银行系统招聘考试英语（中国建设银行）历年真题试卷汇编4及答案解析.doc

1、银行系统招聘考试英语（中国建设银行）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：30.00)“Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention,“ says Schacter, “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent

2、 encoded it deeply.“ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don t pay attention to what you did

3、because you re involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,“ says Schacter, “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed.“ Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mind

4、edness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski,“may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.“ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. “Visual cues can help pre

5、vent absent-mindedness,“ says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication(药物)with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table-dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket Another comm

6、on episode of absent-mindedness: Walking into a room and wondering why you re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll be likely to rememb

7、er.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?（分数：2.00）A.It helps us understand our memory system betterB.It enables us to recall something from our memoryC.It expands our memory capacity considerablyD.It slows down the process of losing our memory(2).One possib

8、le reason why women have better memories than men is that( ).（分数：2.00）A.they have a wider range of interestsB.they are more reliant on the environmentC.they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD.they are more interested in what s happening around them(3).A note in the pocket can hardly

9、serve as a reminder because( ).（分数：2.00）A.it will easily get lostB.its not clear enough for you to readC.its out of your sightD.it might get mixed up with other things(4).What do we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget anotherB.Memory depen

10、ds to a certain extent on the environmentC.Repetition helps improve our memoryD.If we keep forgetting things, we d better return to where we were(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The process of gradual memory lossB.The causes of absent-mindednessC.The impact of the environment on memor

11、yD.A way if encoding and recallingIf the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas

12、 public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering muc

13、h in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been asso

14、ciated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state s budget is patrolled by uni

15、ons. The teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care. In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backlo

16、aded“ public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though

17、 there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have ralli

18、ed thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too. John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad

19、 for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above ￥250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public -sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much

20、bigger problem for America.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the first paragraph that( ).（分数：2.00）A.Teamsters still have a large body of membersB.Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantC.unions have enlarged their public-sector membershipD.the government has improved its relationship with uni

21、onists(2).Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.B.Education is required for public-sector union membership.C.Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.D.Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their ac

22、tions.(3).It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is( ).（分数：2.00）A.illegally securedB.indirectly addedC.excessively increasedD.fairly adjusted(4).The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions( ).（分数：2.00）A.often run against the current political systemB.can

23、change peoples political attitudesC.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsD.are dominant in the government(5).John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system is one of( ).（分数：2.00）A.disapprovalB.appreciationC.toleranceD.indifferenceExercise is one of the few factors with a positive role i

24、n long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light“ beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of

25、overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious

26、 Danish pastry(小甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,“ says York Onnen, program director of the Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Still, exercises supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at t

27、he Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. If you have been sedentary(极少活动的)a

28、nd decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a years time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weigh

29、t.（分数：10.00）(1).What is said about the average American in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light“ beerB.They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weightC.They prefer “light“ beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and foodD.They know the factors

30、that play a positive role in keeping down body weight(2).Some people dislike exercise because( ).（分数：2.00）A.they think it is physically exhaustingB.they find it hard to exercise while on a dietC.they dont think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD.they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts tr

31、oublesome(3).“Even exercise professionals concede half a point here“(Line 3,Para 2)means “They( )“.（分数：2.00）A.agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exerciseB.partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC.are not fully convinced that

32、dieting can help maintain ones new weightD.are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight(4).What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Centers study?（分数：2.00）A.Controlling one s calorie intake is more important than doing exerciseB.Even occasional exercise

33、can help reduce weightC.Weight reduction is impossible without exerciseD.One could lose ten pounds in a year s time if there s no increase in food intake(5).What is the authors purpose in writing this article?（分数：2.00）A.To justify the study of the Boston University Medical CenterB.To stress the impo

34、rtance of maintaining proper weightC.To support the statement made by York OnnenD.To show the most effective way to lose weight银行系统招聘考试英语（中国建设银行）历年真题试卷汇编 4答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：30.00)“Most episodes of absent-mindedness-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just

35、entered a room-are caused by a simple lack of attention,“ says Schacter, “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.“ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly c

36、an create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don t pay attention to what you did because you re involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,“ says

37、Schacter, “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed.“ Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski,“may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.“ Women have slightly better memories than

38、 men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. “Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness,“ says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication(药物)with lunch, put the pill bo

39、ttle on the kitchen table-dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket Another common episode of absent-mindedness: Walking into a room and wondering why you re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to tim

40、e,“ says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll be likely to remember.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?（分数：2.00）A.It helps us understand our memory system betterB.It enables us to recall someth

41、ing from our memory C.It expands our memory capacity considerablyD.It slows down the process of losing our memory解析：解析：作者第一次提到“encode”是在第一段末尾，然后在第二段开头对“encode”做了详细说明。全句是这样的“Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impacton recalling it later”“encod

42、ing is a special way of paying attention to an event”是句子的主体，意思是“编码是一种对事件加以关注的特殊方式”。“has a major impact on recalling it later”，意思是“对以后想起这一事件来有很大影响”。整句是说，Encoding可以使我们回忆起发生过的事件，其原理是对发生事件加以特殊关注。四个答案中 B的说法与此一致。(2).One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that( ).（分数：2.00）A.they hav

43、e a wider range of interestsB.they are more reliant on the environmentC.they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD.they are more interested in what s happening around them 解析：解析：文章提到题目所说的女性比男性记忆力好是在第三段“Women have slightly better memoriesthan men”，也解释了原因“possibly because they pay more at

44、tention to their environment,and memory relies on justthat”可能是因为她们对周围环境更加注意，而记忆恰恰有赖于此。再由段首的一句“Lack of interest can also leadto absent-mindedness”知道女性与男性对比的例子也是服务于这句话，也就是强调兴趣。由此本题选 D。(3).A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because( ).（分数：2.00）A.it will easily get lostB.its not clear e

45、nough for you to readC.its out of your sight D.it might get mixed up with other things解析：解析：文章提到“衣袋里的便条”是在第四段“dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourselfa note that you keep in a pocket”，意思是不要把药瓶留在药柜内，然后自己写一张纸条揣进 13袋。再由句首“Visual cues can help prevent absentmindedness”和“But be sure the cue

46、 is clear and available”，推出选 C。(4).What do we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another B.Memory depends to a certain extent on the environmentC.Repetition helps improve our memoryD.If we keep forgetting things, we d better return to whe

47、re we were解析：解析：最后一段主要讨论“走进房间却忘了去做什么”这一健忘现象，一共四句话，第一句描述现象第二句给出了可能的原因在想另外一件事。第三句借他人之口指出这种情况频繁发生。最后一句是解决办法：回到原来的地方。A 的说法是在解释健忘的原因，和最后一段第二句话的意思一致，是正确的推理。(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The process of gradual memory lossB.The causes of absent-mindedness C.The impact of the environment on

48、 memoryD.A way if encoding and recalling解析：解析：第一段提出健忘的问题并做了初步分析，二、三两段是对健忘原因的分析，最后两段告诉人们一些对付健忘的办法。B 所说的原因是第二、三段的内容(第一段末也有涉及)，从二、三段的字数和重要性来看可以认为这是文章的主要内容。If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, on

49、ly one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quar