【学历类职业资格】英语写作自考题-10及答案解析.doc

1、英语写作自考题-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1. Being Shy_First, make decisions not to hold back in conversations. What you have to say is just as important as what other people say. And dont turn down party invitations just because of your shyness.Second, prepare yourself for being with

2、 others in groups. Make a list of the good qualities you have. Then make a list of ideas, experiences, and skills you would like to share with other people. Think about what you would like to say in advance. Then say it.Third, if you start feeling self-conscious in group, take a deep breath and focu

3、s your attention on other people. Remember, you are not alone. Other people are concerned about the impression they are making, too. Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. Moreover, remember everyone experiences failures and disappointments. Profit them as lessons instead of frustra

4、tions.As each of us is an individual, we behave in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. No one ever gets over being shy completely, but most people do learn to live with their shyness. Even entertainers admit that they oft

5、en feel shy. They work at fighting their shy feelings so they can face the cameras and the public.Just making the effort to control shyness can have many rewards. But perhaps the best reason to fight shyness is to give other people a chance to know more about you.（分数：20.00）_二、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2. Sen

6、d in the Clones“Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being“, as one TV newsman put it. While his description was off the mark, the real news was almost as fantastic: researchers at George Washington University split single human embryos into identical copies, a technology that has sp

7、arked a storm of controversy around the world.Claiming they began the experiments to spur a debate, the researchers got more than they bargained for. The Vatican condemned the technology as evil; one German magazine called the research “immoral“, and sociologists in the US disagreed hotly over wheth

8、er the technology should be offered to infertile couples, couples incapable of having children.The news left people wondering what the technology is all about. Actually what the researchers did was to extend a technique that has been used in livestock for more than a decade. The physicians used tube

9、 fertilization technology to create 17 human embryos in a laboratory. When the embryos had grown enough to contain 28 cells, the researchers separated them into 48 cells. Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab, developing into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin.T

10、hough no great technical feat, the procedure opens a range of unsettling possibilities. For example, parents could have one embryo implanted in the mothers womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely. The spare embryos could be implanted later, allowing parents to create a family of identical

11、 children of different ages. Spare embryos could also be sold to other families, who could see from an already born child how their embryo would turn out. Even more bizarre, a woman conceived from a split embryo could give birth to her own twin. Such scenarios raise painful issues about the rights o

12、f parents and meaning of individuality.Some sociologists maintain that parents have the right to do with embryos what they will, including having twins born years apart. But others fear that the procedure unacceptably alters what it means to be human being, especially when the younger twins are forc

13、ed to see older versions of themselves.Amid the controversy, one thing seems certain: the experiments will continue. While cloning is forbidden in Germany, fertility research is proceeding in the US without federal regulations. But researchers must obtain approval from their hospital board. Without

14、federal oversight, the highly competitive fertility business may soon use the new technology to attract clients. As a doctor told the scientific journal Science, “It was just a matter of time.“（分数：20.00）_三、B(总题数：1，分数：60.00)3.Some people insist that the family has the most important influence on youn

15、g adults. Other people think that friends have the most important influence on young adults, which view do you agree with? Write a short expository essay about 300 words to explicate your opinion. In your writing, underline your thesis and number your paragraphs.（分数：60.00）_英语写作自考题-10 答案解析(总分：100.00，

16、做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1. Being Shy_First, make decisions not to hold back in conversations. What you have to say is just as important as what other people say. And dont turn down party invitations just because of your shyness.Second, prepare yourself for being with others in groups. Make a l

17、ist of the good qualities you have. Then make a list of ideas, experiences, and skills you would like to share with other people. Think about what you would like to say in advance. Then say it.Third, if you start feeling self-conscious in group, take a deep breath and focus your attention on other p

18、eople. Remember, you are not alone. Other people are concerned about the impression they are making, too. Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. Moreover, remember everyone experiences failures and disappointments. Profit them as lessons instead of frustrations.As each of us is an i

19、ndividual, we behave in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. No one ever gets over being shy completely, but most people do learn to live with their shyness. Even entertainers admit that they often feel shy. They work at f

20、ighting their shy feelings so they can face the cameras and the public.Just making the effort to control shyness can have many rewards. But perhaps the best reason to fight shyness is to give other people a chance to know more about you.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Nearly everyone is shy in some ways. Shy peopl

21、e are overconcerned with their own appearances and actions. Worrisome thoughts often swirl in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? If shyness is making you uncomfortable, it may be time for a few lessons in selfconfidence. Shyness can be overcome with

22、 determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. You can build your confidence by following some suggestions.)解析：解析 本文要求根据给出的段落，补充第一段。所以我们先就下面的段落进行分析。 第二段：要有决心不要在谈话中保持沉默。相信你要说的内容是和其他人的一样重要。不要仅仅因为你害羞就拒绝别人的邀请。 第三段：做好充分的准备和别人交谈。将你的技能、想法、经历和你想跟别人分享的东西列一个清单，接下来就去说。 第四段：如果你在谈话的群体中过多地在乎自己，这时，深呼

