ISO TR 13570-1-2005 Wheelchairs - Part 1 Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs《轮椅 有关轮椅的ISO 7176系列标准的应用指南》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13570-1 First edition 2005-04-15 Wheelchairs Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs Fauteuils roulants Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour lapplication de la srie ISO 7176 aux fauteuils roula

2、nts ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing.

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5、address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or

6、ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved ii

7、iContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 How to use this Technical Report . 2 3 Standardized testing and information disclosure . 2 3.1 General. 2 3.2 Background on tests and standards. 2 3.3 Standards increase your buying power 2 3.4 More about International Standards . 3 3.5 How chairs are tested. 5

8、 3.6 How information is disclosed 5 4 General considerations 6 4.1 Manual versus powered wheelchairs 6 4.2 Rigid versus folding manual wheelchairs 8 4.3 Direct-drive versus belt-drive powered wheelchairs. 8 4.4 Cost 9 5 Incorporating personal body characteristics. 10 5.1 Body size 10 5.2 Seating . 1

9、1 5.3 Joint flexibility . 19 5.4 Propulsion skill . 21 6 Manual wheelchairs 23 6.1 Performance 23 6.2 Safety 31 6.3 Dimensions 36 7 Powered wheelchairs 39 7.1 Performance 39 7.2 Safety 49 7.3 Dimensions 60 Annex A (informative) Additional information not required for disclosure in the manufacturers

10、technical product literature 65 Bibliography . 68 ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma

11、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th

12、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare

13、International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical c

14、ommittee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in natu

15、re and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten

16、t rights. ISO/TR 13570-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products for persons with disability, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO/TR 13570:2001, of which it constitutes a minor revision. This part of ISO/TR 13570

17、 is based on the book, A Guide to Wheelchair Selection: How to Use the ANSI/RESNA Wheelchair Standards to Buy a Wheelchair, written by Peter Axelson, Jean Minkel and Denise Chesney, published in 1994 by the Paralyzed Veterans of America, Washington, DC, USA. ISO/TR 13570 consists of the following pa

18、rts, under the general title Wheelchairs: Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs The following part is under preparation: Part 2: Typical values and recommended limits or dimensions, mass and manoeuvring space as determined in ISO 7176-5 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR

19、13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Wheelchairs Part 1: Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on wheelchairs 1 Scope The purpose of this part of ISO/TR 13570 is to explain how you can use the International Standards on wheelchairs to select your next wheelchair. The actual

20、standards are very technical and, at first glance, you may not understand how this information will help you select a wheelchair or scooter. This part of ISO/TR 13570 is meant to help you understand the purpose for and content of International Standards on wheelchairs. This part of ISO/TR 13570 is d

21、ivided into six clauses. a) How to use this Technical Report. b) Standardized testing and information disclosure: Provides background information on standardized testing of wheelchairs. Discusses how chairs are tested and how information is disclosed. c) General considerations: Discusses general con

22、siderations related to choosing a powered or manual wheelchair. d) Incorporating personal body characteristics: Relates your physical characteristics to the fit of a chair, either manual or powered. e) Manual wheelchairs: Discusses manual wheelchair test procedures. f) Powered wheelchairs: Discusses

23、 powered wheelchair test procedures; focuses on three- and four- wheeled scooters as well as full-sized powered wheelchairs. In the manual and powered wheelchair sections, the test procedures are grouped into three categories: performance, safety, and dimensions. For each test procedure, this part o

24、f ISO/TR 13570 includes reasons why you might need this information, a brief description of the standardized test procedure, how the results of the test will be disclosed in the manufacturers technical product literature, and how to interpret the results of the test for your own situation. ISO/TR 13

25、570-1:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved2 How to use this Technical Report If you are an experienced rider, you may know which elements of performance, safety and dimension are important to you. If not, or if you are a novice, we highly recommend that you involve other knowledgeable people in se

26、lecting your wheelchair. Many rehabilitation specialists have the expertise and training in using these standards and can help you select an appropriate wheelchair. An excellent approach to the wheelchair selection process is to set priorities based on your mobility and seating needs. Setting priori

27、ties will help you identify the features that are most important to you and those on which you are willing to compromise. For example, if you live in a small apartment and need to fit your wheelchair into the boot (trunk) of your car, you will probably want to look specifically at the overall dimens

28、ions, foldability, and weight of the wheelchair. On the other hand, if you use a van and have an accessible apartment or home, you may not need a folding wheelchair. This part of ISO/TR 13570 will help you understand the test results that pertain to the factors most important to you. Armed with this

29、 information, you will be able to accurately compare products and make an informed purchasing decision. 3 Standardized testing and information disclosure 3.1 General Purchasing a wheelchair can be a harrowing experience and finding the right chair among so many choices might seem impossible. Compari

