【考研类试卷】2012年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析.doc

1、2012年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：146.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Choose among the listed words below. You can add prefixes or suffixes to the words to make sure they come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning. novel, entire, read,

2、 admire, regard, utter, fallible, educate, argue, wise, discover, careful, remark, mortal, illustrate, judge, great, addition, beauty, fold The test of a great book is whether we want to read it only once or more than once, and every 1time that we read it we find new meanings and new beauties in it.

3、 A book that a person of 2and good taste does not care to read more than once is very probably not worth much. Some time ago there was a discussion going on 3the art of the great French 4, Zola; some people claimed that he possessed absolute genius; others claimed that he had only talent of a very 5

4、kind. The battle of the 6brought out some strange extravagances of opinions. But suddenly a very great critic simply put this question: “ How many of you have read, or would care to read, one of Zola“s books a second time?“ There was no answer; probably no one would read a book by Zola more than onc

5、e. The fact was settled. Shallow or false any book must be, that, although bought by a hundred thousand readers, is never read more than once. But we cannot consider the judgment of a single individual 7The opinion that makes a book great must be the opinion of many. For even the greatest critics ar

6、e apt to have certain dullness, certain inappreciations. Carlyle, for example, could not endure Browning; Byron could not endure some of the greatest of English poets. A man must be many-sided to utter a trustworthy estimate of many books. We may doubt the 8of the single critic at times. But there i

7、s no doubt possible in regard to the judgment of generations. Even if we cannot at once perceive anything good in a book which has been admired and praised for hundreds of years, we may be sure that by trying, by studying it 9, we shall at last be able to feel the reason of this 10and praise. The be

8、st of all libraries for a poor man would be a library 11composed of such great works only. This then would be the most important guide for us in the choice of reading. We should read only the books that we want to read more than once, nor should we buy any others, unless we have some special reason

9、for so investing money. The second fact demanding attention is the general character of the value that lies hidden within all such great books: they never become old; their youth is 12A great book is not apt to be comprehended by a young person at the first 13except in a superficial way. Only the su

10、rface, the narrative, is absorbed and enjoyed. No young man can possibly see at first reading the qualities of a great book. Remember that it has taken humanity in many cases hundreds of years to find out all that there is in such a book. But according to a man“s experience of life, the text will 14

11、new meanings to him. The book that delighted us at eighteen, if it be a good book, will delight us much more at twenty-five, and it will prove like a new book to us at thirty years of age. At forty we shall re-read it, wondering why we never saw how 15it was before. At fifty or sixty years of age th

12、e same facts will repeat themselves. A great book grows exactly in proportion to the growth of the reader“s mind. It was the 16of this extraordinary fact by generations of people long dead that made the 17of such works as those of Shakespeare, of Dante, or of Goethe. Perhaps Goethe can give us at th

13、is moment the best 18He wrote a number of little stories in prose, which children like, because to children they have all the charm of fairy-tales. But he never intended them for fairy-tales; he wrote them for experienced minds. A young man finds very serious reading in them; a middle-aged man disco

14、vers an extraordinary depth in their least 19; and an old man will find in them all the world“s philosophy, all the 20of life.（分数：40.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_翻译2.Paraphrase the under

15、lined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(15 xl = 15 points) He spoke in a matter-of-fact voice.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Be very careful not to swear in front of little children. Little pitchers have big ears .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.American writers and painters no longer sit at the feet of Europe

16、ans.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.What does Downing Street think of the matter?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.The movie fell flat on the audience.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.His address soon drew a good house .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Flattery is his stock in trade .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.It“s not the best flat in town, but at least it“s somewhe

17、re to hang your hat .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.She married one of her publishers and soon became a household word .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.This is a very fashionable area of town now, but when we first came, the houses were going for a song .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Your work these days is better by a long way .（分数：2

18、.00）填空项 1:_13.His reputation was at stake .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Being religious can be a far cry from being kind.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.I hate my job, but I have to keep body and soul together somehow.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Where“s the man in question ?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Paraphrase the following sentences.(10

19、 x2 = 20 points)It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant strugg

20、le between the kimono and the miniskirt.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.The Germans had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as

21、well.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socks.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.Leo

22、nard Bloomfield is one of those inseminating scholars who can“t be relegated to any department.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.All the old women here are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.In Shakespeare“s time, there was a King“s(or Queen“s)English to be proud of. The El

23、izabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.If a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Mary Barton, par

24、ticularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840“s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class

25、 homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature; the novel includes such features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons“ living room, and a transcription of the balla

26、d “ The Oldham Weaver. “ The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect. As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always consci

27、ous of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons“ house, and of John Barton and his friend“s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.“ Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-

28、creation of such families“ emotions and responses(which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that wo

29、uld completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction. The chapter “Old Alice“s History“ brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages a

30、nd the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account of Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment; an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environme

31、nt, into a kind of crankiness. The early chaptersabout factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on his impaled insectscapture t

32、he characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the follow

33、ing best describes the author“s attitude toward Gaskell“s use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton?（分数：2.00）A.Uncritical enthusiasm.B.Unresolved ambivalence.C.Qualified approval.D.Resigned acceptance.(2).According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D.H. Lawrence share

34、which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Depiction of the feelings of working-class families.B.Documentary objectivity about working-class circumstances.C.Richly detailed description of working-class adjustment to urban life.D.Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters.(3).It can be infe

35、rred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing experience of industrialism“ for many members of the English working class in the nineteenth century?（分数：2.00）A.Extortionate food prices.B.Geographical displacement.C.Hazardous

36、 working conditions.D.Alienation from fellow workers.(4).It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton might have been an even better novel if Gaskell had（分数：2.00）A.concentrated on the emotions of a single character.B.made no attempt to re-create experiences of which sh

37、e had no firsthand knowledge.C.grown up in an industrial city.D.managed to transcend her position as an outsider.(5).The author of the passage describes Mary Barton as each of the following EXCEPT:（分数：2.00）A.insightful.B.meticulous.C.poignant.D.lyrical.As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed l

38、ong ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dy

39、namic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult; some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with

40、the weather, and in other cases not. To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have “density-dependent“ growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, a

41、nd migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have “density-independent“ growth parameters, with vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density. This dichotomy has its uses, but

42、it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-depende

43、nt effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound(barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent

44、from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density. In order to understand the nature of the ecol

45、ogist“s investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal“ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent eff

46、ects act to produce “noise“ in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cycles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregular

47、ly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise. But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（分数：2.00）A.discussing two categories of factors that control population growt