【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语-2及答案解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart One Listen(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1._ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.（分数：0.50）A.UntilB.BeforeC.FromD.Since2._ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German econom

2、y actually is.（分数：0.50）A.To giveB.GivenC.GivingD.Having given3.The children prefer camping in the mountains _ an indoor activity.（分数：0.50）A.toB.thanC.forD.with4.The room is so _ with furniture that it is hard to move about.（分数：0.50）A.muddledB.clutteredC.distributedD.scattered5.I asked my mother if I

3、 could go out, and she _ .（分数：0.50）A.descendedB.contentedC.consentedD.ascended6._ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.（分数：0.50）A.AtB.InC.ForD.on7.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _ ate for his lecture.（分数：0.50）A.to have studentsB.for students beingC.for studen

4、ts to beD.to students being8.Youve been talking with David all evening when you ought to be _ with other guests.（分数：0.50）A.blendingB.integratingC.minglingD.incorporating9.Its no use _ me not to worry.（分数：0.50）A.you tellB.your tellingC.for you to have toldD.having told10.If you want to go to the conc

5、ert, youll have to make a _ ,or there will be no tickets.（分数：0.50）A.reservationB.punctualityC.complimentD.clarity11.Sometimes children have trouble _ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.（分数：0.50）A.to separateB.separatingC.for separatingD.of separating12.I arrive at nine

6、 oclock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning _ .（分数：0.50）A.habitB.customC.practiceD.routine13.Not only _ us light, but also it gives us heat（分数：0.50）A.the sun givesB.the sun does giveC.gives the sunD.does the sun give14.David _ his companys success to the unity of all

7、the staff and their persevering hard work.（分数：0.50）A.attributedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.pledged15.Some _ good luck brought us nothing but trouble.（分数：0.50）A.seeminglyB.satisfactorilyC.uniformlyD.universally16.Cant you speak more _ to your parents?（分数：0.50）A.respectablyB.respectinglyC.respectivel

8、yD.respectfully17.once the _ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.（分数：0.50）A.principleB.principalC.potentialD.primitive18._ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.（分数：0.50）A.To be freeB.To freeC.FreeingD.Freed19._ enough time and money, the res

9、earchers would have been able to discover more in this field.（分数：0.50）A.GivingB.To giveC.GivenD.Being given20.on the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to _ to the school rules.（分数：0.50）A.concedeB.conformC.complyD.confront二、BPar Three Readi(总题数：4，分数：15.00)B/BEach of the passages is fo

10、llowed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each questionGene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the

11、 remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years. While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason

12、r the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, When so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize. Yet this untap

13、ped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells-brain cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few ff doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish pat

14、ients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if ef

15、forts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power. The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed

16、cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent. For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production i

17、n a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year. Human cloning, on

18、the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body ti

19、ssues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miracle cure“. （分数：4.00）(1).The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will _ .（分数：1.00）A.aggravate moral issues of human cloning.B.bring great benefits to human beings.C.help scientists decode body in

20、structions.D.involve employing surgical instruments.(2).The word “rejuvenated“ (Para. 5) most probably means _ .（分数：1.00）A.modified.B.re-collected.C.classified.D.reactivated.(3).The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show _ .（分数：1.00）A.the isolation of stem cells.B.the effects o

21、f gene therapies.C.the advantages of human cloning.D.the limitations of tissue replacements.(4).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：1.00）A.The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.B.The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.C.It is reasona

22、ble for all body instructions to be activated.D.Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about

23、 what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later wh

24、at it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United

25、 States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achi

26、eving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find s

27、omething to live for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences

28、, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because our is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. H

29、ence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to

30、 examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness-in short, they combat isolation and the brea

31、kdown of social standards and values. （分数：3.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie in _（分数：1.00）A.the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should take.B.the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life.C.the non-accepta

32、nce of a society based on individual diversity.D.the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline.(2).The asocial personality of Americans may stem from _（分数：1.00）A.the absence of a common religion and ancestry.B.the multiracial constituents of the US society.C.the want of a shared myths the

33、y possess in life.D.the counterbalance to narcissistic personality.(3).Homers epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to _（分数：1.00）A.exemplify the contributions made by ancient poets.B.illustrate the role of shared fantasies about society.C.show an ideal stage of eternal social progress.D.make kn

34、own myths of what a society ought to be.The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the rece

35、ntly issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, acc

36、ording to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase US economic output and strengthen the tax b

37、ase; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely. Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as hi

38、gh as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits. Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and

39、 benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and K

40、eogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations. The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage wo

41、rk and savings, especially for older worker. Among the reports recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits. regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower

42、salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers. （分数：3.00）(1).According to Hudso

43、n Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is _（分数：1.00）A.constructive.B.significant.C.inconclusive.D.detrimental.(2).The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may _（分数：1.00）A.do harm to yo

44、unger generations.B.end up with few or no benefits.C.give play to their potentials.D.shed light on social trends.(3).The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that _（分数：1.00）A.there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future.B.baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output.C.go

45、vernment policies concerning older people are out-dated.D.alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits.B/BRead the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts. (“Paraphrase“ means “to explain the meaning in your own English“. )The greatest res

46、ults in life are attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and(51)Uits most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for

47、 effort and room for self-improvement./U (52)U The road of human welfare lies along he old highway of steadfast well-doing;/U and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful. Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not

48、so blind as men are. (53)UThose who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as he winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators./U In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most usefu

49、l - such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. (54)UThe very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort./U (55)U Some have ev