【考研类试卷】2014年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析.doc

1、2014 年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.API（分数：2.00）_3.CBD（分数：2.00）_4.FOB（分数：2.00）_5.BBS（分数：2.00）_6.OTC（分数：2.00）_7.TQC（分数：2.00）_8.EEC（分数：2.00）_9.MIT（分数：2.00）_10.pairing-assistance（分数：2.00）_munity-level democracy（分数：2.00）_12.without imposing a single solution（分数

2、：2.00）_13.to take up provisional post in（分数：2.00）_14.advantages of a late comer（分数：2.00）_15.greenery coverage（分数：2.00）_16.designated driver（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_蜗居_19.忧患意识（分数：2.00）_20.团购优惠券（分数：2.00）_21.盲目投资（分数：2.00）_22.农家乐（分数：2.00）_23.小产权房（分数：2.00）_24.地沟油（分数：2.00）_地王_26.生态移民（分数：2.00）_27.公务用车（分数：2.00）_28.

3、工伤保险（分数：2.00）_29.加强党性修养（分数：2.00）_30.事业编制（分数：2.00）_31.解决民生问题（分数：2.00）_32.信访办（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new and dislike it, unless he can be compelled by the for

4、ce of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends up upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do; they first learn the fact

5、s as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful.The last people from whom praise can be exp

6、ected, even for what is worthy of all praise, are the English. A new friendship, a new ideal, a reform, a noble action, a wonderful poet, an exquisite paintingany of these things will be admired and praised by every other people in Europe long before you can get Englishmen to praise. The Englishman

7、all this time is studying, considering, trying to find fault. Why should he try to find fault? So that he will not make any mistakes at a later day. He has inherited the terrible caution of his ancestors in regard to mistakes. It must be granted that his caution has saved him from a number of very s

8、erious mistakes that other nations have made. It must also be acknowledged that he exercises a fair amount of moderation in the opposite directionthis modem Englishman; he has learned caution of another kind, which his ancestors taught him. “Power should be used with moderation: for whoever finds hi

9、mself among valiant men will discover that no man is peerless. “ And this is a very important thing for the strong man to know-that however strong, he cannot be the strongest; his match will be found when occasion demands it. Not only Scandinavian but English rulers have often discovered this fact t

10、o their cost.（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.合理引导消费行为，形成文明生活方式。消费行为和生活方式看似小事，实则是全社会的大问题，每时每刻都会对资源环境产生直接影响，同时也会间接影响生产方式。我们每个人都要从自己做起，从一点一滴做起。一是树立健康的消费理念。持续开展资源短缺、环境脆弱的国情宣传和深度教育，强化全体国民的环保理念和生态意识，引导人们自觉节约每一滴水、每一度电、每一张纸、每一粒粮，在全社会形成节约光荣、浪费可耻的新风尚，使节约资源和保护环境成为 13 亿中国人的主流价值观。二是形成合理的消费行为。倡导绿色消费、集约消费，引导人们理性消费、科学消费，形成节俭办事

11、、减少污染、有益健康的生活方式。加强城乡公共服务能力建设，运用价格手段调节引导居民绿色居住和出行，扩大节能、低碳、环保的绿色产品消费。执行强制性的节能标准，推进可再生能源、环保材料的广泛应用。加强绿色低碳社区建设，鼓励个人、家庭和单位遏制浪费现象和不文明行为。三是创造整洁的生活环境。大力扶持绿色交通，推广天然气、沼气、太阳能、风能等清洁能源，减少机动车尾气、工业排放和建筑扬尘，推行垃圾分类回收和循环利用，改造地下排污管网，提高危险废弃物集中处理能力，绿化、美化、净化生活环境。特别要加强农村环境治理，实施乡村清洁工程，推行“户集、村收、镇运、集中处理”的垃圾处理方式，深入实施秸秆禁烧和综合利用，

12、建设“居住集中化、环境生态化、服务功能化”的农村新社区。（分数：2.00）_2014 年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.API（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：空气污染指数(Air Pollution Index)解析：3.CBD（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中央商务区(Central Business District)解析：4.FOB（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：离岸价格(Free on Board)解析：5.BBS（分数：2.00）_正确答

13、案：(正确答案：电子布告栏(Bulletin Board System)解析：6.OTC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：非处方药(Over the Counter)解析：7.TQC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：全面质量管理(Total Quality Control)解析：8.EEC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：欧洲经济共同体(the European Economic Community)解析：9.MIT（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)解析：10.pairin

14、g-assistance（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：对口支援)解析：munity-level democracy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：基层民主)解析：12.without imposing a single solution（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：不搞一刀切)解析：13.to take up provisional post in（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：到挂职)解析：14.advantages of a late comer（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：后发优势)解析：15.greenery coverage（分

15、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：绿化覆盖面积)解析：16.designated driver（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：代驾司机；指定驾车人)解析：17.汉译英_解析：蜗居_正确答案：(正确答案：dwelling narrowness/pigeonhole)解析：19.忧患意识（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：sense of vigilance against of potential dangers)解析：20.团购优惠券（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：group coupon)解析：21.盲目投资（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：blind

16、investment)解析：22.农家乐（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：agritainment)解析：23.小产权房（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：houses with limited property rights)解析：24.地沟油（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：swill-cooked dirty oil)解析：地王_正确答案：(正确答案：top bidder)解析：26.生态移民（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：eco-migration)解析：27.公务用车（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：government cars)解析：28.

