【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语真题2012年及答案解析.doc

1、北京大学考博英语真题 2012年及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Structure and(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food shopping experience and are happy to _ their way around the aisles searching out products.A. drive B. steer C. navi

2、gate D. voyage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Weve seen a _ trend of consumers saying they will spend more, from holiday shopping to 2012 travel plans, and spending plans for Feb 14 are no exception.A. consistent B. persistent C. insistent D. resistant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Nearly a third of parents say they feel _

3、into their homes but cannot afford to move to a bigger property, a report reveals today.A. squealed B. squeezed C. squared D. sneezed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Going through a tricky divorce would be enough to put anyone off marriage for life. But a new study shows that men are much more likely to _ a stres

4、sful and complicated break-up than women.A. get on B. get off C. get over D. get in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow your happiness, scientists believe.A. through B. cross C. beneath D. over（分数

5、：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Couples blessed with strength and aggression _ looks are better off having boys, as these characteristics are of more use to males.A. other than B. rather thanC. rather too D. in spite of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Irans morality police are _ on the sale of Barbie dolls to protect the public

6、from what they see as pernicious western culture eroding Islamic values.A. putting down B. breaking downC. cracking down D. looking down（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Business and government managers often promote “clean desk“ policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, _ boosting work efficiency an

7、d productivity.A. for the purpose of B. for good ofC. for purpose of D. for the fun of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.New research suggests gossip could actually lower _ and help people overcome the frustration of seeing someone doing something wrong and getting away with it.A. press B. blessC. cress D. stress（分

8、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Brides are increasingly shunning summer weddings and getting married during winter to cut costs amid the economic gloom, figures suggest.A. instead of B. otherwise C. instead D. rather than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.In the age of Google, our minds are adapting _ we are experts at knowing

9、where to find information even though we dont recall what it is.A. so much B. so that C. such that D. so what（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12._ 2.6 million people starting diets on New Years Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, shunning exercise and gorging on comfort

10、 food.A. In spite B. Although C. While D. Despite（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Experiments suggest that season of birth dramatically affects the speed _ the body clock ticks.A. at which B. for which C. on which D. in which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Scientists on Tuesday pushed the hands of the infamous “Doomsday Clo

11、ck“ forward one minute from last year, signaling their pessimism about the efforts of world leaders to handle global threats.A. increase B. increasedC. increasedly D. increasing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Retirees looking to stretch their pensions might consider spending their golden years in Ecuador, Panam

12、a or Mexico, _ cost of living is low and the weather is warm, according to a new index.A. which B. when C. where D. whose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The worlds greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to Tian Shah (26) the border of China and Kyrgyzstan, h

13、ave lost no ice (27) the last decade, new research shows.The discovery has stunned scientists, who (28) that around 50bn tons of meltwater (29) each year and not being replaced by new snowfall.The study is the first to survey all the worlds icecaps and glaciers and was made (30) by the use of satell

14、ite data. Overall, the contribution of melting ice outside the two largest caps Greenland and Antarcticais much (31) than previously estimated, with the lack of ice loss in the Himalayas and the other high peaks of Asia (32) most of the discrepancy.Bristol University glaciologist Prof Jonathan Bambe

15、r, who was not part of the research team, said, “The very unexpected result was the negligible mass loss from high mountain Asia which is not (33) different from zero. “The melting of Himalayan glaciers caused (34) in 2009 when a report from the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mistaken

16、ly stated that they would disappear by 2035, instead of 2350. (35) , the scientist who led the new work is clear that while greater uncertainty has been discovered in Asias highest mountains, the melting of ice caps and glaciers around the world (36) a serious concern.“Our results and those of every

17、one else show we are losing a huge amount of water into the oceans every year,“ said Prof John Wahr of the University of Colorado. “People should be just as worried about the melting of the worlds ice as they were before. “His teams study, published in the journal Nature, concludes that between 443-

18、629bn tons of meltwater overall are added to the worlds oceans each year. This is (37) sea level by about 1.5mm a year, the team reports, (38) the 2mm a year caused by expansion of the warming ocean.The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain rangessome

19、times dubbed the “third pole“ are (39) melting. Satellite images and reports confirm this. But over the study period, enough ice was added to the peaks to (40) .（分数：15.00）(1).A. on B. in C. across D. over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. from B. as C. upon D. over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. believed B. had believ

20、ed C. have believed D. were believing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. were being shedding B. were sheddingC. were being shed D. were shed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. impossible B. possible C. unavailable D. available（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. shorter B. smaller C. fewer D. less（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. in charge of B.

