ISO TR 17671-2-2002 Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2 Arc welding of ferritic steels《焊接 金属材料焊接的推荐 第2部分 铁素体钢的电弧焊接》.pdf

1、 Reference number ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-2 First edition 2002-02-01 Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels Soudage Recommandations pour le soudage des matriaux mtalliques Partie 2: Soudage larc des aciers

2、 ferritiques ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the

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5、t at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address

6、below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserv

7、ed iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 References .1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 5 Parent metal .3 6 Weldability factors.3 7 Handling of welding consumables 3 8 Weld details4 9 Welds in holes or slots4 10 Preparation of joint face4 11 Alignment of

8、 butt welds before welding .5 12 Preheating 5 13 Tack welds5 14 Temporary attachments6 15 Heat input .6 16 Welding procedure specification .6 17 Identification 6 18 Inspection and testing.6 19 Correction of non-conforming welds 7 20 Correction of distortion.7 21 Post-weld heat treatment7 Annex A Avo

9、idance of hydrogen cracking (also known as cold cracking).8 Annex B Guidance on joint detail design (when there is no application standard) .32 Annex C Possible detrimental phenomena resulting from welding of steels, not covered by other annexes 34 Annex D Heat affected zone toughness and hardness .

10、35 Annex E Avoidance of solidification cracking42 Annex F Avoidance of lamellar tearing .44 Bibliography50 ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies

11、). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and no

12、n-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par

13、t 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting

14、 a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical R

15、eport. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/TR 17671 may be the subject of patent rights. IS

16、O shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 17671-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding. ISO/TR 17671 consists of the following parts, unde

17、r the general title Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights rese

18、rved vIntroduction This part of ISO/TR 17671 supplements part 1. It is issued with several annexes in order that it can be extended to cover the different types of steel which are produced to all the International steel standards for ferritic steels (see clause 5). This part of ISO/TR 17671 gives ge

19、neral guidance for the satisfactory production and control of welds in ferritic steels. Details concerning the possible detrimental phenomena which can occur are given with advice on methods by which they can be avoided. This part of ISO/TR 17671 is generally applicable to all ferritic steels and is

20、 appropriate regardless of the type of fabrication involved, although the application standard can have additional requirements. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels 1 Sc

21、ope This part of IS/TR 17671 gives guidance for manual, semi-mechanized, mechanized and automatic arc welding of ferritic steels (see clause 5), excluding ferritic stainless steels, in all product forms. 2 References ISO 9692-1, Welding and allied processes Recommendations for joint preparation Part

22、 1: Manual metal-arc welding, gas-shielded metal-arc welding and gas welding of steels ISO 9956-2, Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 2: Welding procedure specification for arc welding ISO 13916, Welding Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature,

23、 interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature ISO/TR 15608:2000, Welding Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system ISO/TR 17671-1:, Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 1: General guidance for arc welding 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of thi

24、s part of ISO/TR 17671, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 17671-1 and the following apply. 3.1 cooling time t 8/5time taken, during cooling, for a weld run and its heat affected zone to pass through the temperature range from 800 C to 500 C 3.2 run out length length of a run produced by the

25、melting of a covered electrode 3.3 run out ratio R rratio of the run out length to the length of electrode consumed ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved3.4 shape factor F xinfluence of the form of a weld on the cooling time, t 8/5NOTE In the case of two-dimensional heat flow it is c

26、alled F 2and in the case of three-dimensional heat flow it is called F 3 . 3.5 three-dimensional heat flow heat introduced during welding, which flows parallel and perpendicular to the plate surface 3.6 transition thickness d tplate thickness at which the transition from three-dimensional to two-dim

27、ensional heat flow takes place 3.7 two-dimensional heat flow heat introduced during welding, which flows only parallel to the plate surface 3.8 preheat maintenance temperature T mminimum temperature in the weld zone, which should be maintained if welding is interrupted 4 Symbols and abbreviated term

28、s 4.1 Symbols See Table 1. Table 1 Symbols of the terms used Symbol Term Unit c Specific heat capacity J/kg . K d Thickness of plate mm d t Transition thickness mm D Diameter mm F 2 Shape factor for two-dimensional heat flow 1 F 3 Shape factor for three-dimensional heat flow 1 Q Heat input kJ/mm R r

29、 Run out ratio 1 t 8/5 Cooling time (from 800 C to 500 C) s t Melting time of an electrode s T i Interpass temperature C T m Preheat maintenance temperature C T o Initial plate temperature C T pPreheat temperature C T tImpact transition temperature C Thermal conductivity J/cm . K . s Density kg/m 3

30、ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 34.2 Abbreviations CE Carbon equivalent (see A.2.1), expressed as a percentage CET Carbon equivalent (see A.3.2), expressed as a percentage HAZ Heat affected zone HD Diffusable hydrogen content in millilitres per 100 g of deposited weld metal UCS U

