coordinate system The positive x-axis will be directed forward. The positive y-axis will be directed from the dummys left to its right side. The positive z-axis will be directed dow
16、nward from head to toe. For neck loads, polarities should be checked with the following manipulations: Fx 0: head rearward, chest forward; Fy 0: head leftward, chest rightward; Fz 0: head upward, chest downward; Mx 0: left ear toward left shoulder; ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E)
17、 Mx 0: left ear toward left shoulder; My 0: chin toward sternum; Mz 0: chin toward left shoulder. The neck forces and moment can be divided in several portions: The anterior portion of the neck force about the x-axis is defined as the positive portion of the neck force about the x-axis measurement.
18、The posterior portion is defined as the negative portion. The extension portion of the neck force about the z-axis is defined as the positive portion of the neck force about the z-axis measurement. The compression portion is defined as the negative portion. The flexion portion of the neck moment cal
19、culated at the occipital condyles about the y-axis is defined as the positive portion of the measurement, while extension portion is considered as the negative portion. Film or animation video should be available in order to check the main events, such as head contact with the head rest. 4 Calculati
20、on pr oc ess defined for each crit erion 4.1 Upper neck loads 4.1.1 Measurements used F xu pper neck t _ () : Upper neck force about the x-axis in N. F zu pper neck t _ () : Upper neck force about the z-axis in N. 4.1.2 Measur ement filt ering The raw data are filtered using the filters as indicated
21、 in Table 1. Table 1 Filtering of the measurements used in the calculation process of the upper neck loads following ISO 6487 or SAE J211-1 CFC Measurements 1000F xu ppern eck t _ ()F zu ppern eck t _ () 4.1.3 Zero offset measurements Remove the offset of the filtered channels described in 4.1.1 “Me
22、asurements used”. The offset is defined as the mean calculated over the last 10 ms of the measurement before the time of impact, i.e. the last 100 points for a data acquisition of 10 kHz. 4.1.4 Time windo w to define crit eria for maximum /minimum v alue The whole time window available is used to de
23、termine the minimum and/or maximum values. 4.1.5 Calculation process description F xu pper neck time window F xu ppern eck fo t _ _max max _ _ & () F zu pper neck time window F zu ppern eck fo t _ _max max _ _ & () 2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) F xu pper neck time window F xu p
24、pern eck fo t _ _min min _ _ & () F zu pper neck time window F zu ppern eck fo t _ _min min _ _ & () where F xu pper neck fo t _ & () and F zu pper neck fo t _ & () are the upper neck forces in x and z directions after the filtering and correction of zero offset. 4.1.6 Dummy for which this criterion
25、 is calculated This criterion can be calculated for any dummy for which measurements described above are available. 4.2 NIC 12 4.2.1 Measurements used xh ead t _ () : Head linear acceleration about the x-axis measured at the centre of gravity in m/s 2 . xT t _ () 1 : T1 linear acceleration about the
26、 x-axis in m/s 2 . 4.2.2 Measur ement filt ering The raw data are filtered using the filters as indicated in Table 2. Table 2 Filtering of the measurements used in the calculation process of the NIC according to ISO 6487 or SAE J211-1 CFC Measurements 1000 xh ead t _ () 180 xT t _ () 1 4.2.3 Zero of
27、fset measurements Remove the offset of the filtered channels described in 4.2.1 “Measurements used”. The offset is defined as the mean calculated over the last 10 ms of the measurement before the time of impact, i.e. the last 100 points for a data acquisition of 10 kHz. 4.2.4 Time windo w to define
28、crit eria for maximum v alue The time window to evaluate maximum NIC is until the time of end of head restraint contact. 4.2.5 Calculation process description NICt t time window xT fo xh ead fo xT max( .* () () ( _ _ & _ & _ 02 11 f fo xh ead fo t tt & _ & () ( ) ) 0 2where ISO 2013 All rights reser
29、ved 3 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) xT fo t _ & () 1and xh ead fo t _ & () are the T1 and head x linear accelerations after the filtering and correction of zero offset. If T1 is measured at two locations, e.g. left and right, T1 is the mean of the two location measurements. Firstly, filter each T1 channel wi
30、th CFC180, then calculate an average channel by adding both channels and dividing by 2. Finally, determine the positive maximum between time zero and the time of end of head restraint contact. Constants of integration at time zero are 0 m/s. 4.2.6 Filtering after calculation process NIC should not b
31、e filtered after calculation. 4.2.7 Dummy for which this criterion is calculated This criterion can be calculated for any mid-size male dummy for which measurements described above are available. 4.3 Nij 3 4.3.1 Measurements used F xu pper neck t _ () : Upper neck force about the x-axis in N. F zu p
32、per neck t _ () : Upper neck force about the z-axis in N. M yu ppern eck t _ () : Upper neck moment about the y-axis in N.m. 4.3.2 Measur ements filt ering The raw data are filtered using the filters as indicated in Table 3. Table 3 Filtering of the measurements used in the calculation process of th
