【考研类试卷】2013年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析.doc

1、2013 年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.OPEC（分数：2.00）_3.CPI（分数：2.00）_4.HTTP（分数：2.00）_5.Hubble Space Telescope（分数：2.00）_6.ultraviolet rays（分数：2.00）_7.modem（分数：2.00）_8.GM organism（分数：2.00）_9.quark（分数：2.00）_10.carbohydrate（分数：2.00）_11.El Nino（分数：2.00）_12.magnetic

2、resonance imaging(MM)（分数：2.00）_13.Nikon（分数：2.00）_14.oxides of nitrogen（分数：2.00）_15.photosynthesis（分数：2.00）_16.geomorphology（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.功能目的论（分数：2.00）_术语_20.液晶显示器（分数：2.00）_21.自助图书馆（分数：2.00）_22.臭氧层（分数：2.00）_字节_视译_25.翻译记忆（分数：2.00）_26.异化法（分数：2.00）_27.蛋白质（分数：2.00）_28.陪同口译（分数：2.00）_29.等额选举（分数：2.00

3、30.可读性（分数：2.00）_31.太阳同步轨道卫星（分数：2.00）_32.基因疗法（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_34.In agriculture a relevant aspect is the better adaptation of plants to specific environmental conditions that can be gained using genetic engineering techniques: this includes the better adaptation of crop plants

4、to the changing environmental conditions, including climate change, increased UV radiation, changed rainfall patterns. Plants may be able to be more resistant to drought, flooding, salinity or sensitivity to heavy metals, so that they can be grown in areas of the earth currently beyond the tolerance

5、 range of species, or even those areas unable to be used for agriculture at all. Furthermore, other environments could be considered: tolerance to low temperature is also important, and, for example, an antifreeze gene from an arctic fish has been transferred to soybean, with the goal of creating pl

6、ants tolerant to low temperature. Another aspect is related to chemical problems connected with plants growth: aluminum toxicity is a problem in low pH soils, where it may reduce plant growth. By making plants tolerant, they could grow better in such soils. Genetic modifications could lead to an inc

7、reased disease and pest resistance and to the production of new cultivars with improved pest and disease resistance to promote more environmentally acceptable alternatives for food production. The genetic manipulation could lead finally to the utilization of new raw materials: traditional foods ofte

8、n involve consumption of only one or several parts of a plant, for example fruits, leaves, roots, or stems. Plants grown in one culture for roots may be eaten for their leaves in another, such as beetroot. Some plants may be eaten by humans in one culture, such as the plant rape in Japan, whereas it

9、 is used for rapeseed oil production in Europe.Key Wordssalinity n. 盐度；盐分；盐性 cultivar n. 栽培品种 beetroot n. 甜菜根 rape n. 油菜（分数：2.00）_35.Thank you for your purchase of a Philips desk light! Operation InstructionsThis desk light is not waterproof and is only suitable for indoor usage.No alternations of a

10、ny kind should be carried out on this desk light.Do not use any voltage exceeding a 10% margin of the specified standard.Do not touch the lamp inside or the lamp shade when the power is switched on.Do not place flammable material near the desk light.In case of operation failure, please switch off th

11、e desk light, unplug the power cord and contact your nearest Philips dealer.This desk light is suitable for Philips PL-F/4P 27W compact fluorescent lamps only. InstallationTake out the desk light body, base and clip.To use the desk light with the base, insert the stem onto the base plate and tighten

12、 the fixing screw.To use the desk light with the clip, mount the clip onto the desired surface and tighten the fixing screw, then insert the stem onto the clip.The supplied clip is not suitable for use on tubes. MaintenanceIn order to ensure optimum performance, we recommend you to clean the desk li

13、ght twice a year. When cleaning the desk light take care to use soft cotton clothes only.Do not use chemical solvents to clean the desk light, it might damage the painted surfaces. CautionPlease turn off the power and unplug the desk light before replacing the lamp! Key Words compact fluorescent lam

14、ps n. 电子节能灯（分数：2.00）_36.汉译英_37.像鸟儿一样地飞翔，摆脱地心引力的束缚，自由自在地在天空翱翔，让风“沙沙”地掠过我们伸展的翅膀谁没有做过这样的美梦?飞行作为人类最古老的梦想，也许要追溯到穴居人时代。那时候，当人类在地面上追捕动物累得筋疲力尽时，仰头看着在头顶上飞翔的鸟儿，无限向往。虽然有三分之二的生物能够飞行，但人类却被困在地面上。多少个世纪以来，勇敢无畏的开拓者试图模仿鸟儿飞行用人工制造的翅膀去冲破地心引力的牢笼。然而，像牛顿看到过的苹果落地一样，许多人坠地身亡。虽然历史上有过一些最有才华的人曾致力于解决这个难题，但是这个梦想直到 1903 年 12 月一个寒冷的

15、早晨才得以实现。当时，美国有对兄弟从北卡罗来纳州的沙滩上腾空而起，给人类添上了双翼。随着莱特兄弟奥维尔与威尔伯的开天辟地的一系列飞行，人类飞行的时代终于到来了。【关键词】莱特兄弟奥维尔与威尔伯 Orville and Wilbur Wright（分数：2.00）_38.福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业，注册资本两千万元人民币。公司生产基地位于国家级科技园区福州科技园区洪山园内。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，大、中专毕业以上的技术管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上，并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密的合作关系。于若木、沈治平、卢圣栋等中国著名

