【考研类试卷】北京大学博士英语真题2010年及答案解析.doc

1、北京大学博士英语真题 2010年及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Part Two: Structure (总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differently than the men who surrounded me_, briefly, with the notion that I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues. （分数：1.00）A.that I

2、 dealtB.I dealtC.then I dealtD.did I deal2._only one moving soul in the center of all the orbits that is the sun which drives the planets the more vigorously the closer the planet is. （分数：1.00）A.As existsB.Although existingC.There existsD.Where existing3.The fact is that motherhood makes the heavies

3、t demands in_the areas of least experience. （分数：1.00）A.that it might be calledB.what might be calledC.which might be calledD.it might be called4._sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devot

4、e more energy to social activities. （分数：1.00）A.AsB.ForC.WhileD.Although5.As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, _ （分数：1.00）A.was slowly to changeB.are slowly changedC.is slowly changingD.have slowly changed6.These early clocks, operated by weights, were not

5、particularly accurate, and it was not until the sixteenth century_ （分数：1.00）A.any great reliability attained itB.then attained any great reliabilityC.that any great reliability was attainedD.when any great reliability attained7.I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the other night, but

6、your sister didnt turn up. I cant believe I have been_. （分数：1.00）A.given upB.stood upC.left upD.taken up8.In time, the woman was persuaded to try this new form of discipline and to_a failure to go to time out by the withdrawal of some privilege_. （分数：1.00）A.back offB.back upC.back downD.back with9.T

7、he government will prosecute those individuals who unlawfully possess_material. （分数：1.00）A.classifiedB.bizarreC.personalD.legitimate10.The structure of the global economy_that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash-usually by exporting whatever virgin resources the industrial wor

8、ld might desire. （分数：1.00）A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals11.U.S. Secretary of State Rice_a three-day trip to the Middle East with an agreement from Israeli and Palestinian leaders to hold meetings every two weeks. （分数：1.00）A.ended upB.wrapped upC.rounded upD.summed up12.Some readers, especial

9、ly children, find his works among the most_books they have ever read. （分数：1.00）A.captivatingB.captivatedC.capturableD.captious13.He never felt that being disabled_him of all moral responsibility to himself and his community. （分数：1.00）A.releasedB.relievedC.removedD.relied14.A_, he was probably one of

10、 the most realistic writers of his day. （分数：1.00）A.self-confessing romanticB.self-confessed romanceC.self-confessing romanceD.self-confessed romantic15.When he was in junior high at fourteen, his intelligence was such that he_among undergraduates than among schoolboys. （分数：1.00）A.would fit better in

11、B.would have fitted in betterC.fitted better inD.would have fitted better16.The_manuscripts are still able to tell a lot about the author who charmed the world with his works several hundred years ago. （分数：1.00）A.extendedB.intentC.extantD.distant17.It was_to watch her condition deteriorate day by da

12、y. （分数：1.00）A.sympatheticB.patheticC.empathicD.pathic18.All the mountains are stunningly beautiful, and there are_valleys and the smell of peat from every cottage. （分数：1.00）A.woodenB.woodedC.woodingD.woods19.She wore long, heavy dresses, clothes that allowed_movement. （分数：1.00）A.minimum ofB.the mini

13、mum forC.her minimum ofD.a minimum of20.Hip replacement surgery is_joint replacement surgery in the U.S.（分数：1.00）A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the single frequentD.a single frequent二、Part Three: Cloze Te(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Ea

14、rth, but on the Sun. Every 11 years 31 the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots-actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots 32 its minimum in 2007 and 33 have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled

15、 as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in 34 is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years. This 35 of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planets ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in 36 , g

16、iving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance. In fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be 37 some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, ac

17、counts for the somewhat flat temperature trend of the past decade. But 38 if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last. The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots wer

18、e seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly 39 as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation. But whether the quiet Sun was entir

19、ely to blame for it remains highly 40 . （分数：10.00）A.and soB.or soC.on soD.soonA.increasedB.gotC.reducedD.reachedA.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.mightA.whichB.thatC.whatD.howA.muchB.lackC.numberD.amountA.highB.heightC.altitudeD.spaceA.makingB.causingC.decreasingD.maskingA.evenB.whatC.in caseD.stillA.hardB.se

20、vereC.harshD.heavyA.certainB.unlikelyC.likelyD.uncertain三、Part four: Reading C(总题数：3，分数：15.00)Passage One Parkinsons disease, first described in the early 1800s by British physician James Parkinson as “shaking palsy“, is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. According to the United Nation

21、s, at least four million people worldwide have it; in North America, estimates run from 500,000 to one million, with about 50,000 diagnosed every year. These figures are expected to double by 2040 as the worlds elderly population grows; indeed, Parkinsons and other neurodegenerative illnesses common

22、 in the elderly (such as Alzheimers and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) are on their way to overtaking cancer as a leading cause of death. But the disease is not entirely one of the aged: 50 percent of patients acquire it after age 60; the other half are affected before then. Furthermore, better diag

23、nosis has made experts increasingly aware that the disorder can attack those younger than 40. So far researchers and clinicians have found no way to slow, stop or prevent Parkinsons. Although treatments do exist-including drugs and deep-brain stimulation-these therapies alleviate symptoms, not cause

24、s. In recent years, however, several promising developments have occurred. In particular, investigators who study the role proteins play have linked miscreant proteins to genetic underpinnings of the disease. Such findings are feeding optimism that fresh angles of attack can be identified. As its 19

25、th-century name suggests-and as many people know from the educational efforts of prominent Parkinsons sufferers such as Janet Reno, Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox-the disease is characterized by movement disorders. Tremor in the hands, arms and elsewhere, limb rigidity, slowness of movement, and im

