【考研类试卷】MBA联考英语-26及答案解析.doc

1、MBA 联考英语-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing (1) that a cluster of tall buildings in a city

2、often overburdens public transportation and parking lot (2) .Skyscrapers are also enormous (3) , and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition (4) 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the (5) daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts en

3、ough to (6) the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscraper can be especially (7) . The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times (8) through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain (9) heating and air-conditioni

4、ng equipment, (10) of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses (11) with silver or gold mirror films that reduce (12) as well as heat gain. However, (13) skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and (14) neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers pu

5、t severe pressure on a citys sanitation (15) , too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each yearas (16) as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a (17) of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also (18)

6、 with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic.Still, people (19) to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built thempersonal ambition and the (20) of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.（分数：10.00）A.atB.toC.outD.towardsA.powerB

7、.capacitiesC.potentialsD.capabilitiesA.saversB.consumersC.losersD.spendersA.ofB.inC.toD.atA.pointB.topC.summitD.peakA.distributeB.giveC.supplyD.donateA.thriftyB.economicC.prosperousD.wastefulA.thatB.thoseC.whichD.whenA.toB.betweenC.onD.bothA.foundersB.consumersC.buildersD.suppliersA.coveredB.filledC

8、.powderedD.stainedA.brightnessB.lightC.glareD.gazeA.glass-walledB.plastic-walledC.concrete-walledD.mirror-walledA.affectB.assistC.protectD.benefitA.decorationsB.furnitureC.facilitiesD.appliancesA.manyB.muchC.fewD.littleA.populationB.peopleC.mankindD.raceA.interveneB.interfereC.interruptD.obstacleA.s

9、topB.pauseC.continueD.terminateA.wishB.desireC.secretD.promise二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks to

10、 end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling, out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal r

11、ights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly

12、 woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.

13、When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.“ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.“ Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a c

14、ompassionate, understandable wayin human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal res

15、earch was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, l

16、est animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively re

17、cruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious

18、embers of medical progress.（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.（分数：2.00）A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement(2).Misled p

19、eople tend to think that using an animal in research is _.（分数：2.00）A.cruelbut naturalB.inhuman and unacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.（分数：2.00）A.discontent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical

20、scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.（分数：2.00）A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new

21、cures(5).From the passage we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.（分数：2.00）A.a well-known humanistB.a medical practitionerC.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal researchPassage TwoAfter Tesco entered the Thai market in 1998 with its brand of colorful, well-stocked superstores, angry local

22、 competitors tried to impede the powerhouse UK-based retailers progress with a wall of lawsuitsincluding one that would have forced Tesco Lotus, the companys regional subsidiary, to shut off air-conditioning because chilly stores posed a public health hazard to the equatorial Thai people. Frivolous

23、legal actions were a minor nuisance compared with what came next. Over a five-month period last year, two Tesco Lotus outlets were bombed, another peppered with automatic weapons fire and yet another hit by a rocket-propelled grenade.Despite threats by governments to ban them, chains including Franc

24、es Carrefour and US-based Wal-Mart are ramping up plans to hundreds of new outlets throughout the region over the next several years. The onslaught threatens to run local retailers right out of business. Local retailers are not the only ones displaced when the superstore comes to town. Because of th

25、eir high turnover, hypermarkets can throw their weight around with local suppliers by demanding lower prices. Costco buys directly from manufacturers to stock its two stores in Japana practice that disrupts the countrys entrenched but inefficient distribution networks. Thats not to say the foreigner

26、s are unstoppable. Carrefour, the worlds second largest retailer, tried and failed to crack the Hong Kong market in the 1990s. Hong Kong consumers seemed to prefer familiar neighborhood chain stores.Undeterred, foreign hypermarkets have learned to adapt, often by forming joint ventures with domestic

27、 partners and by stocking local wares. “A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that when Wal-Mart comes to town, we set up exactly the same system as we do everywhere,“ says Holley of Wal-Mart. “But we take our best practices and customize it to each market.“Mike Sinegal, head of Costcos Japan

28、 operations, agrees that stores must trim their sails according to prevailing winds, but dismisses the notion that Asian consumers are very different from shoppers in, say, Los Angeles. When Costco entered Japan, he says, local suppliers insisted American shampoos wouldnt sell because Japanese hair

29、is different. But Costcos private-label brand quickly became one of its top-selling products. “The bottom line is that the uniqueness of these markets is overrated,“ says Sinegal.Local retailers assert that they are more aware of the local people and their consumption customs compared with the forei

30、gners. Shoppers, however, dont seem to care. Because of economic globalization, it doesnt matter whether you are a foreign store or a domestic store. Whats important is that you provide what local customers really need at a price that most people can afford.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the passage mainly a

31、bout?（分数：2.00）A.The influence of foreign superstores on Asias economy.B.The challenges that foreign superstores face in Asia.C.The marketing strategies of famous foreign superstores in Asia.D.The role of famous hypermarkets in the process of economic globalization.(2).The phrase “throw ones weight a

32、round“ (Paragraph 2) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.to look down upon others and intimidate others into doing somethingB.to spend money foolishly in order to show ones wealthC.to use ones power to tell people what to do in an unpleasant wayD.to discourage others by showing off their strength(3).Mike Si

33、negal indicates that _.（分数：2.00）A.the foreign chains should take their best practices and customize them to each marketB.the differences between markets are not as great as people have expectedC.private-level brand neednt take the locational factor so seriouslyD.the uniqueness of the market is not a

34、s important as the marketing strategy(4).We can learn from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.some foreign chains are considering relocating to more hospitable landsB.Carrefour is quite welcome by the local consumers with its abundance of productsC.Costco has carried out many promotional campaigns to att

35、ract the local customersD.some foreign hyperstores are trying to cooperate with local partners to adjust themselves(5).What is the authors attitude towards foreign superstores?（分数：2.00）A.Approving.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Suspicious.Passage ThreeWe assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else

36、 it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no

37、 univocal rules of grammar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usa

38、ge is not subjective.This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain. but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught m

39、oral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may “lea

40、rn the hard way“ that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others “theories“ or patterns of behavior and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are “tested“; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourse

41、lves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judg

42、e right and wrong, good and bad. But then we dont have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do w

43、e have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical the

44、ory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailments we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforw

45、ardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.（分数：10.00）(1).Ethical principles are generally thought to be _.（分数：2.00）A.explicitly clearB.implicitly v

46、agueC.certain but non-rationalD.relative but not subjective(2).In what way is ethics similar to language use?（分数：2.00）A.Both have rules to determine the optimal choice under a circumstance.B.Both vary according to the context they are applicable to.C.Both are objective, not subjective, entities.D.Si

47、milar sets of rules can be applied in quite different situations.(3).What does the author mean by saying that we may learn moral principles “the hard way“?（分数：2.00）A.We reevaluate our previously held beliefs as we grow older.B.We refute some moral principles only after we find them inconsistent.C.We

48、 acquire a sense of right and wrong from real life lessons.D.We act by ignoring our inherited altruistic tendencies.(4).It is implied in the passage that a relativistic view of ethnics _.（分数：2.00）A.can only be acquired after real life lessonsB.often generate unacceptable consequencesC.is more mature

49、 and rationalD.is too abstract to be of any practical value(5).The author thinks that the true value of ethical theory lies in _.（分数：2.00）A.its prescriptive powerB.its diagnostic functionC.its effectiveness in resolving moral dilemmasD.its relevance to the situationPassage FourOver the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to d