1、 ISO 2017 Energy performance of buildings - External climatic conditions Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO 52010-1 Performance nergtique des btiments Conditions climatiques extrieures Partie 2: Explication et justification de lISO 52010-1 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 52010-2 Reference number I
2、SO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) First edition 2017-06 ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
3、 means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401
4、 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and subscripts . 1 5 Description of the methods . 1 5.1 Output of
5、the method 1 5.2 General description of the method 2 5.2.1 Calculation of the distribution of solar irradiance on a non-horizontal plane . 2 5.2.2 Calculation of solar shading by distant objects . 3 6 Calculation method 4 6.1 Output data 4 6.2 Calculation time intervals 4 6.3 Input data 4 6.4 Calcul
6、ation procedure . 4 6.4.1 Calculation of the sun path 4 6.4.2 Split between direct and diffuse solar irradiance . 4 6.4.3 Solar reflectivity of the ground 4 6.4.4 Calculation of the total solar irradiance at given orientation and tilt angle . 4 6.4.5 Calculation of shading by external objects 5 6.4.
7、6 Calculation of illuminance . 5 7 Quality control 5 8 Compliance check 5 9 Directional (spatial) distribution of hourly solar irradiation or illumination (not covered in ISO 52010-1) . 5 9.1 General . 5 9.2 Tregenza elements . 6 9.3 Allocation of the radiation in each element . 6 9.4 Plane at certa
8、in orientation and tilt 7 9.5 References . 9 10 Worked out examples 9 10.1 Method calculation of the total solar irradiation at given orientation and tilt angle . 9 10.2 Calculation of shading by external objects . 9 11 Validation . 9 12 Information on the accompanying spreadsheet .12 Annex A (infor
9、mative) Input and method selection data sheet Template.13 Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet Default choices 14 Annex C (informative) Calculation examples on the solar irradiation at given orientation and tilt angle 15 Annex D (informative) Calculation examples on the effect
10、 of solar shading .20 Bibliography .23 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
11、normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
12、in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particula
13、r the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of th
14、is document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www
15、 .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as
16、 information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. ISO/TR 52010-2 was prepared by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the bui
17、lt environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienn
18、a Agreement). A list of all parts in the ISO 52010 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) Introduction The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in te
19、rminology, approach, input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and tools are available: a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the se
20、t of EPB standards 1 ; b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB- standards 2 ; The detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools: 1) a common
21、 template for each EPB standard, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses; 2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses; 3) a common template f
22、or the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB (calculation) standard, to demonstrate the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures. Each EPB standard follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the overarching EPB standard, ISO 52000-13 . One of the main purposes
23、of the revision of the EPB standards has been to enable that laws and regulations directly refer to the EPB standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the set of EPB standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy performance procedu
24、res. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided (Annex B). Rationale behi
25、nd the EPB technical reports There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the background and context to their contents and the thinking behind them is explained in some detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informati
26、ve contents are recorded and made available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB standards. If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards ar
27、e implemented or referenced in national or regional building codes. Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative contents (see CEN/TS 16629 2 ):
28、 to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content, to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards. This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project 10that laid the foundation
29、for the preparation of the set of EPB standards. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) This document This document accompanies ISO 52010-1, which forms part of the set of EPB standards. The role and the positioning of the accompanied standard in the set of EPB standards is defined in
30、 the Introduction to ISO 52010-1. Brief articles on the subject can be found in 27and 28 . ISO 52010-1 provides the common standard climatic data to be used as input by all EPB standards. It builds on ISO 15927-1, ISO 15927-2 and ISO 15927-4 and completes a missing link: the calculation of the distr
