ISO TR 22100-1-2015 Safety of machinery - Relationship with ISO 12100 - Part 1 How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards《机械的安全性 与ISO 12100的相关性 第1部分 I.pdf

1、 ISO 2015 Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100 Part 1: How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards Scurit des machines Relation avec lISO 12100 Partie 1: Relation entre lISO 12100 et les normes de type B et type C TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22100-1 Reference number ISO/TR 22100-1:20

2、15(E) First edition 2015-05-15 ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, elect

3、ronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vern

4、ier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards 2 5 System of type-A, ty

5、pe-B and type-C standards 2 5.1 Type-A standard (ISO 12100) 2 5.2 Type-B standards 6 5.2.1 General 6 5.2.2 Type-B1 standards . 6 5.2.3 Type-B2 standards . 6 5.3 Type-C standards 6 5.3.1 General 6 5.3.2 Content provided by type-C standards . 7 5.3.3 Deviations in a type-C standard from a type-B stand

6、ard 7 6 Practical application of ISO 12100, type-B and type-C standards in order to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction 7 6.1 General . 7 6.2 Application of an appropriate type-C standard 8 6.2.1 General 8 6.2.2 Steps to be followed 9 7 Navigating appropr

7、iate type-B machinery safety standards 10 Annex A (informative) Iterative process of risk assessment and risk reduction 12 Annex B (informative) Types of documents .13 Bibliography .14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization

8、for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has t

9、he right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The pro

10、cedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editor

11、ial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent right

12、s identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an expl

13、anation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this doc

14、ument is ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery. ISO/TR 22100 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO 12100: Part 1: How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards Part 2: How ISO 12100 relates to ISO 13849-1 The following parts are under pre

15、paration: Part 3: Implementation of ergonomic principles in safety standardsiv ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) Introduction This Technical Report is written to assist the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components in understanding and navigating the different types

16、 of ISO machinery safety standards. It identifies the different kinds of documents in ISO (see Table B.1) and explains the type-A, type-B and type-C structure of machinery safety standards and their interrelationship with regard to the practical design of machinery subjected to adequate risk reducti

17、on to achieve tolerable risk. This part of ISO/TR 22100 might be helpful for standard writing committees (type-B and type-C), too. However, it does not provide specification of the general content that is expected to be included in the different types of machinery safety standards. This specificatio

18、n is given in ISO Guide 78. This part of ISO/TR 22100 includes a visual representation of many ISO machinery safety standards to assist in improving understanding of the interrelationships and linkages between these documents. ISO 2015 All rights reserved v Safety of machinery Relationship with ISO

19、12100 Part 1: How ISO 12100 relates to type-B and type-C standards 1 Scope This part of ISO/TR 22100 provides assistance to the designer/manufacturer of machinery and related components as to how the system of existing t y pe-A, t y pe-B and t y pe-C machiner y safet y standards should be applied in

20、 order to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk by adequate risk reduction. It explains the general principles of ISO 12100 and how this type-A standard should be used for practical cases in conjunction with type-B and type-C machinery safety standards. This part of ISO/TR 22100 prov

21、ides assistance to standards writing committees on how ISO 12100 and type-B and type-C standards relate and explains their function in the risk assessment and risk reduction process according to ISO 12100. It includes an overview of existing categories of type-B standards to assist standards readers

22、 and writers to navigate the many standards. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

23、 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and the following apply. 3.1 ad

24、equate risk reduction risk reduction that is at least in accordance with legal requirements, taking into consideration the current state of the art SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.18, modified Note 1 to entry not taken over. 3.2 tolerable risk level of risk that is accepted in a given context based on the

25、 current values of society Note 1 to entry: The terms “acceptable risk” and “tolerable risk” are considered to be synonymous. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.15, modified Wording “For the purpose of this Guide” deleted from Note 1 to entry. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All right

26、s reserved 1 ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) 4 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards Standards on safety of machinery have the following structure: type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to machin

27、ery; type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery; type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. As shown in

28、 Figure 1, ISO 12100 is the type-A standard specifying the general principles for safety of machinery and applies to all machinery. C B e.g. ISO 13857, ISO 14122 ISO 12100 A Figure 1 General structure of the system of machinery safety standards 5 System of type-A, type-B and type-C standards 5.1 Typ

