EN 1177-2018 Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Methods of test for determination of impact attenuation.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Methods of test for determination of impact attenuationBS EN 1177:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1177 January 2018 ICS 97.200.40 Supersedes EN 1177:200

2、8English Version Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Methods of test for determination of impact attenuation Sols daires de jeux absorbant limpact - Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de lattnuation de limpact Stodmpfende Spielplatzbden - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Stodmpfung This Europe

3、an Standard was approved by CEN on 29 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references con

4、cerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member i

5、nto its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,

6、 Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCH

7、ES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1177:2018 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1177:2

8、018. It supersedes BS EN 1177:2008, which is withdrawn.Additional procedures for testing the impact attenuation (absorbency) of playground surfacing on-site have been introduced into EN 1177:2018 to reflect the national variations in surfacing provision across Europe.BS EN 1176-1:2017 provides the r

9、equirements associated with the test procedures described in this standard.The UK committee SW/65, Childrens playground equipment, has provided a National Annex NA within BS EN 1176-1:2017 to comply with the requirements of BS EN 1176-1:2017, Clause 5.2. This National Annex contains the UK requireme

10、nts to be used instead of Annex H of BS EN 11761:2017. These reflect current UK practice that has been proved over the lifetime of the current standard to be reasonable and proportionate.Testing or confirmation of the surface impact attenuating properties, after installation, is not a requirement of

11、 this UK National Annex.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/65, Childrens playground equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

12、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 93108 6ICS 97.200.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was pub

13、lished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1177:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1177 January 2018 ICS 97.200.40 Supersedes EN 1177:2008Engl

14、ish Version Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Methods of test for determination of impact attenuation Sols daires de jeux absorbant limpact - Mthodes dessai pour la dtermination de lattnuation de limpact Stodmpfende Spielplatzbden - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Stodmpfung This European St

15、andard was approved by CEN on 29 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerni

16、ng such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into i

17、ts own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germ

18、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KO

19、MITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1177:2018 EBS EN 1177:2018EN 1177:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introductio

20、n 6 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Test apparatus 9 4.1 Suitability . 9 4.2 Components of the apparatus 10 4.3 Accuracy of apparatus 12 4.3.1 Calibration by a laboratory 12 4.3.2 Checks by operators 12 5 Testing procedure 13 5.1 Principle of impact measurement 13 5.

21、2 Selection and definition of test positions 14 6 Test Method 1 Determination of Critical Fall Height (CFH) 15 6.1 Principle 15 6.2 Testing in the laboratory . 15 6.3 Testing on site . 17 7 Test Method 2 Determination of Impact Attenuation on site . 18 7.1 Principle 18 7.2 Selection and recording of

22、 test positions 18 7.3 Carrying out the test 19 7.4 Results 19 8 Reports . 19 8.1 General . 19 8.2 Tests carried out in the laboratory with Method 1 19 8.3 Tests carried out on site in accordance with Method 1 20 8.4 Tests carried out on site in accordance with Method 2 21 Annex A (informative) Test

23、 rig for determination of impact attenuation 22 Annex B (informative) Typical examples of trace of acceleration against time and curve of HIC and gmaxvalues against drop height . 23 Annex C (informative) Verification of computer algorithm used for the calculation of HIC (see 4.3.1.4) 25 Annex D (nor

24、mative) Procedure for selection of test positions in playgrounds for Method 2 (see Clause 7) . 26 D.1 Principle 26 D.2 Criteria for selection of test zones (3.12) 26 BS EN 1177:2018EN 1177:2018 (E) 3 Annex E (normative) Method for compaction of loose particulate impact attenuating material (see 6.2.

25、4.5.1) . 31 E.1 General . 31 E.2 Measurement of layer thickness . 31 E.3 Compaction procedure . 31 Annex F (informative) Example of a regime for checking the function of an HIC test apparatus . 33 BS EN 1177:2018EN 1177:2018 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 1177:2018) has been prepared by T

26、echnical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 20

27、18, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document s

28、upersedes EN 1177:2008. European standards for playground equipment and surfacing comprise this European Standard and the EN 1176 series, which consists of a number of parts as follows: Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods Part 2: Additional specific safety requirements and test meth

29、ods for swings Part 3: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for slides Part 4: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for cableways Part 5: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for carousels Part 6: Additional specific safety requirements and

30、 test methods for rocking equipment Part 7: Guidance on installation, inspection, maintenance and operation Part 10: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for fully enclosed play equipment Part 11: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for spatial network This s