31、ibution of solar irradiation and illuminance on a non-horizontal plane based on measured hourly solar radiation data on a horizontal surface; with or without taking into account solar shading. Typical inputs for ISO 52010-1 are the hourly values for diffuse horizontal and direct beam solar irradiati
32、on. However, these quantities are not necessarily directly measured. In many cases, only the global horizontal irradiation is available as measured parameter, and the two components need to be calculated with a model. There are alternative models provided, open for choice at national or regional lev
33、el. For ground reflectivity often a constant value of, e.g., 0,2 is used. However, the value depends greatly on the surface conditions, and the influence on the irradiation is not negligible. Therefore, the option of providing hourly values is included. This may be especially of importance for mount
34、ain regions or for high latitudes. For the solar shading calculation, the height and distance of each shading object are given per sector of the horizon (360 degrees). The subdivision into sectors (small or large) is open for national or regional choice. The same solar shading calculation procedure
35、is adopted in ISO 52016-15for the calculation of the building energy needs and loads. This is especially important because if there are different shading objects in the same sector, it will not be correct to calculate the effects separately in different standards. It is up to national or regional ch
36、oice to decide about the details of the solar shading calculations. Accompanying spreadsheet In line with the common template for all EPB standards, a spreadsheet has been prepared for demonstration and validation. This spreadsheet shows an overview of all input variables, the (step by step) hourly
37、calculation procedures and an overview of all output variables. This accompanying calculation spreadsheet (July 2016) provides: full year of hourly calculations of solar irradiance (split in components) on plane with any azimuth and tilt angle; validated against BESTEST cases; hourly calculations of
38、 solar shading by multiple shading objects along the skyline. These calculations also cover the calculation procedures for overhangs from ISO 52016-1 5 . This spreadsheet (including possible updated version) is available at www .epb .center. vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 52
39、010-2:2017(E) Energy performance of buildings - External climatic conditions Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO 52010-1 1 Scope This document contains information to support the correct understanding and use of ISO 52010-1. This document does not contain any normative provision. 2 Normativ
40、e references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend
41、ments) applies. ISO/ 52010-1:2010, Energy performance of buildings External climatic conditions Part 1: Conversion of climatic data for energy calculations NOTE More information on the use of EPB module numbers, in all EPB standards, for normative references to other EPB standards is given in ISO/TR
42、 52000-2 4 . 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52010-1, apply. More information on some key EPB terms and definitions is given in ISO/TR 52000-24 . ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the followin
43、g addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 4 Symbols and subscripts For the purposes of this document, the symbols and subscripts given in ISO 52010-1, apply. More information on key EPB symb
44、ols and subscripts is given in ISO/TR 52000-2 4 . 5 Description of the methods 5.1 Output of the method Beside solar radiation data, ISO 52010-1 also contains data regarding air temperature; atmospheric humidity; ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) wind speed; wind direction; longw
45、ave radiation. The definitions and data are obtained from the ISO 15927 series regarding hygrothermal performance of buildings ( 7 , 8 ). The reason for passing these data via this standard is to have one single and consistent source for all EPB standards and to enable any treatment if needed for sp
46、ecific application. The above mentioned climatic data are not processed in this standard. 5.2 General description of the method 5.2.1 Calculation of the distribution of solar irradiance on a non-horizontal plane It is (Torres 2006 20 ,) of paramount importance for HVAC (heating, ventilating and air
47、conditioning) and photovoltaic systems designers to have suitable models requiring usually available data in order to calculate the irradiance on the plane where conversion systems are located. From all the models developed to fulfil this objective, the one of conversion or translation proposed by P
48、erez et al. (1986) has been widely used, as it considers all sky conditions ranging from completely covered to clear sky (Pohlen et al., 1996 17 ). Essentially, the model is composed of three different components: 1) a geometric representation of the sky dome, 2) a parametric representation of the i
49、nsolation conditions, and 3) a statistic component linking both components mentioned before (Perez et al., 1987 15 ). It is a model of anisotropic sky, where the sky dome is geometrically divided into three areas, each of them showing a constant radiance, different from the other two (see Figure 1). These three areas are: isotropic diffuse (for the sky hemisphere); circumsolar radiation; horizon brightness.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 52010-2:2017(E) Key a ci
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