ISO TR 15155-2005 Test facilities for agricultural irrigation equipment《农业灌溉设备的试验设施》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) ISO 2005TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 15155 First edition 2005-05-01 Test facilities for agricultural irrigation equipment Installations dessais pour le matriel agricole dirrigation ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In

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6、211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO/TR 15155:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 S

7、ystem components. 2 5 Test facility procedures and policies 6 Annex A (informative) Sprinkler hydraulic properties in clear water 10 Annex B (informative) Drip emitters and emitting pipe hydraulic properties in clear water 12 Annex C (informative) Valves hydraulic properties in clear water 14 ISO/TR

8、 15155:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem

9、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El

10、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ado

11、pted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that

12、which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it prov

13、ides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 15155 was prepared by Technical Committee

14、 ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Test facilities for agricultural irrigation equipment 1 Scope This Technical Report is intended to p

15、rovide guidance on the design, selection, installation and use of the equipment required to establish basic test facilities for irrigation equipment evaluation. Its purpose is to provide information sufficient to complement the detailed procedures included in ISO 9261, ISO 15886, ISO 7714, ISO 9635,

16、 ISO 9644, ISO 9911, ISO 9952 and ISO 10522 for the testing of agricultural irrigation system components, specifically: emitters, sprinklers and valves. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the ed

17、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15886-1, Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers Part 1: Definition of terms and classification ISO 15886-3, Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprinklers Part 3: Ch

18、aracterization of distribution and test methods ISO 9261, Agricultural irrigation equipment Emitters and emitting pipe Specification and test methods ISO 7714, Agricultural irrigation equipment Volumetric valves General requirements and test methods ISO 9635, Irrigation equipment Hydraulically opera

19、ted irrigation valves 1)ISO 9644, Agricultural irrigation equipment Pressure losses in irrigation valves Test method ISO 9911, Agricultural irrigation equipment Manually operated small plastics valves ISO 10522, Agricultural irrigation equipment Direct-acting pressure-regulating valves ISO/IEC 17025

20、1999, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test bench collection of components, including water supply/receiving reservoir, piping, fittings and instr

21、umentation, assembled to test an agricultural irrigation component 1) Under revision. ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3.2 test facility collection of components, including water supply, test bench(es) and shelter, used to test agricultural irrigation valves, sprinklers and emitter

22、s 3.3 net positive suction head available arithmetic difference between the available total suction head at the impeller of a centrifugal pump and the vapour pressure head 3.4 net positive suction head required arithmetic difference between the total suction head at the impeller of a centrifugal pum

23、p required for the pump to operate properly and the vapour pressure head, as specified by the manufacturer 3.5 static pressure head sum of the head associated with atmospheric pressure and the gauge pressure head measured approaching the inlet of the impeller of a centrifugal pump 3.6 total suction

24、head at the impeller of a centrifugal pump sum of the static pressure head and the velocity head measured approaching the inlet of the impeller of a centrifugal pump and corrected to the centreline of the impeller for a centrifugal pump mounted horizontally or to the datum of the tip of the inlet va

25、nes for a centrifugal pump mounted vertically 3.7 vapour pressure head head associated with the absolute pressure at which a liquid vaporizes, as determined by the physical properties of the liquid and its temperature 4 System components 4.1 Pumps and pump environment For specific requirements prior

26、 to selecting a pump, see Annex A for sprinklers, Annex B for emitters and emitting pipe, and Annex C for valves. 4.1.1 Selection The size and type of pump selected depend on the requirements of the equipment to be tested. More than one pump may be required depending on the range of flows and pressu

27、res required by the equipment to be tested. Identify the equipment, test flow range and test pressure range before selecting a pump. Select a centrifugal pump or a turbine pump based on the desired configuration of the test bench. Ensure that the pumps and controls selected provide the required hydr

28、aulic characteristics continuously and without vibration that could affect the measurement accuracy. Dampen turbulence or use flow-straightening vanes in critical locations such as the inlet to a sprinkler test riser. Employ a variable-frequency drive (VFD) to control the motor, allowing the pump to

29、 operate over a wider range of flows and pressures. Control the flow using equipment installed on the test bench (nozzle, emitters, valve, regulator and pipe size) and/or by the speed at which the pump is operated. Control flow and/or pressure with regulating valves on the inlet or outlet pipe, as n

30、eeded. ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3Ensure that the pump is able to provide at least 110 % of the maximum pressure at 110 % of the maximum flow rate required for the device being tested. Review the pump curve for the selected pump to ensure it will operate over the required ran