26、paired balance and coordination are among the diseases hallmarks. In addition, some patients have trouble walking, talking, sleeping, urinating and performing sexually. These impairments result from neurons dying. Although the victim cells are many and found throughout the brain, those producing the

27、 neurotransmitter dopamine in a region called the substantia nigra are particularly hard-hit. These dopaminergic nerve cells are key components of the basal ganglia, a complex circuit deep within the brain that fine-tunes and co-ordinates movement. Initially the brain can function normally as it los

28、es dopaminergic neurons in the supstantia nigra, even though it cannot replace the dead cells. But when half or more of these specialized cells disappear, the brain can no longer cover for them. The deficit then produces the same effect that losing air traffic control does at a major airport. Delays

29、, false starts, cancellations and, ultimately, chaos pervade as parts of the brain involved in motor control-the thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex-no longer function as an integrated and orchestrated unit. （分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Parkinsons disease can be best

30、supported by the passage? （分数：1.00）A.Parkinsons disease will become one of the leading causes of death for the old people.B.Parkinsons disease is not entirely one of the aged, as half of the patients are young people.C.Parkinsons disease first appeared in the 19th century.D.Parkinsons disease is a n

31、eurological disorder, but not yet a neurodegenerative illness.(2).The author of the passage suggests that the developments in the study of Parkinsons disease can help_ （分数：1.00）A.prevent ParkinsonsB.alleviate the causes of ParkinsonsC.find new avenues for treatment of ParkinsonsD.cure Parkinsons(3).

32、According to the passage, what causes Parkinsons disease? （分数：1.00）A.The dopaminergic nerve cells are impaired by the victim cells.B.The dopaminergic nerve cells can no longer co-ordinate movement.C.There are tumors in the brain.D.There are not enough dopaminergic neurons in the brain.(4).Janet Reno

33、 and Michael J. Fox are mentioned in the passage because_ （分数：1.00）A.they were experts on Parkinsons diseaseB.they made great efforts to fight Parkinsons diseaseC.they succeeded in fighting Parkinsons diseaseD.they were well-known sufferers of Parkinsons disease(5).The primary purpose of this passag

34、e is to_ （分数：1.00）A.analyze what causes Parkinsons diseaseB.demonstrate how to prevent Parkinsons diseaseC.warn the young people of the danger of Parkinsons diseaseD.present new movements in the study of Parkinsons diseasePassage Two Yet these global trends hide starkly different national and region

35、al stories. Vittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns networks in 31 countries, argues that the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a tool, for example to rejig appointments. “Culture in

36、fluences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,“ he says. “lf you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one.“ Other mundane factors also affect how phones are used. For instance, in countries where many people have holiday homes

37、they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default where they can be reached, thus undermining the use of fixed-line phones. Technologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and cultural contexts,“ writes Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at

38、 the University of California in Irvine, who has co-edited a book on Japans mobile-phone subculture. Indeed, Japan is a good example of how such subcultures come about. In the 1990s Americans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phones. But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the

39、model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet. For some time Wired, a magazine for technology lovers, ran a column called “Japanese schoolgirl watch“, serving readers with a stream of mobile oddities. The implication was that what Japanese schoolgirls did one day, every

40、one else would do the next. The countrys mobile boom was arguably encouraged by underlying social conditions. Most teenagers had long used pagers to keep in touch. In 1999 NTT, Japans dominant operator, launched i-mode, a platform for mobile-Internet services. It allowed cheap e-mails between networ

41、ks and the Japanese promptly signed up in droves for mobile internet. Ms Ito also points out that Japan is a crowded place with lots of rules. Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversations and talking on the phone in public is frowned upon, if not outlawed. Hence the a

42、ppeal of mobile data services. The best way to grasp Japans mobile culture is to take a crowded commuter train. There are plenty of signs advising you not to use your phone. Every few minutes announcements are made to the same effect. If you do take a call, you risk more than disapproving gazes. Pas

43、sengers may appeal to a guard who will quietly but firmly explain: “dame desu“ - its not allowed. Some studies suggest that talking on a mobile phone on a train is seen as worse than in a theatre. Instead, hushed passengers type away on their handsets or read mobile-phone novels (written Japanese al

44、lows more information to be displayed on a small screen than languages that use the Roman alphabet). （分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, an Italian would leave his phone on in a meeting for which of the following reason? （分数：1.00）A.He is afraid of missing a business opportunity.B.His family membe

45、rs may call him in emergency.C.He thinks it is rude to leave a call unanswered.D.He needs to get posted about the latest change in the work schedule.(2).Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage? （分数：1.00）A.How we use our phones reflect where we live.B.Technologies determine

46、 the way we communicate.C.Culture influences the development of technologies.D.Social conditions dictate the mobile future.(3).The author suggests that Japan leads the world in the mobile-phone culture in that （分数：1.00）A.the Japanese are the earliest mobile phone usersB.the Japanese are the chatties

47、t mobile phone usersC.the Japanese use mobile Internet early onD.Japan provides the best mobile phone services(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the Japanese teenagers are fond of the mobile data services because （分数：1.00）A.they like to play electronic gamesB.they like to talk to their fri

48、ends on the phoneC.they can read novels on the phoneD.they can communicate with their friends more conveniently(5).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content? （分数：1.00）A.the Japanese phone cultureB.culture and technologyC.all alike, all differentD.hand

49、y, if you are thriftyPassage Three Todays recyclers can now conceivably lay claim to a rich, bloody, brawny heritage, if a new Viking discovery is any indication. The famed Norse warriors, many of whom settled parts of eastern and northern England in the Middle Ages, recycled as they fought, new excavations in the United Kingdom suggest. An 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered in the city of York is likely evidence of a