【学历类职业资格】英语国家概况自考题-19及答案解析.doc

1、英语国家概况自考题-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：35，分数：35.00)1.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, a (n) _ navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies. A. French B. Spanish C. Italian D. English（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The “first

2、Americans“ were _. A. the Black Slaves B. the Pilgrims C. the Indians D. the Hispanics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The Pilgrims built a colony named _ after they arrived in America. A. Jamestown B. Boston C. Plymouth D. Yorktown（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The Pilgrims came to America in search of _. A. more land B. go

3、ld C. religious freedom D. wealth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.What were the causes of the War of Independence? _. A. The development of colonial economy led to demand for more power to determine their own business. B. The British government was to collect more taxes from the colonies. C. The sale of tea in th

4、e colonies. D. Both A and B.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The three Puritan traditions are _. A. religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning B. religious dissent, aggressiveness and respect for learning C. religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning D. reli

5、gious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.In September 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in _, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. A. New York B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Concord（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The American War of Independence

6、 began at _. A. Boston B. New York C. Lexington D. Plymouth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The leading body of the American Independence War was _. A. the Union B. Federalists C. the Continental Congress D. the Constitution Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.American troops defeated the British at _ in Northern New Y

7、ork. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France. A. Saratoga B. Trenton C. Lexington D. Yorktown（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The political theory of American Revolution came from the well-known philosopher _. A. Thomas Jeffe

8、rson B. Thomas Paine C. Alexander Hamilton D. John Locke（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris in _ which recognized the independence of the United States. A. 1776 B. 1801 C. 1783 D. 1778（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.In 1787, delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia

9、 to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the _. A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress C. Constitutional Convention D. Independent Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.At the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, the delegates who argued fo

10、r a national system called themselves _. A. Republicans B. Democrats C. Anti-Federalists D. Federalists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is not true? _ A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781

11、 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The conflict at the Continental Convention was resolved by _, giving each state an equal vote in Senate. A. the “Great Compromise“ B. the Compromise of 1850

12、C. Federalist Papers D. the Bill of Rights（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The serious weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that there was no one to do the _. A. executives job B. legislative job C. tax job D. government job（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.All the states except _ were represented at the Constitution

13、al Convention. A. Delaware B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. Rhode Island（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are _. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and Jo

14、hn Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20._ to the Constitution, as the foundation of the American constitutional system, were called the Bill of Rights. A. The first three amendments B. The first five amendments C. The first ten amendments D. The first twelve ame

15、ndments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the _. A. 19th Amendment B. Articles of Confederation C. Bill of Rights D.U.S. Constitution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1789 by a narrow margin on the understanding that _

16、 after the Constitution came into force. A. Washington would be president of the U.S. B. the House of Representatives would be elected by each state C. a Bill of Rights would be amended D. each state would be equally represented in the Senate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.During the American westward movement,

17、 Democratic politician John L. OSullivan produced the famous theory of _. A. “Isolationism“ B. “Good Neighbor Policy“ C. “Social Darwinism“ D. “Manifest Destiny“（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.After the War with Mexico ended in 1848, Mexico was forced to agree to give _ to the United States. A. Florida and New

18、Orleans B. Louisiana and Ohio C. New England and Mississippi D. California and New Mexico（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In 1853, in the _, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the USA. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase（分数：1.

19、00）A.B.C.D.26.After the United States bought the _ for only $15 million, its territory almost doubled. A. Ohio Territory B. Gadsden Territory C. Louisiana Territory D. New Mexico Territory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.During the drafting of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the Constitution,

20、 the issue of Negro slavery was _. A. not raised B. raised but voted down C. bitterly debated D. raised but because of strong southern opposition it was put aside for a greater objective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Which of the following statements is not considered the valid reason for the disappearance of

21、black slavery in the American North in the early 1800s? A. The price of slaves was too high. B. Slavery was simply illegal in the North. C. The Africans could not stand cold winters in the North. D. As the North turned toward industry, mechanics and not farmhands were needed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Afte

22、r much debate, the Compromise of 1850 was passed, which allowed _ to be accepted as a free state. A. Utah B. California C. Louisiana D. New Mexico（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called _. A. the Southern States of

23、 America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.In the 1830s in America, the antislavery reformers were called _. A. revolutionaries B. Democrats C. abolitionists D. Republicans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.The Amer

24、ican Civil War broke out in _ and ended in _. A. 1850, 1863 B. 1846, 1848 C. 1861, 1863 D. 1861, 1865（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.The Civil War was won by the Union, but Lincoln was shot dead by John Wilkes Booth on _. A. April 15, 1865 B. April 14, 1864 C. May 15, 1864 D. April 14, 1865（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.A

25、fter the Civil War, _ became a strong trend in American economy. A. disappearance of private business B. increase in capital investment C. monopoly by big business D. nationalization of enterprises（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.Which of the following statements is not a reason to explain the rapid growth of ca

26、pitalism after the Civil War? _. A. The U.S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports. B. There was enough labor supply for the development of American industries. C. Science and invention played a key role in accelerating Americas industrial development. D. With the war over, both foreig

27、n and domestic capital became available for investment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：30.00)36.What is the major reason for many early settlers to come to the English colonies in North America?（分数：3.00）_37.In what way were the puritans different from the Pilgrims?（分数：3.00）_38.Please write any thre

28、e of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.（分数：3.00）_39.What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?（分数：3.00）_40.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?（分数：3.00）_41.What does t