31、ge. 4.1.2 Installation Ensure that the pump is installed in a configuration that does not require priming and that the water supply/receiving tank has sufficient volume so that water temperature change during a test does not exceed the testing criteria. Filtration is required to maintain the quality

32、 of the water supply and to meet the requirements of the equipment to be tested. If no specific filtration standard is required, the equivalent of a 200 mesh (75 microns) filter is recommended. Provide a by-pass circuit to effectively increase the operating range of the test bench. See Figures 1, 2

33、and 3 for typical test bench configurations for testing valves, sprinklers and emitters. 4.1.3 Use Ensure that proper safety equipment is installed and that operational procedures are documented. Refer to local codes to ensure that installation and use meet safety standards. 4.2 Pressure measurement

34、 Measure pressure using a manometer filled with mercury or another calibrated liquid; manually read gauges or recording transducers with an analog or digital display or recorded directly using a data-logger. Ensure that the pressure range is higher than the expected pressures to prevent over-ranging

35、 of the gauge. See Annexes A, B and C for specifications. 4.2.1 Selection The size and type of gauges required depend on the requirements of the equipment to be tested. More than one gauge may be required, depending on the range of pressures dictated by the equipment to be tested. Select a gauge tha

36、t operates in the middle of its operating range for the test procedure and which is large enough to be easily read with increments as required by the accuracy indicated in the test procedure. A 100 mm dial face and a minimum accuracy of 0,5 % of reading are recommended unless otherwise specified in

37、the relative test procedure of the International Standard being used (see Clause 1 for mention of the relevant published standards). An electronic pressure transmitter can be used over a wide range of pressures. Figure 4 illustrates eight consecutive pressure gauges for the range of 0 to 4 MPa (0 to

38、 40 bar) 2) , where the grey area defines the range of the pressure with accuracy higher than 0,5 %. 4.2.2 Installation and location of sensors Provide pressure taps at varying locations as required by the equipment being tested. Figure 5 shows information for design and installation of pressure tap

39、s. Locate gauges away from areas of excessive vibration. It is preferable to have pressure measurements made at the same elevation as the pressure tap and at the exact location at which the pressure information is required, in order to eliminate mathematical calculations and approximations. If this

40、is not physically possible, make a correction for the elevation difference. A correction is also required if differential pressure measurements are made in pipes of a different size. 2) 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10 5Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm 2ISO/TR 15155:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.2.3 Calibration and

41、 certification Ensure that pressure taps are designed to allow easy access for pressure gauge inspection and maintenance. A regular calibration schedule is required to ensure the continuing reliability of the readings. Give each gauge an identification number and maintain a calibration log. Use comm

42、ercial dead weight testers to calibrate gauges. In general, check calibration before and after a specific test program. Inspection frequency and operation should comply with ISO/IEC 17025. 4.3 Flow and volume measurement Measure actual flow rate and accumulated volume using calibrated flow meters or

43、 by recording the duration of the flow and the mass or volume of the water or other liquid and then calculating the flow rate and total flow. Electromagnetic-type flow meters are considered the most accurate type of flow meter. 4.3.1 Flow meter alternatives and selection There are several types of f

44、low meters that are classified according to the operating principle. Turbine, impeller, magnetic, and positive displacement types depend on a sensor installed in the piping system. Differential-pressure types depend on orifice plates in the piping system. Install the meters or sensors as specified b

45、y the manufacturer. Select a set of flow meters that give the required accuracy over the range of flow rates of the devices to be tested. The volumetric method may be used for devices with low flow rates such as nozzles and emitters and a flow meter for higher-flow devices. Select a meter that is du

46、rable and maintains calibration. 4.3.2 Volumetric (time and mass/volume) Time and mass or time and volume can be used to determine flow rate and volume over the selected time period. The time and mass method is easier to automate. Although this method is more difficult to design into a test bench, t

47、he need for periodic calibration is greatly reduced. Calibration of the mass or volume scale is required less frequently (annually) than calibration of a flow meter and is a simpler procedure. Once the receiving tank has been calibrated, there should be no need to re-calibrate unless the tank is rel

48、ocated or damaged. This method may not be practical for measuring total volume of devices requiring high flow rates unless a large receiving tank is constructed. 4.3.3 Installation and maintenance 4.3.3.1 Piping considerations Ensure that piping is large enough so that pressure losses or turbulent f

49、low in the system do not affect the test procedures or measurement conditions. Design for a recommended velocity of 2,5 m/s. If a centrifugal pump is selected, the intake should be straight into the pump with no changes in diameter and it should be carefully checked for air suction leaks. The net positive suction head available (NPSHa) should be at least 2 m greater than the net positive suction head required (NPSHr). All return flows should be discharged below the free water surface to reduce the potential of introducing en