23、吸，把自己的注意力集中到别人身上。你并不孤单，因为很多人都很在意自己给别人留下的印象，你只管说出你的想法。每个人都有失败的经历，我们要把它当作教训而不是一种失落。 第五段：因为每一个人都是一个独立的个体，我们都有自己的行为方式。我们更多地了解自己，就能更好地发挥我们的潜力。没有人能完全克服害羞，但多数人能学会怎样去适应它。即使是那些娱乐工作者也有这种感觉，只是他们每次都尽量去克服它，以更好地去面对观众和摄像机。 第六段：试着克服害羞有很多好处。最大的好处是能让别人更好地了解你。 从以上分析不难看出，本文所缺省的是说明文的开头段。说明文的开头段由两部分组成，即：Introduction和 The

24、sis statement。Introduction 可以采取叙述法、比较对比法、因果分析法等展开，为的是弥补字数的不足。至于 Thesis statement的构建，要根据第二一五段所谈论的各个观点而总结得出。第二五段是对如何克服害羞提出的几点建议，最后一段是一个小的总结，不难看出，需要补充的第一段应该是一个概括性的段落。在 Introduction中，对人们害羞的表现、产生的原因和存在的方式作一个简单的介绍，同时，Thesis statement 提出，害羞是可以克服的，有这样几种方式(关键词)，这样就能很好地和下面的几段衔接到一起。 下面来谈谈句子的组织： (1)be overconce

25、rned with 过分在意 害羞的人总是过多地在意自己的形象和行为。 Shy people are overconcerned with their appearances and actions. 其他的表达方法： Shy people are always paying more attention to their own appearances and actions. (2)swirl in在盘旋 担忧的想法经常在他们的脑子中盘旋。 Worrisome thoughts often swirl in their minds. 其他的表达方法： The worrisome thoug

26、hts often wander in their minds. (3)make impression留下印象 我给别人留下的印象是什么样的? What kind of impression am I making? 其他说法： What kind of impression have I made? (4)build self-confidence 通过坚决和耐心的努力去树立自信，可以帮助我们克服害羞。 Shyness can be overcome with determined and patient efforts in, building selfconfidence 其他的表达方式

27、： We can do our best to build selfconfidence with determination and patience in order to overcome shyness (5)你可以依照一些建议去建立自信。 You can build your confidence by following some suggestions. 原文中一些有用的用法： (1)turn down 拒绝 Do not turn down party invitations just because of shyness. 不要仅仅因为害羞就拒绝别人的邀请。 (2)make

28、a list of 列清单 Make a list of the good qualities you have. 为你的优点列一个清单。 (3)focus your attention on 集中你的注意力在 Focus your attention on other people. (4)live with. 忍受，适应 Most people do learn to live with their shyness. 多数人学会去忍受适应害羞。二、B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2. Send in the Clones“Scientists have made a breakthrou

29、gh to clone a human being“, as one TV newsman put it. While his description was off the mark, the real news was almost as fantastic: researchers at George Washington University split single human embryos into identical copies, a technology that has sparked a storm of controversy around the world.Cla

30、iming they began the experiments to spur a debate, the researchers got more than they bargained for. The Vatican condemned the technology as evil; one German magazine called the research “immoral“, and sociologists in the US disagreed hotly over whether the technology should be offered to infertile

31、couples, couples incapable of having children.The news left people wondering what the technology is all about. Actually what the researchers did was to extend a technique that has been used in livestock for more than a decade. The physicians used tube fertilization technology to create 17 human embr

32、yos in a laboratory. When the embryos had grown enough to contain 28 cells, the researchers separated them into 48 cells. Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab, developing into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin.Though no great technical feat, the procedure open

33、s a range of unsettling possibilities. For example, parents could have one embryo implanted in the mothers womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely. The spare embryos could be implanted later, allowing parents to create a family of identical children of different ages. Spare embryos could

34、also be sold to other families, who could see from an already born child how their embryo would turn out. Even more bizarre, a woman conceived from a split embryo could give birth to her own twin. Such scenarios raise painful issues about the rights of parents and meaning of individuality.Some socio

35、logists maintain that parents have the right to do with embryos what they will, including having twins born years apart. But others fear that the procedure unacceptably alters what it means to be human being, especially when the younger twins are forced to see older versions of themselves.Amid the c

36、ontroversy, one thing seems certain: the experiments will continue. While cloning is forbidden in Germany, fertility research is proceeding in the US without federal regulations. But researchers must obtain approval from their hospital board. Without federal oversight, the highly competitive fertili