29、he American War of Independence show?（分数：3.00）_42.What international influence did the American War of Independence have?（分数：3.00）_43.What was the “Great Compromise“ of July 6, 1787?（分数：3.00）_44.What was the Compromise of 1850?（分数：3.00）_45.What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short sp

30、eech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?（分数：3.00）_三、B/B(总题数：4，分数：35.00)46.Amerigo Vespucci（分数：9.00）_47.“No taxation without representation“（分数：9.00）_48.The Constitutional Convention（分数：9.00）_49.the Emancipation Proclamation（分数：8.00）_英语国家概况自考题-19 答案解析(总分：100.00，

31、做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：35，分数：35.00)1.In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, a (n) _ navigator, led his men to sail across the vast ocean and reached some small islands in the now West Indies. A. French B. Spanish C. Italian D. English（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 15 世纪时期，意大利海员克里斯托夫哥伦布率船员横渡大洋来到现在的西印

32、度群岛的一些小岛上。2.The “first Americans“ were _. A. the Black Slaves B. the Pilgrims C. the Indians D. the Hispanics（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 “最早的美国人”是印第安人。没有人知道他们是什么时候或以什么方式来到这块现在称为美国的土地上的。3.The Pilgrims built a colony named _ after they arrived in America. A. Jamestown B. Boston C. Plymouth D. Yorktown（分数：

33、1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1620 年，201 个英国清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花号”的船来到新大陆。他们来到普利茅斯建立了普利茅斯殖民地。4.The Pilgrims came to America in search of _. A. more land B. gold C. religious freedom D. wealth（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 为了逃避宗教迫害，新教徒们离开英国到荷兰的菜顿生活。尽管那里气氛比较宽容，但他们担心如果不采取措施，他们的子孙就会变成荷兰人。于是在 1620 年，201 个英国清教徒乘坐一艘叫“五月花号”的船来到新大陆。

34、5.What were the causes of the War of Independence? _. A. The development of colonial economy led to demand for more power to determine their own business. B. The British government was to collect more taxes from the colonies. C. The sale of tea in the colonies. D. Both A and B.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解

35、析 十三个殖民地的经济发展非常迅速。随着经济的发展，殖民地人民需要更多来决定自己的事的权力。而英国政府的政策是控制殖民地的发展和收更多的税。这是美国独立战争爆发的主要原因。6.The three Puritan traditions are _. A. religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning B. religious dissent, aggressiveness and respect for learning C. religious intolerance, respect for ach

36、ievement and respect for learning D. religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 清教徒不允许在宗教上有异议(持不同的宗教信仰)。他们到美洲的目的不是为了实行宗教信仰宽容，而是要建立一个他们认为的真正的教会。他们认为高尚的地位和伟大的成就是“永恒天恩”(上帝的恩惠)的迹象，他们想把上帝的意志强加给其他种族。清教徒的传统还包括对知识的尊重，这促进了学校的建立和读、写能力的传播。这一切对美国资本主义的发展非常有益。7.In Septem

37、ber 1774, the First Continental Congress was held in _, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. A. New York B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Concord（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1774 年 9 月，第一次大陆会议在费城召开，号召北美人民拒绝购买英国的商品，殖民地的民兵组织也建立了。8.The American War of Independence began at _. A. Boston B.

38、New York C. Lexington D. Plymouth（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1775 年 4 月 19 日，1000 多名英国士兵从波士顿出发，去夺取存放在康科德的民兵组织的军需品。爱国者们早有提防。英国士兵一出发，北教堂塔楼上就有人迅速用灯笼把信息传递给保罗里维尔，保罗马上骑马去向村民报警，英军一到莱克星顿，就遇到了几十个武装民兵。先是突然一声枪响，然后便枪声大作。北美的独立战争爆发了。9.The leading body of the American Independence War was _. A. the Union B. Federalist

39、s C. the Continental Congress D. the Constitution Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1774 年 9 月，第一次大陆会议在费城召开，号召北美人民拒绝购买英国的商品，殖民地的民兵组织也建立了。莱克星顿和康科德战斗之后的第三周，第二次大陆会议再次在费城召开。代表们同意支持战争，大会建立了大陆陆军和海军，由弗吉尼亚的民兵指挥官乔治华盛顿任总司令。大会还指派一个委员会起草一份正式的宣言。可见美国独立战争的领导主体是大陆会议。10.American troops defeated the British at _ in

40、Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the American War of Independence, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S. and France. A. Saratoga B. Trenton C. Lexington D. Yorktown（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 美国在纽约州北部的萨拉托加击败了英军。这次胜利是独立战争的伟大转折点，直接导致了美、法联军的建立。11.The political theory of Ameri

41、can Revolution came from the well-known philosopher _. A. Thomas Jefferson B. Thomas Paine C. Alexander Hamilton D. John Locke（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 独立宣言清楚地阐明了支撑美国独立战争的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国的哲学家约翰洛克。12.Britain and America signed the Treaty of Paris in _ which recognized the independence of the United State

42、s. A. 1776 B. 1801 C. 1783 D. 1778（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1783 年 9 月签订了巴黎条约，英国承认美国独立。13.In 1787, delegates from the states held a meeting in Philadelphia to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. The meeting came to be called the _. A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress

43、C. Constitutional Convention D. Independent Convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1787 年 5 月在费城召开会议，讨论怎样使邦联条例能够比较适当。除罗得岛外，所有的州派代表都出席了这次制宪会议。14.At the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, the delegates who argued for a national system called themselves _. A. Republicans B. Democrats C. Anti-Federalists D. Federalists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 那些在制宪会议上主张全国一体化并获胜的代表们，自称为联邦派。15.Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is n