【考研类试卷】MBA联考英语-30及答案解析.doc

1、MBA 联考英语-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Directions:(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.The current approach which (1) on younger people and

2、on skills for employment is not (2) to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is (3) spent on the oldest third of the population.The (4) include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in (5) , that there are now more

3、people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are (6) state pension age.“ (7) needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources (8) young people cannot meet the new (9) ,“ says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.The major (10) of ou

4、r education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. (11) people are changing their jobs, (12) , partners and lifestyles more often than (13) , they need opportunities to learn at every age. (14) , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.People need opportunities to make a“

5、 midlife review“ to (15) to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition (16) retirement, which may now happen. (17) at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.And there should be more money (18) to support people in establishing a (19) of identity and finding constructive (20

6、) for the “third age“, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.（分数：10.00）(1).A. operates B. focuses C. counts D. depends（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. superior B. regular C. essential D. adequate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. currently B. barely C. anxiously D. heavily（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A.

7、regulations B. obstacles C. challenges D. guidelines（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. enjoyment B. retirement C. stability D. inability（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. over B. after C. across D. beside（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. Indentifying B. Learning C. Instructing D. Practicing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. at B. by C. in D.

8、 on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. desires B. realms C. needs D. intentions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. measure B. ratio C. area D. portion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. When B. Until C. Whether D. Before（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. neighbors B. moods C. homes D. minds（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. ago B. ever C. previously D.

9、 formerly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. For example B. By contrast C. In particular D. On average（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. transform B. yield C. adjust D. suit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. within B. from C. beyond D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. unfairly B. unpredictably C. instantly D. indirectly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D

10、.(18).A. reliable B. considerable C. available D. feasible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. sense B. conscience C. project D. definition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. ranks B. assets C. ideals D. roles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Someday a stran

11、ger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website youve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, its likely some of these things have already happened t

12、o you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are he

13、althy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎 屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Go

14、ogle search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.The key question is: Does that matter?For many Americans, the answer apparently is “no. “When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losi

15、ng it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is“ slipping away, and that bothers me.“But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.

16、 Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social S

17、ecurity numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券).But privacy does matter at least sometimes. Its like health: When you have it, you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author mean by saying “the 21st ce

18、ntury equivalent of being caught naked“ (Lines 34, Para. 2)?A. Peoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others secrets.C. People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.D. Criminals are eas

19、ily caught on the spot with advanced technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.C. There should be a distance even between friends.D. There s

20、hould be fewer disputes between friends.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the author say “we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret“ (Line5, Para. 3)A. Modern society has finally evolved into an open society.B. People leave traces around when using modern technology.C. There are always pe

21、ople who are curious about others affairs.D. Many search engines profit by revealing peoples identities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B. They use various loyalty cards for business transact

22、ions.C. They rely more and more on electronic devices.D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, privacy is like health in that_.A. people will make every effort to keep itB. its importance is rarely understoodC. it is something that can easily

23、be lostD. people dont cherish it until they lose it（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the wa

24、y the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has change

25、d markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localize

26、d. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分) captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer

27、and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat (栖息地) loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and

28、 industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional pra

29、ctices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we nee

30、d a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两方面) of all the various ways land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for e

31、xample, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agricult

32、ure is not just about sustainable food production.（分数：10.00）(1).How do people often measure progress in agriculture?A. By its productivity. B. By its sustainability.C. By its impact on the environment. D. By its contribution to economic growth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Specialization and the effort to in

33、crease yields have resulted in_.A. localized pollution B. the shrinking of farmlandC. competition from overseas D. the decrease of biodiversity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author think of traditional farming practices?A. They have remained the same over the centuries.B. They have not kept pace

34、 with population growth.C. They are not necessarily sustainable.D. They are environmentally friendly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?A. It will go through radical changes.B. It will supply more animal products.C. It will abandon traditional farming practices.D.

35、 It will cause zero damage to the environment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To remind people of the need of sustainable development.B. To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C. To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.D. To

36、 urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated(使着迷) with information.

37、Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espionagespying as a “profession“. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of

38、gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks (间谍) call it “open-source intelligence“, and as the Net grows, it is

39、becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the bi

40、ggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions

41、are available online at www. straitford, com.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the w

42、orld and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,“ says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.“ Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult

43、to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean Staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military- intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Wa

44、shington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（分数：10.00）(1).The emergence of the Net has_.A. received support from fans like DonovanB. remolded the intelligence servicesC. re

45、stored many common pastimesD. revived spying as a profession（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Donovans story is mentioned in the text to_.A. introduce the topic of online spying B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war D. honor his unique services to the CIA（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3)

46、.The phrase “making the biggest splash“ (Para. 3) most probably means_.A. causing the biggest trouble B. exerting the greatest effortC. achieving the greatest success D. enjoying the widest popularity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be learned from paragraph 4 that_.A. Straitfords prediction about Ukrain

47、e has proved trueB. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC. Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictabilityD. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Straitford is most proud of its_.A. official status B. nonconformist imageC. effic

48、ient staff D. military background（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil

49、 prices calls up scary(可怕的) memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled(成四倍), and 19791980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good r