银行系统公开招聘考试英语-11及答案解析.doc

1、银行系统公开招聘考试英语-11 及答案解析(总分：18.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a

2、market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industrial unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was in

3、evitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s, Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer e

4、lectronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas mac

5、hine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for grant

6、ed. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the cause of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings a

7、bout the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt ha

8、s yield to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learned to be more quick-witted.“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our business are improving thei

9、r productivity.“ says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States./（分数：4.00）(1).The U.S. achieved its predominan

10、ce after World War because _.A. it had made painstaking effort towards this goalB. its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC. the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsD. the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(

11、2).The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that American _.A. TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketB. semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesC. machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsD. auto ind

12、ustry had lost part of its domestic market（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can be inferred from the passage?A. It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind prideB. Intense competition may contribute to economic progressC. The revival of economy depends on international cooperationD. A long hist

13、ory of success may pave the way for further development（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _.A. turning of the business cycleB. restructuring of industryC. improved business managementD. success in education（分数：1.00）A

14、.B.C.D.二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawi

15、ng attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four

16、 times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled. and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts

17、 of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sen

18、se not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can t

19、hink of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were

20、 confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television

21、 personality wants.（分数：4.00）(1).By the first sentence of the passage the author means that _.A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB. everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC. advertising costs money like everything elseD. it is worthwhile to spend money on advertisin

22、g（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?A. Securing greater fameB. Providing more jobsC. Enhancing living standardsD. Reducing newspaper cost（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _.A. very pre

23、cise in passing his judgment on advertisingB. interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD. obviously partial in his views on advertising（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion, _.A. advertising can seldom bring material b

24、enefit to man by providing informationB. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Shang

25、hai Technical Supervision Bureau recently released the results of a sample survey of 486 Model computers being sold in the citys markets. The survey revealed that nine of 14 types, or 64 percent of imported brand-name computers fulfilled the standards.A large number of the low-quality “foreign“ comp

26、uters which were marketed as world-famous brands were actually counterfeited shoddy products lacking the necessary information such as registered trademarks, factory of origin, quality certifications and safety indices.In addition, a survey of Shanghai footwear markets conducted by the Bureau on 30

27、-odd occasions since early this year indicated various brands of “foreign shoes“, including Nike and Puma, were low-quality counterfeited goods. The allegedly world-famous brands, priced between 300-500 Yuan per pair, were actually worth only 40-60 Yuan.An official from the China Consumer Associatio

28、n pointed to the following complaints concerning “foreign goods“: Quality problems related to individual commodities have developed into a universal problem directly relate to batch shipments of commodities. It is thus quite obvious that the crackdown on counterfeit shoddy foreign goods is a task re

29、quiring the utmost immediacy.The appearance of shoddy counterfeit foreign goods has adversely affected the normal operations of Chinas real foreign-goods markets, has greatly harmed the interests of consumers and resulted in substantial losses in state tax revenue. Officials have pointed out that th

30、e key to cracking down on counterfeit foreign goods is to attack illegal acts related to selling sham (虚假的) foreign goods at the prices applicable for authentic products.Officials recommend that commodity inspection, technical supervision and industrial and commercial departments should strengthen l

31、aw enforcement efforts, increase the frequency, of inspections, and eliminate the sources of sham foreign goods.Enterprises producing and marketing sham foreign goods should be subject to severe punishment, with all cases referred to the judicial departments for adjudication, and public supervision

32、should be intensified.Consumers, on the other hand, should make every effort to constantly enhance their ability to discern counterfeit foreign goods, and should refrain from blindly purchasing such products simply because of their low price.（分数：5.00）(1).The sample survey on computers discovered tha

33、t _.A. four hundred and eighty-six computers were counterfeited onesB. 64 percent of the imported computers were low-quality shoddy productsC. nine types of imported computers were up to the standard of their brandsD. large numbers of low-quality computers had been imported（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The s

34、urvey on Shanghai footwear markets showed that _.A. “foreign shoes“ of various brands were of low qualityB. world-famous brands of shoes were actually worth 50 to 60 YuanC. many of the world famous brand shoes sold were actually counterfeited onesD. people were paying much more than they should to b

35、uy foreign goods（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).An official from the China Consumer Association pointed out that _.A. the quality of foreign goods should be improved immediatelyB. the problem of counterfeit shoddy foreign goods should be dealt with immediatelyC. more and more people were dissatisfied with the

36、quality of foreign goodsD. improper shipping could damage the quality of goods（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).One of the negative effects of counterfeit foreign goods was that _.A. prices for foreign goods had to be kept lowB. the government suffered great losses in tax collectionC. consumers might lose intere

37、st in themD. the government might be forced to ban the import of all foreign goods（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is suggested in the passage that consumers _.A. should resist the temptation to buy goods at low pricesB. should report counterfeit goods by referring them to the judicial departmentsC. should p

38、erform the role of government inspection bodies to watch out for counterfeit goodsD. should learn to distinguish fake foreign goods from real ones for themselves（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)While it is generally agreed that the power of large companies extends beyond the economic spher

39、e, this influence is difficult to measure in any objective way. The processes of business entail at least some effort to ensure the sympathetic enactment and enforcement of legislation, since costs and earnings are affected by tax rates and government regulations. Companies and business groups send

40、agents to local and national capitals and use such vehicles as advertising to enlist support for policies that they favor. Although, in many countries, companies may not legally contribute directly to candidates running for public office, their executives and stockholders may do so as individuals. C

41、ompanies may, however, make payments to influence peddlers and contribute to committees working to pass or defeat legislative proposals. In practical terms, many lawmakers look upon companies as part of their constituency, although, if their districts depend on local plants, these lawmakers may be c

42、oncerned more with preserving jobs than with protecting company profits. In any case, limited-liability companies are central institutions in society; it would be unrealistic to expect them to remain aloof from the political process that affects their operations, performance, and principles.The deci

43、sions made by company managements have ramifications throughout society. In effect, companies can decide which parts of the country or even which parts of the world will prosper and which will decline by choosing where to locate their plants and other installations. The giant companies not only deci

44、de what to produce but also help to instill in their customers a desire for the amenities that the companies make available. To the extent that large firms provide employment, their personnel requirements determine the curricula of schools and universities. For these reasons, individuals aspirations

45、 and dissatisfactions are likely to be influenced by large companies. This does not mean that large business firms can influence the public in any way they choose; it is simply that they are the only institutions available to perform certain functions. Automobiles, typewriters, frozen food, and elec

46、tric toasters must come from company auspices if they are to be provided at all. Understanding this dependence as a given, companies tend to create an environment congenial to the conduct of their business.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, which statement is true?A. The power of large companies

47、 is usually confined in the economic sphereB. The operations of large companies are thoroughly controlled by government regulationsC. It is illegal for any large company to influence the enforcement of legislationD. Large companies cannot be free from the influence of political processes（分数：1.00）A.B

48、.C.D.(2).All the following statements are true EXCEPT _.A. Lawmakers may pay more attention to preserving jobs than protecting company profitsB. Few decisions made by large companies have profound ramifications in societyC. Large companies cannot influence the public in any way they likeD. The opera

49、tions of large companies are inevitably affected by government policies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is implied in the passage that all the following are likely to be influenced by large companies, except _.A. the ambitions of studentsB. the dissatisfactions of the publicC. the number of schools and universities in a specific areaD. the curricula of schools and universities in a specific area（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The best title for this passage should be _.A. Company ManagementB. Limited Liability CompaniesC. The Impact