【考研类试卷】北京航空航天大学考博英语-4及答案解析.doc

1、北京航空航天大学考博英语-4 及答案解析(总分：71.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：6.00)1.The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to _ of the body. A. dispense B. dispose C. discard D. discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their ne

2、ws may create a great _ A. explosion B. sensation C. exaggeration D. stimulation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.There are _ differences between theory and practice. A. legible B. laden C. radical D. medieval（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The nation _ the death of its great war leader. A. protruded B. lamented C. rebuked D.

3、racked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Although he refused to act on my suggestion, he had to admit that _ what I said. A. it was something in B. there was something as C. it was something as D. there was something in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours. A. retarded B. retriev

4、ed C. refrained D. retreated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The taller the container, _ at the bottom. A. the greater will the water pressure be B. the water pressure will be greater C. the greater will be the water pressure D. greater the water pressure will be（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.Not until the game had begun _ a

5、t the sports ground. A. should he have arrived B. had he arrived C. did he arrive D. would he had arrived（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.The priest made the _ of the cross when he entered the church. A. mark B. signal C. sign D. gesture（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasin

6、g cultural Udiversity/U of the United States. A. conflict B. refinement C. variety D. movement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：25.00)There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the po

7、lice and newspaper editors have struggled to define the communitys responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system failed her.The fact is, in New York State the system couldnt have saved her. It is alm

8、ost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against Children? There are a number of reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was gi

9、ving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod. Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious i

10、njury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of ch

11、ildren under their control“. More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teachers privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on the

12、ir parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable

13、method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents conduct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminat

14、e child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and spare the child.（分数：7.50）(1).The New York State law seems to provide least protection

15、of a child from violent parents of_ A. a family on welfare B. a poor uneducated family C. an educated black family D. a middle-class white family（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).“Sparing the rod“ means_ A. spoiling children B. punishing children C. not caring about children D. not beating children（分数：1.50）A.B.C

16、.D.(3).Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _ A. taken as illegal in the New York State B. considered being in the teachers province C. officially approved by law D. disapproved by school teachers（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably the vic

17、tim of A. teachers corporal punishment B. misjudgment of the court C. parents ill-treatment D. street violence（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long run A. prevent violence of adults B. save more children C. protect children from ill-

18、treatment D. better the system（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and various ages have become interested in improving their bodies. They have become devoted to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive with many persons who have a strong desire t

19、o be more physically fit.By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They apply this enthusiasm, and energy to jogging/running. As a result, there are running clubs to join and many books and magazines to read about running.The desire to be physically fit is

20、 explained by a “passion“ for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase on the part of the public in improving the human body.Middle-aged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus, they are one group strongly interested in more physical exercise. In fact, many

21、doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing.Physical fitness currently enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is

22、 a new “love“ that many Americans have cherished. Will it last long? Only time will tell or until another “new passion“ comes along.（分数：7.50）(1).In recent years, many Americans have become interested in improving their bodies because _. A. they are enthusiastic about their hobbies and pastimes B. th

23、ey have a strong desire to be more physically fit C. there are many running clubs to join D. there are many books and magazines to read about running（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage implies that _ is a great favorite of many Americans, men and women, old and young. A. jogging/running B. joining runn

24、ing clubs C. reading books and magazines about running D. going in for all kinds of sports（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).Middle-aged men suffering from heart attacks _. A. are compulsive joggers B. are encouraged by their doctors to go in for jogging/running C. are interested in taking more physical exercise

25、D. are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies and pastimes（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).In the sentence “In fact, many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active, especially those who have sedentary jobs“, the word “sedentary“ means _. A. involving physical work B. needing much sitti

26、ng C. energy-consuming D. sleep-producing（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, will the love for physical exercise last long for Americans? A. Yes. B. No. C. Somebody can tell. D. It is hard to tell.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not perfo

27、rmed in the brain alone, but that ones muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. F

28、ew people can listen to music that is more or less familiar without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is tempted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a competent conductor on the job.Stran

29、ge as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. Tile listener “feels“ himself into the music with more or less pronounced motions of his body.The muscles of the body actually

30、participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less pronounced.（分数：5.00）(1).Some psychologists maintain that thinking is _. A. not a mental process B. more of a physical process than a mental action C. a process that involves your

31、entire body D. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Few people are able to listen to familiar music without _. A. moving some part of their body B. stopping what they are doing to listen C. directing the orchestra playing it D. wishing that they could conduct

32、music properly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Body movements are necessary in order for the listener to _. A. hear the music B. appreciate the music C. enjoy the music fully D. completely understand the music（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the selection, muscle participation in the process of thinking is _.

33、A. deliberate B. obvious C. not readily apparent D. very pronounced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for this selection is _. A. An Ear for Music B. Music Appreciation C. How Muscles Participate in Mental Acts D. A Psychological Definition of the Thinking Process（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Ocean water plays

34、an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount; about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucking into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cu

35、bic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organism existence.The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has

36、 properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, exc

37、ept for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.Another outstanding characteristic of water is that it has a heat capacity which is the highe

38、st of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb ard store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great s

39、torehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and Magnesium is produced from seawater along the American Gulf

40、 Coast.（分数：5.00）(1).A characteristic of water NOT mentioned in this passage is that water _. A. expands on freezing B. is a great solvent C. is like ammonia D. has a very high heat capacity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From this passage, we may conclude that _. A. ocean and land masses are equal B. ocean mas

41、ses are smaller than land masses C. it is difficuit to get fresh water from the ocean D. none of the above is correct（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By “hydrosphere“ the author means _. A. the moisture in the air B. the part of the earth covered by water C. the Milky Way D. the frozen waters of the earth（分数：1.

42、00）A.B.C.D.(4).Fish can survive in the oceans because _. A. there are currents in the ocean B. ice floats C. evaporation and condensation create a water cycle D. water absorbs heat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).“Anomaly“, as used in the second paragraph, means _. A. state of being anonymous B. abonormality C.

43、 characteristic D. property（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An Ohio State University study has linked behavior in young childrenU 61 /Uthe type of job their mother has. Mothers with complex occupations that are self-directed and require working with other peopleU 62 /Uto have offspring

44、 with relatively low levels of behavior problems. The opposite heldU 63 /Uwhen the jobs were routine, closely supervised, and dealt with things, rather than people.“A job that challenges and interests a mother and gives her an opportunity to exercise judgment and solve problems clearly hasU 64 /Ucon

45、sequences for her childrens behavior,“ indicatesU 65 /Uprofessor of sociology Elizabeth Mengaghan. Occupations with more positive conditions include management, sales, and teaching positions. Jobs that may be related to increased child behavior problems include book keeping, food service, andU 66 /U

46、line positions.Women who are supervised closely at work and made toU 67 /Ustrict orders may be more likely to use this same style inU 68 /Utheir kids. They may emphasize obedience to parental authority and the potential forU 69 /Upunishment. “We believe that the choice of such a parenting style may

47、increase theU 70 /Uof behavior problems in children.“ On theU 71 /Uhand, mothers whose jobs are less controlled by supervisors andU 72 /Umust work closely with other people probably rely less on physical punishment,U 73 /Uencouraging children to think about consequences of their actions andU 74 /Ure

48、sponsibility for their behavior.U 75 /Uan approach encourages youngsters to follow parental demandsU 76 /Uthey arent being supervised because they have accepted parental values as their own. Moreover, mothers whose jobs dontU 77 /Uconstant supervision“U 78 /Uproblem-solving skills that they can bring to other parts of their life“.The research al