16、的营养学、生物学、医学专家受聘担任公司的高级顾问。公司环境优美、设备先进，拥有中国第一条年产三十万吨核酸花粉合剂的现代化生产线。第二、第三条生产线亦将陆续建成。公司运用高新技术提取植物精华，制成“中华一珍”核酸花粉合剂，解决了人类长期普遍缺乏核酸的医学、营养学难题，在中国近五千种营养保健品中独树一帜，后来居上。公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业企业精神和“团结、拼搏、务实、创新、奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取、蒸蒸日上。【关键词】福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司 Fujian Good First Yizhen Biological CoLtd香港福信投资有限公司 Hong Kong

17、 Good First Investment，CorpLtd核酸花粉合剂 nucleic acid pollen mixture（分数：2.00）_2013 年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.OPEC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：石油输出国组织)解析：3.CPI（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：消费者物价指数)解析：4.HTTP（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：超文本传输协议)解析：5.Hubble Space Telescope（分数：2.00）_

18、正确答案：(正确答案：哈勃太空望远镜)解析：6.ultraviolet rays（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：紫外线)解析：7.modem（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：调制解调器)解析：8.GM organism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：转基因生物)解析：9.quark（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：夸克)解析：10.carbohydrate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：碳水化合物)解析：11.El Nino（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：厄尔尼诺现象)解析：12.magnetic resonance imaging(MM

19、)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：磁共振现象)解析：13.Nikon（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：尼康)解析：14.oxides of nitrogen（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：氮氧化合物)解析：15.photosynthesis（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：光合作用)解析：16.geomorphology（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：地貌学)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.功能目的论（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：skopos theory)解析：术语_正确答案：(正确答案：terminology)解析：20.液晶显示器

20、分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：liquid crystal display)解析：21.自助图书馆（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：self-service library)解析：22.臭氧层（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：ozone layer)解析：字节_正确答案：(正确答案：byte)解析：视译_正确答案：(正确答案：sight interpretation)解析：25.翻译记忆（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：translation memory)解析：26.异化法（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：foreignization)解析：27.

21、蛋白质（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：protein)解析：28.陪同口译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：escort interpretation)解析：29.等额选举（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：single candidate election)解析：30.可读性（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：readability)解析：31.太阳同步轨道卫星（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：satellite in Sunsynchronous orbit)解析：32.基因疗法（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：gene therapy)解析：

22、二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.In agriculture a relevant aspect is the better adaptation of plants to specific environmental conditions that can be gained using genetic engineering techniques: this includes the better adaptation of crop plants to the changing environmental conditions, including c

23、limate change, increased UV radiation, changed rainfall patterns. Plants may be able to be more resistant to drought, flooding, salinity or sensitivity to heavy metals, so that they can be grown in areas of the earth currently beyond the tolerance range of species, or even those areas unable to be u

24、sed for agriculture at all. Furthermore, other environments could be considered: tolerance to low temperature is also important, and, for example, an antifreeze gene from an arctic fish has been transferred to soybean, with the goal of creating plants tolerant to low temperature. Another aspect is r

25、elated to chemical problems connected with plants growth: aluminum toxicity is a problem in low pH soils, where it may reduce plant growth. By making plants tolerant, they could grow better in such soils. Genetic modifications could lead to an increased disease and pest resistance and to the product

26、ion of new cultivars with improved pest and disease resistance to promote more environmentally acceptable alternatives for food production. The genetic manipulation could lead finally to the utilization of new raw materials: traditional foods often involve consumption of only one or several parts of

27、 a plant, for example fruits, leaves, roots, or stems. Plants grown in one culture for roots may be eaten for their leaves in another, such as beetroot. Some plants may be eaten by humans in one culture, such as the plant rape in Japan, whereas it is used for rapeseed oil production in Europe.Key Wo

28、rdssalinity n. 盐度；盐分；盐性 cultivar n. 栽培品种 beetroot n. 甜菜根 rape n. 油菜（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 在农业方面，基因工程技术可以使植物更好地适应现实的特定环境条件，也就是让农作物更好地适应环境条件的不断变化，包括气候变化、紫外线辐射增强以及降雨模式的变化。植物的抗旱、抗涝、抗盐分能力或是对重金属的抗敏感性都会增强，这样的话，就可以在超出物种耐量范围的土地或是在那些根本不能耕种的地方种植作物。此外，还要考虑到其他环境因素：耐低温也很重要，比如已经把北极的鱼体内的抗冻基因移植到了大豆上，以研制出耐低温的植物。另一方面就是关系植物生长的化学问题：在 pH 值低的土壤中铝中毒是个问题，因为它可以减缓植物生长速度。植物产生抗体的话就可以在这样的土壤中长得更好。基因转变既可以使抗病虫性能增强，也可以生产出新的品种，使抗病虫性能得以改善，推动粮食生产合乎环境要求。基因操作最终会使新的原材料具有新的用途：传统的食品经常是只食用植物的一个或几个部位，比如水果、叶子、根或茎。在一