ISO TR 17671-1-2002 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 1 General guidance for arc welding《焊接 金属材料焊接的推荐 第1部分 电弧焊接通用指南》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-1 First edition 2002-02-01 Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 1: General guidance for arc welding Soudage Recommandations pour le soudage des matriaux mtalliques Partie 1: Lignes directrices gn

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5、ral Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO a

6、t the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All

7、 rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 References .1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 5 Provision of quality requirements .3 6 Storage and handling of parent materials.3 7 Fusion welding processes4 8 Welding consumables.4 9 Equipment 5 10

8、 Fabrication .5 11 Preparation of joint6 12 Assembly for welding6 13 Preheat and interpass temperature .6 14 Tack welds6 15 Temporary attachments7 16 Run-on and run-off plates.7 17 Arcing7 18 Inter-run cleaning and treatment .7 19 Heat input .8 20 Welding procedures 8 21 Traceability.8 22 Peening.8

9、23 Inspection and testing.9 24 Quality requirements.9 25 Correction of non-conformity.9 26 Distortion9 27 Post-weld heat treatment9 28 Post-weld cleaning 9 Annex A Information to be supplied prior to the start of fabrication and to be defined in the design specification.10 ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) iv

10、ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intereste

11、d in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Com

12、mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the techni

13、cal committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally

14、published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considere

15、d to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/TR 17671 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 17671-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO

16、/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding. ISO/TR 17671 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding Part 2: Arc w

17、elding of ferritic steels Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO/TR 17671 is being issued in several parts in order that it may be extended to cover the different types of met

18、allic materials which will be produced to all International Standards for weldable metallic materials. This part of ISO/TR 17671 gives general guidance for the satisfactory production and control of welding, and details some of the possible detrimental phenomena which may occur, with advice on metho

19、ds by which they may be avoided. It is generally applicable to fusion welding of metallic materials and is appropriate regardless of the type of fabrication involved, although the application standard or design specification can have additional requirements. More information is contained in other pa

20、rts of ISO/TR 17671. Permissible design stresses in welds, methods of testing and acceptance levels are not included because they depend on the service conditions of the fabrication. These details should be obtained from the relevant application standard or design specification. It has been assumed

21、in the drafting of this part of ISO/TR 17671 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified, trained and experienced personnel. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 1: Genera

22、l guidance for arc welding 1 Scope This part of ISO/TR 17671 gives general guidance for fusion welding of metallic materials in all forms of product (e.g. cast, wrought, extruded, forged). The processes and techniques referred to in this part of ISO/TR 17671 may not all be applicable to all material

23、s. Additional information relevant to specific materials is given in the relevant parts of ISO/TR 17671. 2 References ISO 2553, Welded, brazed and soldered joints Symbolic representation on drawings ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for welding Fusion welding of metallic materials Part 1: Guidelines

24、for selection and use ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for welding Fusion welding of metallic materials Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for welding Fusion welding of metallic materials Part 3: Standards quality requirements ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements

25、 for welding Fusion welding of metallic materials Part 4: Elementary quality requirements ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers ISO 9606-1, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 1: Steels ISO 9606-2, Approval testing of welders Fusion weldin

26、g Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys ISO 9606-3, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 3: Copper and copper alloys ISO 9606-4, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 4: Nickel and nickel alloys ISO 9606-5, Approval testing of welders Fusion welding Part 5: Titanium and titaniu

27、m alloys, zirconium and zirconium alloys ISO 9956-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 2: Welding procedure specification for arc welding ISO 13916, Welding Guidance for the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenanc

28、e temperature ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reservedISO 14175, Welding consumables Shielding gases for arc welding and cutting ISO 14732, Welding personnel Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and for resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic weldi

29、ng of metallic materials 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO/TR 17671, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 arc welding current I current passing through the electrode 3.2 arc voltage U electrical potential between contact tip or electrode holder and workpiece 3.3

30、interpass temperature T i temperature in a multi-run weld and adjacent parent metal immediately prior to the application of the next run 3.4 heat input Q energy introduced into the weld region during welding per unit run length 3.5 preheat temperature T ptemperature of the workpiece in the weld zone

31、 immediately prior to any welding operation 3.6 thermal efficiency k ratio of heat energy introduced into the weld to the electrical energy consumed by the arc 3.7 welding speed v travel speed of the weld pool 3.8 detrimental effect imperfections and other harmful influences in the welded area 3.9 r

