IEC TR 60943 Edition 21-2009 Guidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical equipment in particular for terminals《特殊终端中电气设备部件用关于允许.pdf

1、 IEC/TR 60943Edition 2.1 2009-03TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUEGuidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical equipment, in particular for terminals Guide concernant lchauffement admissible des parties des matriels lectriques, en particulier les bornes de raccordemen

2、t IEC/TR60943:1998+A1:2008 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved.

3、 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you

4、have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publ

5、ication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou s

6、i vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence. IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varemb CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About the IEC The Internati

7、onal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please mak

8、e sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on p

9、rojects, withdrawn and replaced publications. IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available on-line and also by email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org The worlds leading

10、 online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary online. Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If y

11、ou wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 A propos de la CEI La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la premire organisatio

12、n mondiale qui labore et publie des normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait llectricit, llectronique et aux technologies apparentes. A propos des publications CEI Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possdez ldition la plus rcen

13、te, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir t publi. Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet deffectuer des recherches en utilisant diffrents critres (numro de rfrence, texte, comit dtudes,). Il donne aussi des informations

14、 sur les projets et les publications retires ou remplaces. Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Restez inform sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published dtaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email. Electropedia: www

15、.electropedia.org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes lectroniques et lectriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et dfinitions en anglais et en franais, ainsi que les termes quivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appel Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en l

16、igne. Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright Intern

17、ational Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IEC/TR 60943Edition 2.1 2009-03TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUEGuidance concerning the permissible temperature rise for parts of electrical e

18、quipment, in particular for terminals Guide concernant lchauffement admissible des parties des matriels lectriques, en particulier les bornes de raccordement INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE CKICS 29.020 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 2-8318-1029-8 Regist

19、ered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-

20、2 60943 IEC:1998+A1:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 INTRODUCTION6 Section 1: General 1 General8 1.1 Scope and object8 1.2 Reference documents 8 1.3 Definitions.9 1.4 Symbols 9 Section 2: Theory 2 General considerations concerning the nature of electric contact and the calculation and measurement of the ohm

21、ic resistance of contacts10 2.1 Electric contacts and connection terminals 10 2.2 Nature of electric contact10 2.3 Calculation of contact resistance12 3 Ageing mechanisms of contacts and connection terminals 16 3.1 General.16 3.2 Contacts of dissimilar metals17 3.3 Oxidation ageing mechanisms .19 3.

22、4 Results concerning ageing of copper contacts.21 3.5 Usage and precautions to be taken in the use of contact materials.24 4 Calculation of temperature rise of conductors, contacts and connection terminals 25 4.1 Symbolic representations .25 4.2 Temperature rise Tsof a conductor with respect to the

23、temperature Te of the surrounding medium.27 4.3 Temperature rise To o in the vicinity of the contact: temperature rise of connection terminals.28 4.4 Temperature rise of the elementary contact points 28 Section 3: Application 5 Permissible temperature and temperature rise values29 5.1 Ambient air te

24、mperature a.29 5.2 Temperature and temperature rise of various equipment components .30 5.3 Temperature and temperature rise of conductors connecting electrical equipment 38 5.4 Temperature and temperature rise of connection terminals for electrical equipment Influence on connected conductors39 Copy

25、right International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-60943 IEC:1998+A1:2008 3 6 General procedure to be followed for determining permissible temperature and temperature rise .40 6.1 Ba

26、sic parameters40 6.2 Method to be followed for determining maximum permissible temperature and temperature rise 40 Annex A Numerical examples of the application of the theory and other data .42 Annex B Physical characteristics of selected metals and alloys. 45 Annex C Physical characteristics of flu

27、id dielectrics . 46 Annex D nformation on the reaction of contact metals with substances in the atmosphere 47 Annex E Temperature rise of a conductor cooled by radiation and convection in the vicinity of a terminal. 48 Annex F List of symbols used in this report 57 Annex G Bibliography . 59 Copyrigh

28、t International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 4 60943 IEC:1998+A1:2008 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ GUIDANCE CONCERNING THE PERMISSIBLE TEMPERATURE RISE FOR PARTS OF

29、 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR TERMINALS FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-opera

30、tion on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt wit

31、h may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined b

32、y agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees. 3

33、) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake

34、to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure t

35、o indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held respon

36、sible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support

37、 cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when a te

38、chnical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. Technical reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into Inter

39、national Standards. Technical reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. IEC 60943, which is a technical report of type 3, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 32: Fuses. Copyright International Electro

40、technical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-60943 IEC:1998+A1:2008 5 This consolidated version of IEC 60943 consists of the second edition (1998) documents 32/142/CDV and 32/148/RVC and its amendment 1

41、(2008) documents 32/187/DTR and 32/188/RVC. The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and has been prepared for user convenience. It bears the edition number 2.1. A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by amendment 1.

42、 Annexes are for information only. The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,

43、 the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 6 60943 IEC:1998+A1:2008 INTRODUCT

44、ION a) The temperature rise encountered in electrical assemblies as a result of the various losses in the conductors, contacts, magnetic circuits, etc. is of growing importance as a result of the development of new techniques of construction and operation of equipment. This development has been part

45、icularly significant in the field of assemblies, where numerous components dissipating energy (contactors, fuses, resistors, etc.), in particular modular devices are found within enclosures of synthetic materials which are somewhat impermeable to heat. This temperature rise results in a relatively h

46、igh temperature of the basic elements constituting the electric contacts: a high temperature favours oxidation at the contact interface, increases its resistance and thereby leads to further heating, and thus to an even higher temperature. If the component material of the contact is unsuitable or in

47、sufficiently protected, the contact may be irreparably damaged before the calculated useful life of the equipment has expired. Such temperature rises also affect connection terminals and the connected conductors, and their effects should be limited in order to ensure that the insulation of the condu

48、ctors remains satisfactory throughout the life of the installation. b) In view of these problems, this report has been prepared with the following objectives: to analyze the various heating and oxidation phenomena to which the contacts, the connection terminals and the conductors leading to them are subjected, depending on their environment and their arrangement; to provide elementary rules to product committees to enable them to specify permissible temperatures and temperature rises. c) Attention is drawn to the precauti