21、 responsible for C. liable for D. caused by（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. significantly B. meaningfully C. informatively D. expressively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. agreement B. consensus C. controversy D. difference（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Besides B. Furthermore C. Despite D. However（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. re

22、sumes B. remains C. keeps D. lasts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. rising B. arising C. raising D. rearing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. including B. adding up to C. additionally D. in addition to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. definitely B. necessarily C. exactly D. particularly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. replace B. refun

23、d C. compensate D. balance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7 billion people.For better and worse, its a milestone.And there will be more milestones ahead. Four

24、teen years from now, there are expected to be 8 billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the worlds poorer countries. Proportionally, Europes population will decline, while Africas will increase. At around the same time, India will overtake China as the most populous nation on

25、Earth.The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion peopleabout half the worlds populationare malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large prop

26、ortion, of the worlds people been malnourished.And in a growing number of countries, there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, and population aging.As a result of declining fertility and increasing lon

27、gevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging rapidly. Between 9,005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children (persons under age 15) will decline slightly.Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for man

28、kind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure.The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped to more than 13.3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on th

29、e percentage from the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the countrys population will be over 65 by 2050, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission.The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle, we cant rely on the ever-increasing popul

30、ation to support them or maintain the nations economic growth. Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and working capability of todays older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible.It was heartening to hear the Mini

31、stry of Human Resources and Social Security spokesperson announced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take the retirement policy seriously and proactively.Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the private sector are allowed to postpone re

32、tirement until the age of 65 for women. Public servants, however, will continue to retire under the present systemage 60 for men and 55 for women.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, India will in _ 14 years.A. be a poorer country B. be the most populous countryC. decline in population D. increase

33、 investment in Africa（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What problem will result from the global population explosion?A. Population aging B. Increasing longevityC. Declining fertility D. Expanding malnourishment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Population aging represents the following EXCEPT _.A. rapid economic development B

34、. challenge to public institutionsC. success story of mankind D. changing age structure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Todays older adults enjoy _.A. more working years B. more accessible pension programsC. greater longevity D. greater government support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors attitude toward

35、the spokespersons announcement?A. Angered B. DelightedC. Indifferent D. Disappointed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The United Nations declared last Friday that Somalias famine is over. But the official declaration means little to the millions of Somalis who are still hungry and waitin

36、g for their crops to grow.Ken Menkhaus, professor of political science at Davidson College, said it was profoundly disappointing to be discussing another Somali famine, after he worked in the country during the 19911992 one. Each famine, he said, has distinct characteristics, and this one unfolded i

37、n slow motion over the past couple of years. Thats at least partly because the Somali diaspora sent money home that delayed the worst effects.Menkhaus was among four experts on Somalia and famine who spoke at the Radcliffe Gym Monday evening, who gathered for the event, “Sound the Horn: Famine in th

38、e Horn of Africa. “ Paul Farmer, Kolokotrones University Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, drew on his experience treating malnourished people in Haiti, where he has worked for decades, and said the human and social context of hunger need as much attention as the patients do. A malnour

39、ished child is typically an indication of poverty at home, and aid to families should be part of treating the child, he said. Similarly, broader agricultural interventions and fair trade policies are needed to boost local agricultural economies.Though famine is often thought of as a natural disaster

40、, Mondays speakers said that is a false impression. Though Somalia suffered through a severe drought, with todays instant communications, transport systems can move massive amounts of food. Given todays global food markets, famine is too often a failure of local government and international response

41、.“In todays 21st-century world, just about everything about famine is manmade. Were no longer in a world of man against nature,“ said Robert Paarlberg, adjunct professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School.Ethiopia, which was also affected by the recent drought, fared much better this tim

42、e because of reforms implemented after the 2001 one. Likewise, Paarlberg said, northern and central Somalia regions that fall outside of the influence of the A1-Shabaab militia, also fared better. There were several man-made features of this famine, which affected more than 10 million people and kil

43、led between 50,000 and 100,000, half of them children under age 5.The largest man-made feature was the role of the A1-Shabaab militia that rules the region and that kept food aid from reaching those in need. But the international community isnt blameless. As early as November 2010, an international

44、famine early warning system was predicting the failure of rains in the region, but the international community didnt respond fully until an official famine was declared in July 2011. On top of that, U. S. anti-terrorism laws cut off food aid because A1-Shabaab, listed as a terrorist group, was takin

45、g some of it.Though the United Nations has declared the famine over, that was based on statistical measures, such as the number of people dying each day and the number of children who are malnourished. Though the official famine may be over, both U.N. officials and Mondays speakers said the crisis c

46、ontinues for the people of Somalia. Almost a third of the population remains dependent on humanitarian assistance, crops growing from recent rains will take months to reach maturity, and herds of cows, goats, and other animals were greatly reduced during the crisis.Michael Delaney, director of human

47、itarian response for Oxfam America, warned that the world will have another chance to get its response right, because the warning signs are pointing to an impending famine in Africas Sahel, the arid, continent-spanning transition zone just below the Sahara Desert.（分数：5.00）(1).The current Somali fami

48、ne is different from the 19911992 one in that _.A. it received less international aidB. worst effects came more slowlyC. it caught more attention from the worldD. it lasted longer despite help from the UN（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In treating the malnourished patients, attention should be paid to the foll

49、owing EXCEPT _.A. making fair trade policiesB. aiding the patients familiesC. ignoring the indication of povertyD. exercising agricultural interventions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is implied by “Were no longer in a world of man against nature“?A. Natural disaster alone cannot explain famines.B. We live in a world of many man-made matters.C. The world is made up of conflicting social forces.D. Human beings fight with one another for better life.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.