【考研类试卷】MBA联考英语-33及答案解析.doc

1、MBA 联考英语-33 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an (1) burden on pension

2、financing. There is no easy solution, but (2) retirement could help.Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially (3) one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The (4) reason is that more people are retiring early and living longe

3、r. That means more retirees depending on the (5) of those in work for their income. The (6) is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and (7) life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double (8) size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% 8

4、0% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are (9) to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries. (10) is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of todays workers not getting the pensions they expected or

5、felt they (11) for.Action is needed, (12) simply aiming to reduce the (13) (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to (14) the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be (15) to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of (16) early retirement schemes

6、 to avoid (17) and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking (18) persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less (19) and unemployment is down, then perhaps the (20) rate should rise anew.（分数：10.00）(

7、1).A. unsolvable B. additional C. unsustainable D. undue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. delaying B. retaining C. detaining D. hindering（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. ultimate B. unattainable C. specific D. expensive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. substantial B. essential C. potential D. controversial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A

8、. donating B. sponsoring C. subsidizing D. funding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. outlook B. outcome C. outbreak D. outset（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. prolonging B. expanding C. soaring D. rising（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. in B. on C. by D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. conceived B. reckoned C. expected D. meant（分数：0.5

9、0）A.B.C.D.(10).A. As B. Such C. So D. It（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. should pay B. paying C. be paid D. would pay（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. but B. for C. and D. thus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. multitude B. implementation C. application D. generosity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. exaggerate B. augment C. magnify D.

10、 multiply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. insufficient B. influential C. inefficient D. intrinsic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. advancing B. previous C. ahead D. preceding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. suspensions B. abundances C. redundancies D. discrepancies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. for B. to C. about D. at（分数：0.50）A.

11、B.C.D.(19).A. turbulent B. strenuous C. compact D. intricate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. dependency B. fertility C. present D. mortality（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Food and Drug Administration said Wednesday that it is trying to

12、track down as many as 386 piglets that may have been genetically engineered and wrongfully sold into the U.S. food supply.The focus of the FDA investigation is pigs raised by researchers at the University of Illinois in Urbana Champaign. They engineered the animals with two genes: One is a cow gene

13、that increases milk production in the sow. The other, a synthetic gene, makes the milk easier for piglets to digest. The goal was to raise bigger pigs faster.There has been no evidence that either genetically altered plants or animals actually trigger human illness, but critics warn that potential s

14、ide effects remain unknown. University officials say their tests showed the piglets were not born with the altered genes, but FDA rules require even the offspring of genetically engineered animals to be destroyed so they dont get into the food supply.The FDA, in a quickly arranged news conference We

15、dnesday prompted by inquiries by USA TODAY, said the University of Illinois will face possible sanctions and fines for selling the piglets to a livestock broker, who in turn sells to processing plants.Both the FDA and the university say the pigs that entered the market do not pose a risk to consumer

16、s. But the investigation follows action by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in December to fine a Texas company that contaminated 500000 bushels of soybeans with corn that had been genetically altered to produce a vaccine for pigs.Critics see such cases as evidence of the need for more government

17、oversight of a burgeoning area of scientific research. “This is a small incident, but its incident like this that could destroy consumer confidence and export confidence,“ says Stephanie Childs of the Grocery Manufacturers of America. “We already have Europe shaky on biotech. The countries to whom w

18、e export are going to look at this.“The University of Illinois says it tested the DNA of every piglet eight times to make sure that the animal hadnt inherited the genetic engineering of its mother. Those piglets that did were put back into the study. Those that didnt were sold to the pig broker. “An

19、y pig whos tested negative for the genes since 1999 has been sent off to market, “says Charles Zukoski, vice chancellor for research.But FDA deputy commissioner Lester Crawford says that under the terms of the universitys agreement with the FDA, the researchers were forbidden to remove the piglets w

20、ithout FDA approval. “The University of Illinois failed to check with FDA to see whether or not the animals could be sold on the open market. And they were not to be used under any circumstance for food. “The FDA is responsible for regulating and overseeing transgenic animals because such genetic ma

21、nipulation is considered an unapproved animal drug.（分数：10.00）(1).The 386 piglets wrongfully sold into food supply are from_.A. Europe B. an American research organizationC. a meat processing plant D. an animal farm（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The purpose of the transgenic engineering research is to_.A. get

22、pigs of larger size in a shorter timeB. make sows produce more milkC. make cows produce more milkD. make pigs grow more lean meat（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The 4th paragraph shows that the University of Illinois_.A. was criticized by the FDAB. is in great troubleC. is required by the FDA to call back the

23、sold pigletsD. may have to pay the penalty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The FDA declares that the wrongfully sold piglets_.A. may have side effects on consumers B. may be harmful to consumersC. are safe to consumers D. may cause human illness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from this passage that_.A.

24、all the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringB. part of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringC. none of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineeringD. half of the offspring have their mothers genetic engineering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For more than

25、two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on me

26、rit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.Now, chief execut

27、ives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court- imposed restrictions

28、 on affirmative action. The CEOs motive: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well“, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet l

29、egal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the

30、 group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “ Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says, a forum member.One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities-wh

31、ich educate three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many univers

32、ities use.（分数：10.00）(1).U.S. court restrictions on affirmative action signifies that_.A. minorities no longer hold the once favored statusB. the quality of American colleges has improvedC. racial preferences has replaced racial prejudiceD. the minority is on an equal footing with the majority（分数：2.0

33、0）A.B.C.D.(2).What has been a divisive issue across the United States?A. Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.B. Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.C. Whether racism exists in American college admission.D. Whether racial intolerance should be punished.（分数：2.0

34、0）A.B.C.D.(3).CEOs of big companies decided to help colleges enroll more minority students because they_.A. think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive educationB. want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nationC. want a workforce that reflects the diversity of t

35、heir customersD. think it their duty to help develop education of the country（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The major tactic the forum uses is to_.A. battle the racial preferences in courtB. support colleges involved in lawsuits of racismC. strive to settle this political debate nationwideD. find legally viab

36、le ways to ensure minority admissions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).If the 10% rule is applied,_.A. the best white high school students can get into collegesB. public universities can get excellent studentsC. students from poor rural families can go to collegesD. good minority students can get into public uni

37、versities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According

38、 to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the popu

39、lation, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and stren

40、gthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal t

41、ax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that fe

42、deral tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in

43、401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now d

44、iscourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may incl

45、ude a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.（分数：10.00）(1).Accord

46、ing to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U.S. economy is_.A. constructive B. significant C. inconclusive D. detrimental（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may_.A.

47、 do harm to younger generations B. end up with few or no benefitsC. give play to their potentials D. shed light on social trends（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that_.A. there will be an acute labor shortage in the near futureB. baby-boomers contribute much to the

48、 US economic outputC. government policies concerning older people are out-datedD. older workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When mentioning “the ongoing stock market on Wall Street“, the author_.A. is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers

49、 are entitledB. is calling for the government to take countermeasures against labor shortageC. is refuting a notion about experienced workers early retirementD. is justifying the ineffectiveness of federal tax and benefit policies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Towards the issue, what the author is most concerned about will be_.A. to advocate radically reforming government policiesB. to take into account the benefits upon retirementC. to put in practice what Hudson researchers believe inD. to prolong the practica