17、工伤保险（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：work-related injury insurance)解析：29.加强党性修养（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：to cultivate the Party spirit)解析：30.事业编制（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：staffing of government affiliated institutions)解析：31.解决民生问题（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：to improve peoples well-being)解析：32.信访办（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Office of L

18、etters and Calls)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new and dislike it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages

19、over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends up upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do; they first learn the facts as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, n

20、ot at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful.The last people from whom praise can be expected, even for what is worthy of all praise, are the English.

21、 A new friendship, a new ideal, a reform, a noble action, a wonderful poet, an exquisite paintingany of these things will be admired and praised by every other people in Europe long before you can get Englishmen to praise. The Englishman all this time is studying, considering, trying to find fault.

22、Why should he try to find fault? So that he will not make any mistakes at a later day. He has inherited the terrible caution of his ancestors in regard to mistakes. It must be granted that his caution has saved him from a number of very serious mistakes that other nations have made. It must also be

23、acknowledged that he exercises a fair amount of moderation in the opposite directionthis modem Englishman; he has learned caution of another kind, which his ancestors taught him. “Power should be used with moderation: for whoever finds himself among valiant men will discover that no man is peerless.

24、 “ And this is a very important thing for the strong man to know-that however strong, he cannot be the strongest; his match will be found when occasion demands it. Not only Scandinavian but English rulers have often discovered this fact to their cost.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 英国人谁都不相信照搬书本会办好事情。他们怀疑一切理论，

25、不管是哲学理论还是其他高论一概不予相信。他们总是对一切新鲜事物持怀疑态度，并对之深恶痛绝，除非迫于形势，他们才认识到新的事物确有优点胜过旧事物。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亚，只要可能，他们总是始终不渝地依靠他们自己的民族经验。为了做出决策，英国的政治家们并不参阅历史的先例，而是首先如实地弄清事实的真相；然后凭借自己的常识，丝毫不依赖大学的知识或哲学高论。就英国民族而论，必须承认这种本能的处世方法一向是极为成功的。 即使是值得举世赞扬的事迹，也难望博得英国人的赏识。新的友谊，新的理想、改革，高尚的行为，令人叫绝的诗人，精美的绘画不论哪一种，欧洲其他民族交口称赞很久之后，才能获得英国人的垂青。因

26、为英国人一直在研究，深思熟虑，不遗余力地挑剔。为什么要吹毛求疵呢?其目的在于避免日后犯错。他从祖先那里继承了这种极端的避免犯错的谨慎态度，但不得不承认的是这种态度确实让他们避免了其他民族所犯的史不绝书的失误。另一方面，我们还必须承认，现代的英国人运用反方向的适度节制，学会了另一种谨慎的态度，这也是祖先传授给他们的。“力量应该有节制地使用，因为不论谁居于强者之林，都会发觉谁也不是盖世无双的。”不论多么强，都不会是天下无敌的这是强者应了解的最重要的一点。时机一到，就会碰到对手。不仅斯堪底纳维亚的统治者，而且英国的统治者，都是吃尽了苦头，才发觉这个事实的。)解析：35.汉译英_解析：36.合理引导消

27、费行为，形成文明生活方式。消费行为和生活方式看似小事，实则是全社会的大问题，每时每刻都会对资源环境产生直接影响，同时也会间接影响生产方式。我们每个人都要从自己做起，从一点一滴做起。一是树立健康的消费理念。持续开展资源短缺、环境脆弱的国情宣传和深度教育，强化全体国民的环保理念和生态意识，引导人们自觉节约每一滴水、每一度电、每一张纸、每一粒粮，在全社会形成节约光荣、浪费可耻的新风尚，使节约资源和保护环境成为 13 亿中国人的主流价值观。二是形成合理的消费行为。倡导绿色消费、集约消费，引导人们理性消费、科学消费，形成节俭办事、减少污染、有益健康的生活方式。加强城乡公共服务能力建设，运用价格手段调节引

28、导居民绿色居住和出行，扩大节能、低碳、环保的绿色产品消费。执行强制性的节能标准，推进可再生能源、环保材料的广泛应用。加强绿色低碳社区建设，鼓励个人、家庭和单位遏制浪费现象和不文明行为。三是创造整洁的生活环境。大力扶持绿色交通，推广天然气、沼气、太阳能、风能等清洁能源，减少机动车尾气、工业排放和建筑扬尘，推行垃圾分类回收和循环利用，改造地下排污管网，提高危险废弃物集中处理能力，绿化、美化、净化生活环境。特别要加强农村环境治理，实施乡村清洁工程，推行“户集、村收、镇运、集中处理”的垃圾处理方式，深入实施秸秆禁烧和综合利用，建设“居住集中化、环境生态化、服务功能化”的农村新社区。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：We need to urge rational consumption habits in order to foster civilized lifestyles. Though consumption habits and lifestyles may appear to be trivial