31、tandard should also be read in conjunction with: EN 1176:2017 series CEN/TR 16467:2013, Playground equipment accessible for all children CEN/TR 16598:2014, Collection of rationales for EN 1176 - Requirements CEN/TR 16396:2012, Playground equipment for children, replies to requests for interpretation

32、 of EN 1176:2008 and its parts For inflatable play equipment, see EN 14960, Inflatable play equipment Safety requirements and test methods. BS EN 1177:2018EN 1177:2018 (E) 5 The principal changes from the previous edition of this European Standard are as follows: a) European foreword: References to

33、CEN/TRs added. b) Introduction: Rationale for retaining HIC 1 000 and introducing gmax200 as upper limits for surfacing when assessed in accordance with this standard has been added. c) Scope: Two methods of impact testing are now provided. Method 1 (as in the previous edition) Test for determinatio

34、n of Critical Fall Height AND new Method 2 Test for measurement of impact attenuation on site to enable, upon installation or at periods later in its life, confirmation as required of suitability of the product for that specific site location at the time of the test. d) Body of standard: 1) change o

35、f the order and adding new clauses by implementation of Method 2; 2) adaption of recent technology for requirements on test apparatus and measurements in order to improve accuracy of results (including checks by operators); 3) adapting Annex B and adding new Annexes C, D, E and F. According to the C

36、EN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung

37、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1177:2018EN 1177:2018 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard is based on the safety prin

38、ciples given in EN 1176-1 for playground equipment and provides a method for the assessment of impact attenuation of surfaces intended for use in the impact area as defined in EN 1176-1. This standard (EN 1177) aims to reduce consequences of experiencing risks that are desirable for child developmen

39、t according to the principles set in EN 1176-1. Injuries arise during the use of playground equipment for a variety of reasons and the great majority are minor. Even the presence of protection features like impact attenuating surfacing is known to affect the behaviour of children, as well as carers

40、and play providers, which in turn can affect the risk. The majority of more serious injuries are attributable to falls and there are many factors that influence injury mechanisms during a fall that are independent of the surfacing, e.g. body orientation, awkwardness of fall, bone density, etc. The m

41、ost severe injuries are likely to be injuries to the head. Recent research has indicated that arm and leg injuries are more frequent and could be influenced by the duration of the acceleration pulse. The committee responsible for this European Standard maintains a constant review of research in this

42、 area for possible use in a future revision of this standard. The committee recognizes that there is a relationship between the risk of arm and leg injuries and surface type but takes the view that such injuries are not usually in the most severe category. At present the available injury data can be

43、 taken into account by limitation of the maximum (peak) acceleration. Consequently, the committee has chosen to make its priority the reduction of the likelihood of serious head injuries caused by a fall from playground equipment, because even though such injuries are relatively uncommon, they can h

44、ave the most severe consequences. The severity of injury resulting from an impact to the head can be quantified in terms of Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and the level of HIC = 1 000 together with the upper limit of the peak acceleration of gmax= 200g ( g for gravity) have been chosen as the upper lim

45、its for surfacing when assessed in accordance with this standard. Limiting the HIC value at a maximum of 1 000 is equivalent to a 3 % chance of a critical head injury (MAIS15), an 18 % probability of a severe (MAIS 4) head injury, a 55 % probability of a serious (MAIS 3) head injury, a 89 % probabil

46、ity of a moderate head injury (MAIS 2), and a 99,5 % chance of a minor head injury (MAIS 1), to an average male adult. Limiting gmaxto a maximum of 200g as well as limiting HIC to a maximum of 1 000 takes account of impacts of very short duration and follows the current research on arm injuries as a

47、 means of improvement to the Standard. Two methods of impact tests are provided. The first method is for determination of the Critical Fall Height to enable full and detailed confirmation of a products range of suitability. The second method describes an on-site drop test, without determination of c

48、ritical fall height to enable, upon installation or at periods later in its life, confirmation as required of the performance of the surfacing in that specific site location at the time of the test. The EN committee is aware of discussions within ASTM International since 2014 about a reduction in th

49、e HIC threshold to 700 in its corresponding standard. The current limiting value of HIC 1 000 has been used in Europe since 1998 and the EN committee considers that at present, there is insufficient evidence of net overall value to playground users to support a change. It has therefore chosen to retain the value HIC 1 000 and to provide a second threshold of 200g as the criteria of acceptability in this standard, whilst continuing to monitor research publications on this subject. The same has been decide