29、e-A standard (ISO 12100) The type-A standard ISO 12100 specifies the principle strategy for safety of machinery. Risk assessment and adequate risk reduction by an iterative three-step method are the imperative measures to design a machine to achieve a level of tolerable risk. To implement risk asses

30、sment and risk reduction, the following actions should be taken by the designer in the order given (see Figure 2): a) determine the limits of the machinery, which includes the intended use and any reasonably foreseeable misuse thereof; b) identify the hazards and associated hazardous situations; c)

31、estimate the risk for each identified hazard and hazardous situation; d) evaluate the risk and decision whether a risk reduction is needed or not; e) eliminate the hazard or reduction of the risk associated with the hazard by means of protective measures/risk reduction measures. NOTE 1 For the purpo

32、ses of this Technical Report, the terms “protective measure” (see ISO 12100:2010, 3.19) and “risk reduction measure” are synonymous and referred to any action or means used to eliminate hazards and/or reduce risks.2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) Actions a) to d) are related to

33、risk assessment and action e) to risk reduction. Risk assessment is a series of logical steps to enable, in a systematic way, the identification of hazards as well as the estimation and evaluation of the risks associated with machinery. As a result of the risk assessment, the hazards requiring risk

34、reduction are determined. Iteration of the process of risk assessment can be necessary to eliminate newly generated hazards as far as reasonably practicable or to adequately reduce associated risks by the implementation of protective measures/risk reduction measures in order to achieve tolerable ris

35、k. Protective measures/risk reduction measures are the combination of the measures implemented by the designer and the user in accordance with Figure 3. Measures which can be incorporated at the design stage are preferable to those implemented by the user and usually prove more effective. The object

36、ive to be met is the greatest practicable risk reduction. The strategy defined in this clause is represented by the flowchart in Figure 2. The process itself is iterative and several successive applications can be necessary to reduce the risk, making the best use of available technology. In carrying

37、 out this process, it is necessary to take into account these four factors, in the following order of preference: the safety of the machine during all the phases of its life cycle; the ability of the machine to perform its function; the usability of the machine; the manufacturing, operational and di

38、smantling costs of the machine. NOTE 2 The ideal application of these principles requires knowledge of the machine design and its intended use, the practical use of the machine, the accident history and health records, available risk reduction techniques, and the legal framework in which the machine

39、 is intended to be used (placed on the market). ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) Key a The first time the question is asked, it is answered by the result of the initial risk assessment. For further information, see Figure A.1. Figure 2 Schematic representation of risk assessment

40、 and risk reduction process including iterative three-step method according to ISO 12100:2010, Figure 14 ISO 2015 All rights reserved ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) warning signs, signals warning devices y O z w w y U q T ,. K R y R Key a Providing proper information for use is part of the designers contrib

41、ution to risk reduction, but the protective measures concerned are only effective when implemented by the user. b The user input is that information received by the designer from either the user community regarding the intended use of the machine in general or that which is received from a specific

42、user. c There is no hierarchy between the various protective measures implemented by the user. These protective measures are outside the scope of this part of ISO/TR 22100. d Those protective measures required due to specific process(es) not envisaged in the intended use of the machine or to specifi

43、c conditions for installation that cannot be controlled by the designer. Figure 3 Risk reduction process from point of view of designer (see also ISO 12100:2010, Figure 2) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 5 ISO/TR 22100-1:2015(E) 5.2 Type-B standards 5.2.1 General According to ISO 12100, type-B standard

44、s deal either with one safety aspect (type-B1 standard) or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery (type-B2 standard). Type-B standards are intended to support the principle strategy from ISO 12100 in order to help determine if a hazard exists, for example, ISO 13857,

45、 Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent access to hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs, and provide concrete information/measures to perform risk reduction, for example, ISO 14120, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and mo

46、vable guards . 5.2.2 Type-B1 standards Type-B1 standards deal with particular safety aspects (for example, safety distances, surface temperature, noise) and define by data and/or methodology how these can be addressed. Type-B1 standards can be used directly by the designer/manufacturer or by referen

47、ce in (a) type C standard(s), including, where relevant, means of verification. 5.2.3 Type-B2 standards Type-B2 standards provide the performance requirements for the design and construction of particular safeguards (for example, two-hand control devices, interlocking devices, pressure-sensitive protective devices, guards). Type-B