【考研类试卷】GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷22及答案解析.doc

1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）-试卷 22 及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your

2、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2._pollution control measures tend to be money consuming, many industries hesitate to adopt them.（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.HoweverC.WhenD.Since3.You should use _and natural language when you write a personal letter.（分数：2.00）A.for

3、illalB.politicalC.magicD.plain4.Those who _women“s liberation movement continue to hope, and work, for a change.（分数：2.00）A.consist inB.believe inC.indulge inD.result in5.According to the _of the contract, employees must give six months“ notice if they intend to leave.（分数：2.00）A.lawsB.rulesC.termsD.d

4、etails6.Susan will come to watch him _at Wimbledon this week.（分数：2.00）A.playedB.playC.to playD.playing7.Although there are many predictions about the future, no one knows for sure _the world would be like in 50 years.（分数：2.00）A.howB.thatC.whichD.what8.How strange it is that the habit he developed in

5、 his childhood still_ him.（分数：2.00）A.takes toB.clings toC.attends toD.adds to9.The new currency will get into_ soon.（分数：2.00）A.circuitB.circulationC.circularD.circle10.Retail sales volume in local urbah and rural areas rose 57.8% and 46.8%_last year.（分数：2.00）A.individuallyB.respectivelyC.correspondi

6、nglyD.accordingly11.The accepted_ of adepuate diet have been challenged by new discoveries in nutrition.（分数：2.00）A.formationsB.componentsC.standardsD.ingredients二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by fi

7、ve questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but t

8、he doubters insisted that we didn“t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million s

9、mokers went to caily graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth“s atmosphere is def

10、initely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel“s report “Science never has all the answers but science does provide u

11、s with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the scien

12、ce about global warming is incomplete, that it“s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunat

13、ely, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it“s obvious that a majority of the president“s advisers still don“t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic ease of “paralysis by analysis“. To serve as responsible stewards

14、of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won“t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, wh

15、ich would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.（分数：10.0

16、0）(1).An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _.（分数：2.00）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D.antismoking peo

17、ple were usually talking nonsense.(2).According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _.（分数：2.00）A.a protector.B.a judge,C.a critic.D.a guide,(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“(Last line, Paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investigation reveals truth

18、.C.Prudent planning hinders.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.(4).According to the author, what should the Administration do about _.（分数：2.00）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some legislative me

19、asures.(5).The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _.（分数：2.00）A.they both suffered from the government“s negligence.B.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D.both of them have turned from bad to w

20、orse.It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans“ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Su

21、ch advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of OURS. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to

22、disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it“s useless. The mo

23、st obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their in- ability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patientoo often offer aggressive treatment far be- yond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the co

24、st will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Ri

25、chard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty todie and get out of the way“, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,

26、Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O“Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that c

27、ome naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, coun

28、tries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikelycures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people“s lives.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first sentence?（分数：2.0

29、0）A.Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B.Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C.Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D.Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.(2).The author uses the example of caner patients to show that

30、 _.（分数：2.00）A.medical resources are often wasted.B.doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C.some treatments are too aggressive.D.medical costs are becoming unaffordable.(3).The author“s attitude to ward Richard Lamm“s remark is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapproval.B.reserved consent.C.slight c

31、ontempt.D.enthusiastic support.(4).In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care_.（分数：2.00）A.more flexibly.B.more extravagantly.C.more cautiously.D.more reasonably.(5).The text intends to express the idea that_.（分数：2.00）A.medicine will further prolong people% lives.B.life

32、beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C.death should be accepted as a fact of life.D.excessive demands increase the cost of health care.In spite of “endless talk of, difference“, American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and d

33、iscourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption“ launched by the 19th century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, “these were stores, anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.

34、This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Grego

35、ry Rodriguez reports that today“s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 hnmigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2

36、 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well“ or “very well“ after ten years of residence. The children of i

37、mmigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families“. Hence the description of America as a graveyard “for language“. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership ra

38、te of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S. born whites and blacks“. By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-Am

39、erican women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation“s assimilative power“. A

40、re there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America“s turbulent past, today“s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “homogenizing“(Line 1, P

41、aragraph 1) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.identifyingB.associatingC.assimilatingD.monopolizing(2).According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century _.（分数：2.00）A.played a role in the spread of popular culture.B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.satisfied the needs of a k

42、nowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.(3).The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _.（分数：2.00）A.are resistant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the populati

43、on.(4).Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.To prove their popularity around the world.B.To reveal the public“s fear of immigrants.C.To give examples of successful immigrants.D.To show the powerful influence of American culture.(5).In the author“s opinio

44、n, the absorption of immigrants into American society is._.（分数：2.00）A.rewardingB.successfulC.fruitlessD.harmfulIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to sh

45、ow them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alter

46、natively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses“ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by SL P

47、eter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps ove

48、r to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that“s God“, came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he“s a doctor“. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and

49、 it“ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman“s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you musm“t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on