31、nit of crack susceptibility 5 Parent metal This part of ISO/TR applies to ferritic steels excluding ferritic stainless steels. This includes steels referenced in groups 1 to 7 of ISO/TR 15608:2000. When ordering steel it may be necessary to specify requirements concerning weldability, which can invo

32、lve specifying additional requirements to those given in the relevant steel standard. 6 Weldability factors The properties and the quality of welds are particularly influenced by the welding conditions. Thus, the following factors should be taken into consideration: joint design; hydrogen-induced cr

33、acking; toughness and hardness of the heat affected zone (HAZ); solidification cracking; lamellar tearing; corrosion. The mechanical and technological properties, in particular the hardness and toughness of the heat affected zone in a narrowly delineated area, can be influenced to a greater or lesse

34、r degree, compared with the properties of the parent metal and depend on the welding conditions. Experience and tests indicate that, not only the properties of the narrow affected zone of lower strength and better flexibility, but also the load distribution effect of the tougher adjacent zones shoul

35、d be taken into account when assessing the ductility and safety against fracture of welded joints as this could affect the choice of steel. 7 Handling of welding consumables When special protection or other treatment during storage or immediately prior to use is recommended by the consumables manufa

36、cturer, these consumables should be treated in accordance with the conditions detailed by the manufacturer. When drying or baking, consumables should be removed from their original containers. After removal from the oven, the consumables should be protected from exposure to conditions conducive to m

37、oisture absorption. In the case of welding consumables that have been specially packaged, e.g. using vacuum or other moisture-resistance means, advice from the consumables manufacturer should be sought as to further steps required for drying and baking. If controlled hydrogen levels are required, it

38、 is recommended that welders be issued with electrodes in heated quivers or sealed containers. Drying ovens, e.g. for welding consumables, should be provided with a means of measuring the oven temperature. ISO/TR 17671-2:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved8 Weld details 8.1 Butt welds Butt joints

39、 between parts of unequal cross-section should be made and subsequently shaped such that a severe stress concentration at the junction is avoided. Some examples of joint preparations for use with metal-arc welding with covered electrodes and gas-shielded metal-arc welding are given in ISO 9692-1. Pa

40、rtial penetration butt joints may be permitted dependant on the design specification. Consideration should be given to the choice of weld preparation and welding consumables in order to achieve the specified throat thickness. Under fatigue conditions, partial penetration joints or the use of permane

41、nt backing material may be undesirable. Backing material may consist of another steel part of the structure when this is appropriate. When it is not appropriate to use part of the structure as backing material, the material to be used should be such that detrimental effects on the structure are avoi

42、ded and should also be agreed in the design specification. Care should be taken when using copper as a backing material as there is a risk of copper pick-up in the weld metal. Where temporary or permanent backing material is used, the joint should be arranged in such a way as to ensure that complete

43、 fusion of the parts to be joined is readily achieved. Wherever the fabrication sequence allows, tack welds, attaching permanent backing should be positioned for subsequent incorporation into the weld (see clause 14 of ISO/TR 17671-1:). 8.2 Fillet welds Unless otherwise specified, the edges and surf

44、aces to be joined by fillet welding should be in as close contact as possible since any gap may increase the risk of cracking. Unless otherwise specified, the gap should not exceed 3 mm. Consideration should be given to the need to increase the throat of the fillet weld to compensate for a large gap

45、. Unless otherwise specified, welding should not start/stop near corners, instead, it should be continued around the corners. 9 Welds in holes or slots Due to the risk of cracking, holes or slots should not be filled with weld metal unless required by the design specification. Holes or slots that ar

46、e required to be filled with weld metal shall only be filled after the first run has been found to be acceptable (see also B.4). 10 Preparation of joint face 10.1 General Any large notches or any other errors in joint geometry which might occur should be corrected by applying a weld deposit accordin

47、g to an approved welding procedure. Subsequently, they should be ground smooth and flush with the adjacent surface to produce an acceptable finish. Prefabrication primers (shop primers) may be left on the joint faces provided that it is demonstrated that they do not adversely affect the welding. ISO

48、/TR 17671-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 510.2 Fusion faces When shearing is used, the effect of work hardening should be taken into account and precautions should be taken to ensure that there is no cracking of the edges. Single- and double-U and single-J weld preparations usually have to b

49、e machined. In assessing the methods of preparation and type of joint, the requirements of the chosen welding process should be taken into account. 10.3 Unwelded faces Where a cut edge is not a fusion face, the effect of embrittlement from shearing, thermal cutting or gouging should not be such as to adversely affect the workpiece. Local hardening can be reduced by suitable thermal treatment or removed by mechanical treatment. The removal of 1 mm to 2 mm from a cut face normally