32、un-on plate piece of metal so placed as to enable the full section of weld metal to be obtained at the beginning of a joint 3.10 run-off plate piece of metal so placed as to enable the full section of weld metal to be maintained up to the end of a joint ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights res

33、erved 33.11 wire feed rate w f length of wire consumed per unit time 3.12 welding consumables materials consumed in the making of a weld, including filler metals, fluxes and gases 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms See Table 1. Table 1 Symbols of the terms used Abbreviations and symbols Term Unit I Arc

34、 welding current A k Thermal efficiency factor 1 l Length of a run mm Q Heat input kJ/mm d Material thickness mm T i Interpass temperature C T p Preheat temperature C U Arc voltage V v Welding speed mm/s w f Wire feed rate mm/min or m/min WPS Welding procedure specification 5 Provision of quality re

35、quirements The contract gives the information necessary for the execution of the welding. If the manufacturer chooses to have a quality system, the information should be in accordance with the appropriate part of ISO 3834 (see annex A for further information). 6 Storage and handling of parent materi

36、als Storage and handling is carried out so that the parent material is not adversely affected. ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved7 Fusion welding processes This part of ISO/TR 17671 covers welds made by one of the following welding processes in accordance with ISO 4063 or by a com

37、bination of those processes: 111 manual metal-arc welding with covered electrode; 114 flux-cored wire metal-arc welding without gas shield; 12 submerged arc welding; 131 metal-arc inert gas welding; MIG welding; 135 metal-arc active gas welding; MAG welding; 136 flux-cored wire metal-arc welding wit

38、h active gas shield; 137 flux-cored wire metal-arc welding with inert gas shield; 138 metal-cored wire metal-arc welding with active gas shield; 139 metal-cored wire metal-arc welding with inert gas shield; 141 tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG welding; 15 plasma arc welding; other fusion welding

39、processes by agreement. 8 Welding consumables 8.1 General Welding consumables should be designated in accordance with the relevant International Standard. Consumables are selected with regard to the particular application, e.g. joint design, welding position and the properties required to meet the s

40、ervice conditions. Any special recommendations given by the manufacturer/supplier should be observed. In some cases it may be possible to weld without the addition of filler metal. 8.2 Supply, storage and handling All consumables should be stored and handled with care and in accordance with the rele

41、vant standards and/or the manufacturers/suppliers recommendations. Covered electrodes, wire electrodes, rods and fluxes, etc., as well as their packaging, that show signs of damage or deterioration should not be used. Examples of damage or deterioration are cracked or flaked coatings on covered elec

42、trodes, rusty or dirty wire electrodes and wire with flaked or damaged protective coatings. Consumables returned to the stores should be treated in accordance with the manufacturers/suppliers recommendations before re-issue. ISO/TR 17671-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 59 Equipment The manufa

43、cturer carrying out the fabrication is responsible for ensuring that the capacity of the welding plant and ancillary equipment is adequate for the welding procedure to be used. The welding plant should be regularly checked and maintained. All electrical plant used in connection with the welding oper

44、ation should be adequately earthed. The welding return cable from the workpiece should be of adequate cross-section, connected as close as possible to the point of welding. Means of measuring the welding parameters should be available, either as part of the welding equipment, or by the provision of

45、portable instruments. Such parameters may include arc voltage, welding current, wire feed rate, welding speed, shielding/purging gas flow rates and temperature of parent/weld metal. 10 Fabrication 10.1 General Fabrication facilities should be protected from adverse weather, e.g. wind, rain, snow, dr

46、aughts, etc. and should be kept dry. Facilities should be suitable for the work and adequate precautions be taken to ensure that contamination from other materials does not occur. Surfaces should be dry and free from condensation and any other material that would adversely affect the quality of the

47、welds. If necessary, forming tools, welding fixtures, clamps or manipulators should be cleaned before use. When using gas-shielded welding processes, the weld zone should be protected from the effects of draughts or other air movements. Air currents even at low speed can remove the shielding gas and

48、 therefore welding zones should be protected. When inert gas backing is necessary to prevent oxidation of the reverse side of a weld, purging using a suitable gas supply in accordance with ISO 14175 should be carried out. 10.2 Butt weld The details of all butt welds, e.g. type of joint (which may in

49、clude partial penetration joints), included angle and root gap between parts, should be arranged to permit the use of a satisfactory welding technique and the combination of weld detail and welding technique should be such that the resultant joint will comply with the requirements of the design. The ends of butt joints should be welded to provide the full weld thickness. This may be achieved by the use of run-off and/or run-on plates. The material for the permanen