37、ty business may soon use the new technology to attract clients. As a doctor told the scientific journal Science, “It was just a matter of time.“（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(. Introduction: human cloning and the reaction A. Fantastic news B. Thesis: The technology has sparked a storm of controversy. . Reactions

38、from different circles A. Condemnation from the Vatican B. Criticism from a German magazine C. Disagreement from American sociologists . The technology of cloning A. The technology already used in livestock for over a decade B. The process of creating human embryos . Unsettling possibilities and pai

39、nful issues A. Indefinite identical siblings B. Identical children of different ages C. Identical children in other families as a result of selling embryos D. Woman giving birth to her own twin E. Uncertain rights of parents and meaning of individuality . The prospects of the technology A. Continuin

40、g experiments in the U.S B. Possible commercial use in the U.S. soon)解析：解析 这是一篇关于克隆的文章。首先来一段一段地分析。 第一段：新闻播音员说科学家已经在克隆人类方面实现重大突破。但是当这个说法变成现实的时候，这种技术却在世界范围内引起了巨大的争议。 (1)make a breakthrough 实现重大突破 (2)split single human embryos into identical copies 分离人类的胚胎成为完全相同的复制品 (3)spark a storm of controversy 引起巨大

41、的争议 第二段：主要讲到了不同群体对于这一技术的反应，主要提到了三个群体。梵蒂冈谴责这一技术是邪恶的；一家德国杂志认为这项研究是不道德的；美国的社会学家在是否应该把这一技术应用于不能生育的夫妻这一问题上不能达成一致。couples incapable of having children 不能生育小孩的夫妻 第三段：主要讲到这个消息让人们开始想知道这项技术到底是怎样的。然后介绍了克隆的过程。其实，科学家只是将已经在家畜身上试验了 20多年的技术进一步扩大。医生用试管繁殖技术在实验室造了 17个胚胎，当胚胎长到有 28个细胞的时候，实验者把他们分离成 48个细胞，其中的 2个几天后存活了下来，渐

42、渐长成比针头还小一些的胚胎。 (1)separate them into. 分离 (2)the head of pin 针头 第四段：讲到尽管还没有伟大的技术成就，但这一成果已经提供了一系列的猜测。例如，父母可以将胚胎移植到母亲的子宫内，不定期地储藏兄弟姊妹。这个闲置的胚胎可以在以后被移植，创造一个家庭，成员是具有不同年龄的一模一样的孩子。胚胎还可以卖给其他的家庭。甚至一个女人可以想象利用胚胎生一个自己的双胞胎妹妹。 (1)a range of一系列的 (2)give birth to 赋予生命 第五段：这样的情况引起了关于父母权利和独立个体的意义的痛苦的讨论。一些社会学家认为父母有权利使用他

43、们的胚胎，即使是去创造一个与自己不同时出生的双胞胎。但也有人担心这样会改变一个独立个体的意义，特别是那些年轻的双胞胎不得不去看他们年老的版本。 have the right to do 有权利做 第六段：讲到在争议中，有一件事是确定的，那就是这项试验将继续进行下去。德国禁止这一试验的进行，然而在美国，这一试验在没有联邦政府管理的情况下进行着，但是实验者必须得到医院董事会的允许。没有联邦政府的监督，医院出于竞争的目的，为了吸引病人，不久就会应用这一技术。正如一个医生所说，这只是一个时间问题。可见该段可以分为两个方面。第一，试验将在美国继续进行。第二，这项技术不久可能在美国被应用于商业。 (1)a

44、mid the controversy在争议中 (2)It was just a matter of time. 这只是个时间问题。 通过上文的分析，可以很容易理出文章的层次。除第四和五段合并成一个层次以外，其他的段落独自成为一个层次。第四和五段合并，因为这两段都是讲的关于克隆技术不确定的可能性和棘手的结果。第四段提到了四个方面，而第五段提到一个方面，就是关于父母的权利和独立个体的意义的问题。三、B(总题数：1，分数：60.00)3.Some people insist that the family has the most important influence on young adul

45、ts. Other people think that friends have the most important influence on young adults, which view do you agree with? Write a short expository essay about 300 words to explicate your opinion. In your writing, underline your thesis and number your paragraphs.（分数：60.00）_正确答案：( Friends Do Most of the In

46、fluence on Young Adults(1)Some people think that the family has the most important influence on the young adults. For example, some scientists and statesmen owe their successes to the good upbringing their families have given them. But others think that friends have the most important influence on y

47、oung adults. As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.“ UPersonally, I think friends do most of the influence on young adults./U(2)The reasons are obvious. In school, diligent students, when jeered by pleasure-hunting friends, are possible to become lazy, or even bad. On the other hand, wrong-doers who feel guilty in the presence of their virtuous companions can often turn over a new leaf. As we know, many young adults pay much attention to their playmates. Once