30、ng wheelchair characteristics and performance has been difficult in the past because manufacturers used different standards and procedures to measure and test their chairs. For example, one manufacturer measured seat width from the outside of the seat rails, another measured from inside the rails, a

31、nd a third measured the distance between the armrest panels. Thus, if you requested a chair with a seat width of 18 inches, the actual distance from the outside of the seat rails could be anywhere from 17 inches to 19 inches. This inconsistency, as well as a general concern for user safety, led to t

32、he development of standardized wheelchair measurements and test procedures. The results of these procedures will provide you with the information you need for true comparison shopping. 3.2 Background on tests and standards The ISO Technical Committee on wheelchairs has been working to provide consum

33、ers with objective information about the characteristics and performance of wheelchairs. The committee includes rehabilitation engineers, wheelchair manufacturers, agency representatives, wheelchair users, and wheelchair prescribers. The standards developed by the committee consist of a number of te

34、st procedures that apply to all wheelchairs and some that apply only to powered wheelchairs, including scooters. The test procedures are detailed instructions on how to perform the tests or measurements on wheelchairs. Some of the test procedures suggest minimum performance criteria for durability a

35、nd safety, while others disclose the results of the tests for comparison purposes. The information obtained from the tests is designed to help you make better-educated selections. See Figure 1. The standardized test procedures also allow you to compare the test results of wheelchairs from different

36、manufacturers. Since many of the test procedures set minimum performance levels, they also help manufacturers produce better products. 3.3 Standards increase your buying power The standards are voluntary: manufacturers are not required by law to use the test procedures. However, if consumers start u

37、sing the results as a basis for wheelchair selection, the manufacturers who do not use the standards may lose sales. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the single largest purchaser of wheelchairs in the United States, is adopting the standards for future wheelchair purchasing. Marketplace p

38、ressure will most likely encourage overall compliance with the standards. ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3Figure 1 Finding the right chair among so many choices might seem impossible 3.4 More about International Standards To gain the maximum benefit from the standardized testing

39、, both consumers and professionals must understand how to use the information. The following is a list of the test standards, listed by their ISO number designation, that apply to all wheelchairs, with a brief description of the test procedure. ISO 6440:1985, Wheelchairs Nomenclature, terms and defi

40、nitions. This International Standard establishes the terms and definitions used in the test procedures. ISO 7193:1985, Wheelchairs Maximum overall dimensions. This International Standard establishes suggested maximum dimensions of a chair for other organizations to use as guidelines for architectura

41、l accessibility. ISO 7176-1:1999, Wheelchairs Part 1: Determination of static stability. This test determines how stable the wheelchair is when it is resting on a sloped surface. ISO 7176-3:2003, Wheelchairs Part 3: Determination of efficiency of brakes. This test determines how well the wheel locks

42、 (parking brakes) prevent the wheelchair from rolling on a sloped surface. This test also determines the minimum stopping distance of a powered wheelchair at its maximum speed. ISO 7176-5:1986, Wheelchairs Part 5: Determination of overall dimensions, mass and turning space. This part addresses the o

43、verall length, width, height, folded width, mass and turnaround space of the chair. ISO 7176-7:1998, Wheelchairs Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions. This part addresses the dimensional information needed to fit a chair to a rider. Standard methods of measurement eliminate the proble

44、ms that result from variations in measurement methods. ISO 7176-8:1998, Wheelchairs Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths. This part addresses the strength and durability of a wheelchair. ISO 7176-11:1992, Wheelchairs Part 11: Test dummies. This part addresse

45、s the dimensional and mass (weight) specifications of the dummies to be used when conducting the tests. ISO/TR 13570-1:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO 7176-13:1989, Wheelchairs Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces. This test describes the roughness or slipperi

46、ness of the surface to be used for testing. ISO 7176-15:1996, Wheelchairs Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling. This part tells what information manufacturers are required to disclose and how it should be disclosed in their product literature, if they choose

47、to comply with the standards. ISO 7176-16:1997, Wheelchairs Part 16: Resistance to ignition of upholstered parts Requirements and test methods. This test addresses the extent to which upholstery will burn and how fire retardant the upholstery is. ISO 7176-19:2001, Wheelchairs Part 19: Wheeled mobili

48、ty devices for use in motor vehicles. This part sets out the design and performance requirements, and associated test methods, for wheelchairs that are intended for use as a seat in a motor vehicle. ISO 7176-22:2000, Wheelchairs Part 22: Set-up procedures. This part specifies the procedures for conf

49、iguring and adjusting a wheelchair prior to testing. ISO 7176-23:2002, Wheelchairs Part 23: Requirements and test methods for attendant-operated stair- climbing devices. This part determines the performance of stair-climbing devices that are operated by an attendant. ISO 7176-24:2004, Wheelchairs Part 24: Requirements and test methods for user-operated stair-climbing devices. This part determines the performance of stair-climbing devices that are operated by the occupant. The following is a list