33、e Nij according to ISO 6487 or SAE J211-1 CFC Measurements 1000F xu ppern eck t _ ()F zu ppern eck t _ () 600 M yu pper neck t _ () 4.3.3 Zero offset measurements Remove the offset of the filtered channels described in 4.3.1 “Measurements used”. The offset is defined as the mean calculated over the
34、last 10 ms of the measurement before the time of impact, i.e. the last 100 points for a data acquisition of 10 kHz. 4.3.4 Time windo w to define crit eria for maximum v alue The maximum of the Nij components should be calculated on the whole time window available.4 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/T
35、R 13330:2013(E) 4.3.5 Calculation process description Nij time window F zu ppern eck fo t Fzc MOC y fo t Myc max _ ( _MOC y fo tF zcand M yc are the critical values for upper neck force about the z-axis and for the moment calculated at the occipital condyles about the y-axis. The critical values (in
36、tercepts) used are included in Table 4. Table 4 Critical values used in Nij calculation for mid-size male F zctension (N) F zccompression (N) M ycflexion (Nm) M ycextension (Nm) 6806 -6160 310 -135 MOC y fo tM yu ppern eck fo tD F xu ppern eck fo tM yu ppern eck fo t _D is the distance between the m
37、easurement centre of the upper neck load cell and the occipital condyles about the z-axis. Checking the value of D dist ance relevant for t he sensor model used w it h t he sensor manufac t urer is required. MOC y fo t & () should not be filtered after calculation. Examples of upper neck forces and
38、upper neck moments are given in Figures 2 and 3. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Y X Key X time in seconds Y upper neck force Fig u re 2 E x a mple of F zu pper neck fo t _ & () ( upp er n eck f or c e ab ou t t he z-a
39、x i s a f t er t he f i lt er i n g and correction of zero offset)6 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 Y X Key X time in seconds Y upper neck moment Fig u re 3 E x a mple of M yu ppern eck fo t _Nce where F zu pper neck fo t _Ntf whe
40、re F zu pper neck fo t _Nte where F zu pper neck fo t _ & () is in tension and MOC y fo t & () in extension. The tension portion of the upper neck force about the z-axis is defined as the positive portion of the upper neck force about the z-axis measurement. The compression portion is defined as the
41、 negative portion (see example in Figure 4). In the same manner, the flexion portion of the moment calculated at the occipital condyles about the y-axis is defined as the positive portion of the measurement, while the extension portion is considered as the negative portion (see example in Figure 5).
42、 In each of these combinations, when a data channel is not in its designated load type its value is to be set to zero. For example, to calculate the Nce (compression extension) value, all data values of F z fo t & () which do not represent compressive loading are set to zero. Likewise, all data valu
43、es of M y fo t & () which do not represent an extension loading are set to zero. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 7 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Y X Key X time in seconds Y upper neck force Fig u re 4 E x a mple of t e n s ion p or t ion of t he upp e
44、r n eck f or c e ab ou t t he z-a x i s de f i ne d as t he pos i t iv e p or t ion (r e d c u r v e) a nd c ompr e s s ion p or t ion of t he upp er n eck f or c e ab ou t t he z-a x i s de f i ne d as t he ne g at i ve p or t ion ( bl ue c u r v e)8 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 13330:2013(E
45、) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 Y X Key X time in seconds Y upper neck moment Fig u re 5 E x a mple of f le x ion p or t ion of t he upp er n eck moment cal cula te d at t he o c c ipi t a l c ond y le s ab ou t t he y- a x i s de f i ne d as t he pos i t iv e p or t ion (r e d
46、 c u r v e) a nd t he e x t e n s ion p or t ion of t he upp e r n eck moment c a lc u l at e d at t he o c c ipi t a l c ond y le s ab ou t t he y- a x i s de f i ne d as t he negative portion (blue curve) The force contribution to each Nij component is defined as F zu ppern eck fo t Fzc _ & ()(see
47、 example in Figure 6 for tension/compression contributions and in Figure 7 for flexion/extension contributions). The moment contribution to each Nij component is defined as MOC y fo t Myc & () . ISO 2013 All rights reserved 9 ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,
48、10 0,12 Y X Key X time in seconds Y force contributions Fig u re 6 E x a mple of t he f or c e c ont r ibu t ion s f or t e n s ion (r e d c u r v e) a nd f or c ompr e s s ion ( bl ue curve) -0,02 0,08 0,18 0,28 0,38 0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 Y X 0,14 0,16 0,18 Key X time in seconds Y mome
49、nt contributions Figure 7 E x a mple of t he moment c ont r ibut ion s for f lex ion (r e d c u r v e) a nd ex t en s ion ( blue c u r v e)10 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 13330:2013(E) In case the Nij maximum among the four components is to be calculated, the different portions can be summed using either one of the following processes: For each of the four Nij
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